MAC is the abbreviation for: (A) Multimedia access control (B) Media access control (C) Mobile access control (D) Master access point control

MAC is the abbreviation for:
(A) Multimedia access control
(B) Media access control
 (C) Mobile access control
 (D) Master access point control
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1 Answer

Answer :

(B) Media access control
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Related questions

MAC address helps in (A) multimedia access control. (B) media access control. (C) mobile access control. (D) master access point control

Description : MAC address helps in (A) multimedia access control. (B) media access control. (C) mobile access control. (D) master access point control

Last Answer : (B) media access control.

What is full form of MAC a. Model Access Communication b. Media Access Control c. Multimedia Access Control d. Modern Access Control

Description : What is full form of MAC a. Model Access Communication b. Media Access Control c. Multimedia Access Control d. Modern Access Control

Last Answer : b. Media Access Control

What is full form of MAC a. Model Access Communication b. Media Access Control c. Multimedia Access Control d. Modern Access Control

Description : What is full form of MAC a. Model Access Communication b. Media Access Control c. Multimedia Access Control d. Modern Access Control

Last Answer : b. Media Access Control

A Master group consists of (A) 12 voice channels. (B) 24 voice channels (C) 60 voice channels. (D) 300 voice channels

Description : A Master group consists of (A) 12 voice channels. (B) 24 voice channels (C) 60 voice channels. (D) 300 voice channels

Last Answer : (D) 300 voice channels

Explain the terms topology and access methods used in LANs. Discuss the CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA protocols.

Description : Explain the terms topology and access methods used in LANs. Discuss the CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA protocols.

Last Answer : (i) LAN topologies: Network topology is a physical schematic which shows interconnection of the many users. There are four basic topologies as under:  (a) Direct Connection or one to all ... it is free, the station transmits, and waits for an acknowledgment signal that the packet was received

In a LAN network every system is identified by (A) Name (B) MAC address (C) IP Address (D) Serial number given by manufacturer

Description : In a LAN network every system is identified by (A) Name (B) MAC address (C) IP Address (D) Serial number given by manufacturer

Last Answer : (C) IP Address

What are different control function categories, explain, how they help in signalling and control.

Description : What are different control function categories, explain, how they help in signalling and control.

Last Answer : In some switching systems, the control subsystem may be an integral part of the switching network itself. Such system is known as direct control switching systems. Those systems in which the control ... may be carried out at the level of the common control unit or the switching network.  

Explain the following terms: progressive control, common control and stored program control.

Description : Explain the following terms: progressive control, common control and stored program control.

Last Answer : (i) Progressive Control: Step by step system is an example of progressive control. The connection is set up in stages, in response to the digits dialed and each step in setting up the ... some of the features that have become possible due to the application of SPC to telephone switching  

Write short notes on: i. Stored Program Control. ii. Congestion. iii. Common channel signaling. iv. PSTN.

Description : Write short notes on: i. Stored Program Control. ii. Congestion. iii. Common channel signaling. iv. PSTN.

Last Answer : (i) Stored Program Control: In centralized control, all the control equipment is replaced by a single processor which must be quite powerful. It must be capable of processing 10 to 100 calls ... the combination of lines and switches that from a system of electrical routes through the network.  

What is meant by common control? Explain all the categories that are served by Common Control switching.

Description : What is meant by common control? Explain all the categories that are served by Common Control switching.

Last Answer : In some switching systems, the control subsystem may be an integral part of the switching network itself. Such system is known as direct control switching systems. Those systems in which the control ... may be carried out at the level of the common control unit or the switching network.  

What is store program control (SPC)? Give the organization of centralized SPC. Discuss the advantages of SPC automation in telephone switching.

Description : What is store program control (SPC)? Give the organization of centralized SPC. Discuss the advantages of SPC automation in telephone switching.

Last Answer :  In stored program control systems, a program or set of instructions to the computer is stored in its memory and the instructions are executed automatically one by one by the processor. Carrying out ... of services can be provided to customers.  (v) Increase level of automotive in switching 

The Signalling connection control part (SCCP) and message transfer part (MTP) together are referred to as (A) Signal Switching Points (SSPs) (B) Signal Transfer Points (STPs) (C) Signal Control Points (SCPs) (D) Network service part (NSP)

Description : The Signalling connection control part (SCCP) and message transfer part (MTP) together are referred to as (A) Signal Switching Points (SSPs) (B) Signal Transfer Points (STPs) (C) Signal Control Points (SCPs) (D) Network service part (NSP)

Last Answer : (D) Network service part (NSP)

In a time division space switch the size of the control memory is N and its Width: (A)Log10M (B) LogeM (C) LogNM (D) Log2M Where N are the outlets and M the number of data samples

Description : In a time division space switch the size of the control memory is N and its Width: (A)Log10M (B) LogeM (C) LogNM (D) Log2M Where N are the outlets and M the number of data samples

Last Answer : Ans: (It should be 2 log2[N]

SS7 Protocol uses: (A) Out of band signalling. (B) Associated signalling. (C) Speech control signalling. (D) No signalling.

Description : SS7 Protocol uses: (A) Out of band signalling. (B) Associated signalling. (C) Speech control signalling. (D) No signalling.

Last Answer : (A) Out of band signalling.

SPC is used for (A) Carrying Exchange Control Functions (B) Carrying Subscriber Control Functions (C) Exchange Hardware (D) Signalling Purpose

Description : SPC is used for (A) Carrying Exchange Control Functions (B) Carrying Subscriber Control Functions (C) Exchange Hardware (D) Signalling Purpose

Last Answer : (A) Carrying Exchange Control Functions

Common channel signalling in SS7 is (A) out band control channel. (B) in band control channel. (C) speech control channel. (D) none of the above.

Description : Common channel signalling in SS7 is (A) out band control channel. (B) in band control channel. (C) speech control channel. (D) none of the above.

Last Answer : (B) in band control channel.

SPC stands (A) Standard Protocol Control (B) Stored Program Control (C) Signaling and switching Centre (D) Signaling Process Center

Description : SPC stands (A) Standard Protocol Control (B) Stored Program Control (C) Signaling and switching Centre (D) Signaling Process Center

Last Answer : (B) Stored Program Control

In a frame transmission, CRC stands for (A) Code Renewable Check (B) Cyclic Redundancy Check (C) Control and Refresh Code (D) Cyclic Refreshing of CPU

Description : In a frame transmission, CRC stands for (A) Code Renewable Check (B) Cyclic Redundancy Check (C) Control and Refresh Code (D) Cyclic Refreshing of CPU

Last Answer : (B) Cyclic Redundancy Check

A distributed network configuration in which all data/information pass through a central computer is (A) Bus network (B) Star network (C) Ring network (D) Point to point network

Description : A distributed network configuration in which all data/information pass through a central computer is (A) Bus network (B) Star network (C) Ring network (D) Point to point network

Last Answer : (B) Star network

Signalling transfer point (STP) exist in (A) Strowger exchange (B) SS7 (C) Local area network (D) PABX

Description : Signalling transfer point (STP) exist in (A) Strowger exchange (B) SS7 (C) Local area network (D) PABX

Last Answer : (B) SS7

Network with point-to-point link is known as (A) Fully Connected Network (B) Half Connected Network (C) Duplex Connected Network (D) None of these

Description : Network with point-to-point link is known as (A) Fully Connected Network (B) Half Connected Network (C) Duplex Connected Network (D) None of these

Last Answer : (A) Fully Connected Network

The number of point to point links required in a fully connected network for 50 entities is (A) 1250 (B) 1225 (C) 2500 (D) 50

Description : The number of point to point links required in a fully connected network for 50 entities is (A) 1250 (B) 1225 (C) 2500 (D) 50

Last Answer : Ans: (C)

What do you mean by numbering and addressing? Draw the ISDN address structure and explain how the addressing works?

Description : What do you mean by numbering and addressing? Draw the ISDN address structure and explain how the addressing works?

Last Answer :  Numbering and Addressing: In telephone and data networks, the end equipments are more often single units than multiple devices units like PABX or LAN. Historically, a telephone, a computer, or a ... as reference point may also be addressed by using direct inward dialing (DID) feature.  

Explain the process of inter-register signalling.

Description : Explain the process of inter-register signalling.

Last Answer : Registers are used in common control exchanges to store and analyze routing data. They are provided on a common basis is a single register provides routing data for a number of speech circuits. Once a call ... it is released and the originating register signals to the next register.

Draw a centralized SPC organization and explain how it works under load sharing operation.

Description : Draw a centralized SPC organization and explain how it works under load sharing operation.

Last Answer : In centralized control, all the control equipment is replaced by a single processor which must be quite powerful. It must be capable of processing 10 to 100 calls per second, depending on the ... both the processors are active simultaneously and share the load and the resources dynamically.  

Explain FDM and show how CCITT standards help in building the base band?

Description : Explain FDM and show how CCITT standards help in building the base band?

Last Answer : Frequency Division Multiplexing: It is the process of combining several information channels by shifting their signals to different frequency groups within the spectrum so that they can be transmitted simultaneously ... of 24 channels were assembled together in one stage of modulation.     

What are transmission bridges? How do they help in satisfying the connectivity?

Description : What are transmission bridges? How do they help in satisfying the connectivity?

Last Answer : A typical transmission bridge is shown in Fig. The series capacitance and the shunt inductances of the two relays provide a high-pass filter to transmit the AC speech signals, while the relays respond independently to the DC loop/disconnect signals from the calling and called customer.  

What are the different ways of designing 100 line exchange using uni selector and two motion selectors? Show at least three variations. Which is the best option?

Description : What are the different ways of designing 100 line exchange using uni selector and two motion selectors? Show at least three variations. Which is the best option?

Last Answer : Here three different designing methods for 100 line exchange are discussed: Design 1: Here, Strowger switching system is designed using one two-motion selector for each subscriber. A ... only under certain specific traffic conditions and generally lead to higher blocking probabilities.  

How numbering plan is achieved in modern telephony? Give the structure with example.

Description : How numbering plan is achieved in modern telephony? Give the structure with example.

Last Answer :  The objective of numbering plan is to uniquely identify every subscriber connected to a telecommunication network. A numbering plan may be open, semiopen or closed. An open-numbering plan permits wide ... known as the subscriber number which is the number listed in the telephone directory.   

How does a touch tone receiver differs from pulsed dial receiver? Explain with schematic.

Description : How does a touch tone receiver differs from pulsed dial receiver? Explain with schematic.

Last Answer : Pulse dialing: 1. Generated through make and break contact. 2. DC Current pulse is generated. 3. Each number is separated by a short pause to prevent overlapping. 4. Codes ... dialing pulse is not misinterpreted as the phone being returned to its on-hook (idle) condition.   

Discuss different Routing plan adopted in a Telephone network.

Description : Discuss different Routing plan adopted in a Telephone network.

Last Answer : Hierarchical networks are capable of handing heavy traffic where required, and at the same time use minimal number of trunk groups. Three methods are used for deciding on the route for a ... selection methods can be implemented. Computer based routing is a standard feature in data networks.  

Discuss briefly subscriber loop system. Give some technical specification for subscriber lines.

Description : Discuss briefly subscriber loop system. Give some technical specification for subscriber lines.

Last Answer : Subscriber Loop System: Every subscriber in a telephone network is connected generally to the nearest switching office by means of a dedicated pair of wires. Subscriber loop refers to this pair of wires. It is un ... 1. Diameter of wire 2. D.C. resistance per Km 3. Attenuation per Km 

What is Traffic Engineering? Define the term busy hour, traffic intensity and grade of service.

Description : What is Traffic Engineering? Define the term busy hour, traffic intensity and grade of service.

Last Answer : Traffic engineering provides the basis for analysis and design of telecommunication network to carry a given traffic at a particular loss probability. It provides a means to determine the quantum of common equipments ... A0  Where  A= offered traffic  A0 = carried traffic  A-A0= lost traffic    

Explain topology method used in LAN technology in detail.

Description : Explain topology method used in LAN technology in detail.

Last Answer : LAN Topologies: Network topology is a physical schematic which shows interconnection of the many users. There are four basic topologies as under: (i) Direct Connection or one to all topology ( ... temporarily, inserting the new node and then reestablishing the complete ring path.

List all seven layer of OSI model and describe function of application layer.

Description : List all seven layer of OSI model and describe function of application layer.

Last Answer : The layers of OSI model are as follows:  (1) The Physical Layer: This defines an interface in terms of the connections, voltage levels and data rate, in order for signals to ... with the applications programs needed. Examples include electronic mail, word processing, banking transactions, etc.  

Find the total number of link L having five entities? Explain differences between folded and non-folded network.

Description : Find the total number of link L having five entities? Explain differences between folded and non-folded network.

Last Answer : Folded network: When all the inlets/outlets are connected to the subscriber lines, the logical connection appears as shown in Fig. In this case, the output lines are folded back to the input ... non-folded network to be non-blocking, the network should support N simultaneous switching paths.  

Explain simple telephone communication system with circuit and equation of current flow in microphone?

Description : Explain simple telephone communication system with circuit and equation of current flow in microphone?

Last Answer : Simple Telephone Communication: In the simplest form of a telephone circuit, there is one way communication involving two entities, one receiving (listening) and the other transmitting (talking).   ... carrier wave in AM system. The quantity m is equivalent to the modulation index in AM. 

Explain crossbar exchange, with all call processing steps and diagrams

Description : Explain crossbar exchange, with all call processing steps and diagrams

Last Answer : The basic idea of crossbar switching is to provide a matrix of n x m sets of contacts with only n + m activators or less to select one of the n x m sets of contacts. This form of ... a contact is established at the cross point 6 such that the subscriber B is connected to the subscriber C. 

What are the advantages and disadvantages of packet switching over circuit switching?

Description : What are the advantages and disadvantages of packet switching over circuit switching?

Last Answer : The comparison of packet switching and circuit switching showing advantages and disadvantages of packet switching over circuit switching is given below:

What is a Modem? What is the need of MODEM in data communication? Explain at least one modulation technique used for high speed modems.

Description : What is a Modem? What is the need of MODEM in data communication? Explain at least one modulation technique used for high speed modems.

Last Answer : Modems are essentially used to interface digital circuits to transmit information on analogue channels like telephone systems. Modem (from modulator-demodulator) is a device that modulates an analogue carrier ... caused by the lines makes the detection even harder than amplitude modulation.   

What are the advantages of CCS over in-channel signalling?

Description : What are the advantages of CCS over in-channel signalling?

Last Answer : The advantages of CCS over in-channel signalling are listed below: a. Information can be exchange between the processors much more rapidly than when channel associated signaling is used. b ... for functions other than call processing, for example for maintenance or network management purposes. 

Explain the CCITT hierarchical structure of switching and routing using block schematic.

Description : Explain the CCITT hierarchical structure of switching and routing using block schematic.

Last Answer : Hierarchical network are capable of handing heavy traffic where required, and at the same time use minimal number of trunk groups. A 5-level switching hierarchy is recommended by CCITT as ... A strictly hierarchical network suffers from serious drawback i.e. its poor fault tolerance future.

Through two block diagrams explain the difference between Space division and time division switching.

Description : Through two block diagrams explain the difference between Space division and time division switching.

Last Answer :  Space and Time Switching: Space Switches: Connections can be made between incoming and outgoing PCM highways by means of a cross point matrix of the form shown in Fig. However, different channels of ... of the speech store, whose contents are read out and sent over the outgoing highway.  

Show how finite state machine model helps in designing a switching system and give a typical example.

Description : Show how finite state machine model helps in designing a switching system and give a typical example.

Last Answer : Switching system basically belongs to the class of finite state machines (FSM) which are asynchronous in nature and follows a sequential logic for their operation. They can be modeled by ... circuits and memory elements. Clocked synchronous operation shown in Fig. overcome such problems.  

Explain the architecture of SS7 and compare with seven-layer OSI architecture.

Description : Explain the architecture of SS7 and compare with seven-layer OSI architecture.

Last Answer : A block schematic diagram of the CCITT no. 7 signaling system is shown in fig. Signal messages are passed from the central processor of the sending exchange to the CCS system. This consists of the microprocessor based ... part (TUE), the data user part(DUP) and the (ISDN) user part (ISDN-UP).  

What is centralized SPC, what are its modes of operation; explain the working of any one of these?

Description : What is centralized SPC, what are its modes of operation; explain the working of any one of these?

Last Answer : In centralized control, all the control equipment is replaced by a single processor which must be quite powerful. It must be capable of processing 10 to 100 calls per second, depending on ... The shared secondary storage need not be duplicated and simple unit level redundancy would suffice.  

Compare electromechanical switching system with electronic switching system.

Description : Compare electromechanical switching system with electronic switching system.

Last Answer : Ans:

In a hundred-line exchange 24 two-motion selectors are used. Draw the schematic you suggest for this exchange and explain its working. How many simultaneous calls can be made during peak hour in this exchange?

Description : In a hundred-line exchange 24 two-motion selectors are used. Draw the schematic you suggest for this exchange and explain its working. How many simultaneous calls can be made during peak hour in this exchange?

Last Answer : The desired schematic for 100 lines exchange with 24 two motion selectors is shown in Fig.   In the case, 24 simultaneous calls can be put through the switch . Typically, a 24- ... selector. At the next step, the two-motion selector responds to the dial pulses for appropriate connection.

Explain the terms. (i) Register marker. (ii) Conditional selection.

Description : Explain the terms. (i) Register marker. (ii) Conditional selection.

Last Answer : (i) Register marker: Strowger selectors perform counting and searching. However, the crossbar switch has no intelligence'. Something external to the switch must decide which magnets to operate. This is ... are found to be free does it operate the switches. This is called Conditional Selection. 

Write short notes (i)Telephone hand set and it’s working. (ii) CPU based exchange

Description : Write short notes (i)Telephone hand set and it’s working. (ii) CPU based exchange

Last Answer : (i) A standard telephone set is comprised of a transmitter, a receiver, and electrical network for equalization, associated circuitry to control side tone levels and to regulate signal power, ... commands are designed to be of variable length necessitating the use of an end-of-command symbol