Explanation: Principle of operation: When a pressure or force or vibration applied to the crystalline material like quartz crystal or crystalline substances then an e.m.f. is generated across the material or vice versa.
Diagram:
Advantages:
These are active transducer i.e. they don’t require external power for working and are therefore self-generating. The high-frequency response of these transducers makes a good choice for various applications.
Disadvantages:
Temperature and environmental conditions can affect the behavior of the transducer.
They can only measure changing pressure hence they are useless while measuring static parameters.
Application:
1) It is used in under water detection system i.e. SONAR.
2) These are used in measurement of surface roughness in accelerometers and vibration picks ups.
3) It is used in ultrasonic flow meters, non-destructive test (NDT) equipment’s
4) Piezoelectric materials are use in ultrasonic transducers.