(4) Gondwana-land Explanation: The Indian subcontinent is a southerly region of Asia, mostly situated on the Indian Plate and projecting southward into the Indian Ocean. In paleogeography, Gondwana, originally Gondwanaland was the southernmost of two supercontinents that were part of the Pangaea supercontinent. It existed from approximately 510 to 180 million years ago. Gondwana included most of the landmasses in today's Southern Hemisphere, including Antarctica, South America, Africa, Madagascar and the Australian continent, as well as the Arabian Peninsula and the Indian subcontinent, which have now moved entirely into the Northern Hemisphere.