Description : Which one of the following is correct? (a) Lymph = Plasma + RBC + WBC (b) Blood = Plasma + RBC + WBC + Platelets (c) Plasma = Blood – Lymphocytes (d) Serum = Blood + Fibrinogen
Last Answer : (b) Blood = Plasma + RBC + WBC + Platelets
Description : A 35 year old male presents with weakness and tiredness. He is noted to be hyertensive. Electrolytes show a hypokalaemia and a hypomagnesaemia. What investigation would you select for this patient? ... Plasma renin toaldosterone ratio 3) Serum amylase 4) Serum calcium 5) Oral glucose tolerance test
Last Answer : Answers-2 The hypokalaemic hypertension with hypomagnesaemia suggests primary hyperaldosteronism. The most reliable assessment for this would be renin to aldosterone ratio.
Description : A 55 year-old female complaining of vague tiredness is found to have a serum corrected calcium concentration of 2.9 mmol/l. Examination was unremarkable. Which of the following results ... 4) Low normal plasma phosphate concentration 5) Low normal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration
Last Answer : Answers-3 Bit too easy really. A high or even normal PTH concentration in the presence of hypercalcaemia would support the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism. A high urinary Calcium concentration may ... but neither confirm the diagnosis. Elevated 1,25 VitD suggests a diagnosis of hypervitaminosis D.
Description : : DiGeorge syndrome and X-linked (Bruton) agammaglobulinemia differ in the a. Type of antibody produced by the immune system. b. Lymphocytes that the body fails to produce. c. Systems affected by the respective diseases. d. Type of hypersensitivity that ensues
Last Answer : c. Systems affected by the respective diseases.
Description : Serum if blood plasma minus its? A. Calcium ions B. Clotting proteins (Answer) C. Globulins D. none
Last Answer : B. Clotting proteins (Answer)
Description : Cell-mediated immunity is the function of (A) B lymphocytes (B) T lymphocytes (C) Plasma cells (D) Basophils
Last Answer : Answer : B
Description : Each of the following may contribute to formation of oedema EXCEPT C A. decreased plasma oncotic pressure increased intravascular hydrostatic pressure C. increased serum albumin D. decreased serum proteins
Last Answer : increased serum albumi
Description : Myeloma cells and lymphocytes can be fused by using (A) Calcium chloride (B) Ethidium bromide (C) Polyethylene glycol (D) DNA polymerase
Last Answer : Answer : C
Description : Characteristics of Vitamin D and its metabolites include which one of the following? (a) Act to decrease serum levels of calcium (b) Activation of their Vitamin D receptors increases cellular CAMP ... Vitamin D increase renal excretion of calcium (e) Vitamin D deficiency results in Pager's disease
Last Answer : Ans: C
Description : Passive artificial immunity occurs in the body when a/an _____ is injected into the body or when a developing fetus receives antibodies across the placenta. a. antibody-rich serum b. antigens c. haptens d. adjuvant
Last Answer : a. antibody-rich serum
Description : In an ELISA, the primary antibody represents a. The patient‘s serum. b. The antibody recognizing the secondary antibody. c. The enzyme-linked (labeled) antibody. d. The antibodies having been washed away.
Last Answer : b. The antibody recognizing the secondary antibody.
Description : The ‘free fatty acids’ (FFA) of plasma: (A) metabolically inert (B) mainly bound to β-lipoproteins (C) stored in the fat (D) mainly bound to serum albumin
Last Answer : Answer : D
Description : Increased serum alanine during fasting is due to (A) Breakdown of muscle proteins (B) Decreased utilization of non essential amino acids (C) Leakage of aminoacids to plasma (D) Impaired renal function
Last Answer : Answer : A
Description : Which one of the following is true of IgE? 1) Is present in plasma in the same concentration as IgG 2) Is increased acutely in an asthmatic attack 3) Crosses the normal placenta 4) Is increased in the serum of atopic individuals 5) Is involved in type 2 hypersensitivity
Last Answer : Answers-4 IgG is the predominant form of immunoglobulin in plasma at a concentration around 10,000 times that of IgE. IgG crosses the placenta to confer immunity to the fetus but IgE does ... frequently increased in those with atopy but serum IgE does not rise acutely during an asthmatic attack.
Description : Epithelioid cells within granulomas are derived from which of the following? B A. Plasma cells B. Macrophages C. Lymphocytes D. Neutrophils
Last Answer : Macrophages
Description : Each of the following regarding plasma cells is true EXCEPT: C A. The nuclei display prominent peripheral chromatin B. They are derived from B lymphocytes C. They contain prominent absorptive vacuoles D. None of these
Last Answer : They contain prominent absorptive vacuoles
Description : Epithelioid cells within granulomas are derived from which of the following? B A. Plasma cells B. Macrophages C. Lymphocytes D. None of these
Description : Early granulation tissue is BEST characterized by the presence of: C A. Plasma cells and macrophages B. T lymphocytes and eosinophils C. Capillary buds and fibroblasts D. None of these
Last Answer : Capillary buds and fibroblast
Description : Carbonic anhydrase occurs in (a) lymphocytes (b) blood plasma (c) RBCs (d) leucocytes.
Last Answer : (c) RBCs
Description : Which of the following elements is not found in normal periodontal membrane: A. Fibroblast B. Epithelial cells C. Erythrocytes D. Vest cells of malaise E. Inflammatory plasma cells and lymphocytes
Last Answer : C. Erythrocytes
Description : What is the histopathology of the pathogenesis of the plaque following 21 days of plaque accumulation: A. Primarily infiltrate of plasma cells B. Primarily infiltrate of lymphocytes C. Infiltrate of plasma cells and early bone involvement D. Infiltrate of neutrophils
Last Answer : C. Infiltrate of plasma cells and early bone involvement
Description : The function of lymphocytes is/are________ a. Production of heparin b. Production of antibodies c. Production of plasma d. Production of haemoglobin protein
Last Answer : b. Production of antibodies
Description : White blood cells are called: a) lymphocytes b) leucocytes c) plasma
Last Answer : ANSWER: B -- LEUCOCYTES
Description : Person with blood group AB is considered as universal recipient because he has (a) both A and B antigens on RBC but no antibodies in the plasma (b) both A and B antibodies in the plasma (c) no antigen on RBC and no antibody in the plasma (d) both A and B antigens in the plasma but no antibodies.
Last Answer : (a) both A and B antigens on RBC but no antibodies in the plasma
Description : Booster immunizations are used to raise the antibody level by stimulating the _____ cells to induce the secondary antibody response. a. helper T b. B c. memory d. plasma
Last Answer : c. memory
Description : Clonal selection includes a. Antigen-receptor binding on B cells. b. Antibody secretion recognizing same epitope as on B cell receptors. c. Differentiation of B cells into plasma cells and memory cells. d. All the above (A—C) are correct.
Last Answer : d. All the above (A—C) are correct.
Description : After operative removal of the parathyroid glands resulting into hypoparathyroidism the concentration of the serum calcium may drop below (A) 11 mg (B) 10 mg (C) 9 mg (D) 7 mg
Description : Normal total serum calcium level varies between (A) 4–5 mg (B) 9–11 mg (C) 15–20 mg (D) 50–100 mg WATER AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE 281
Description : The characteristic of hyperparathyroidism is (A) Low serum calcium (B) High serum phosphorous (C) Low serum calcium and high serum phosphorous (D) High serum calcium and low serum phosphate
Description : In Vitamin D poisoning (hyper-vitaminosis) (A) Both serum and urinary “Ca” (B) The serum Ca is low and urinary calcium high (C) The serum “Ca” is increased and urinary “Ca” is normal (D) Both serum and urinary “Ca” are low
Description : The product of serum calcium concentration (mg/dl) and serum inorganic phosphorous concentration (mg/dl) is decreased in (A) Rickets (B) Hypoparathyroidism (C) Hyperparathyroidism (D) Renal failure
Description : The product of serum calcium concentration (mg/dl) and serum inorganic phosphorous concentration (mg/dl) in children is about (A) 30 (B) 40 (C) 50 (D) 60
Description : The product of serum calcium concentration (mg/dl) and serum inorganic phosphorous concentration (mg/dl) in adults is about (A) 30 (B) 40 (C) 50 (D) 60
Description : An increase in carbohydrate metabolism is accompanied by temporary decrease in serum: (A) Calcium (B) Phosphate (C) Iron (D) Sodium
Description : A decrease in the ionized fraction of serum calcium causes (A) Tetany (B) Rickets (C) Osteomalacia (D) Osteoporosis
Description : The most useful test for the diagnosis of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis during the first few days is (A) Urinary lipase test (B) Serum calcium (C) Urinary amylase (D) Serum amylase
Description : Levels of serum calcium and inorganic phosphorus are increased in (A) Hypervitaminosis D (B) Hypoparathyroidism (C) Hypovitaminosis D (D) None of these
Description : An Afro-Carribean male aged 48 years presents with gradual onset of exertional dyspnoea, non productive cough, malaise, weight loss and polyarthralgia. Schirmers test indicates a dry eye. X-ray ... 2) Serum phosphorus 3) Urea and electrolytes 4) Thallium Scan 5) Quantitative Immunoglobulins.
Last Answer : Answers-4 This condition is sarcoidosis. Serum calcium, Serum phosphorus, Chem7 and Chem 20 and Quantitative Immunoglobulins are all used in establishing the diagnosis. Gallium scan is helpful in ... areas of poor perfusion. It is particularly used in cardiology to detect areas of ischaemia.
Description : Serum biochemistry of a 60 year old man revealed calcium of 1.98 mmol/l and phosphate of 0.55 mmol/l with an alkaline phosphatase of 450 IU/l.Which among the following mosts suits ... biochemistry? 1) Osteoporosis 2) Osteomalacia 3) Pagets Disease 4) Secondary Hyperparathyroidism 5) Renal failure
Last Answer : Answers-2 Osteomalacia is associated with low calcium and phosphate with raised alkaline phosphatase. Serum biochemistry is normal in osteoporosis. Pagets disease is associated with normal ... renal failure when tertiary hyperparathyroidism sets in there is low calcium with raised phosphate.
Description : Cromolyn has as its major action (a) Block of calcium channels in lymphocytes (b) Block of mediator release from mast cells (c) Block of phosphodiesterase in mast cells and basophils (d) Smooth muscle relaxation in the bronchi (e) Stimulation of cortisol release by the adrenals
Last Answer : Ans: B
Description : Explain the formation of lymphocytes. -Biology
Last Answer : answer:
Description : Assertion` :` Lymph is a colourless fluid containing specialised lymphocytes which are responsible for the immune responses of the body. Reason `:` Ex
Last Answer : Assertion` :` Lymph is a colourless fluid containing specialised lymphocytes which are responsible for the ... . If both Assertion & Reason are false.
Description : The cells which are responsible for the production of antibodies are – (1) red blood cells (2) neutrophils (3) lymphocytes (4) platelets
Last Answer : (3) lymphocytes Explanation: An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large Y-shaped protein produced by B-cells that is used by the immune system to identify and ... called antigens usually on the outside of an invading organism. This is called the antigen-antibody reaction.
Description : Which of these components of the blood is responsible for clotting - (1) R.B.C. (2) Lymphocytes (3) Monocytes (4) Platelets
Last Answer : (4) Platelets Explanation: Coagulation is the process by which blood forms clots. It is an important part of hemostasis, the cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel, wherein a ... begins almost instantly after an injury to the blood vessel has damaged the endothelium lining the vessel.
Description : The following are true about cell-mediated immunity: a. antigen-specific function is the role of the T-lymphocytes b. cell-mediated immunity can activate the complement system c. it is ... the delayed hypersensitivity reaction. d. Gamma interferon is an important mediator of B-cell activation.
Last Answer : cell-mediated immunity can activate the complement system
Description : Component of blood responsible for producing antibodies is (a) thrombocytes (b) monocytes (c) erythrocytes (d) lymphocytes
Last Answer : (d) lymphocytes.
Description : The cells which are responsible for the production of antibodies are (1) red blood cells (2) neutrophils (3) lymphocytes (4) platelets
Last Answer : lymphocytes
Description : Which of these components of the blood is responsible for clotting ? (1) R.B.C. (2) Lymphocytes (3) Monocytes (4) Platelets
Last Answer : Platelets
Description : In which antibody formation takes place? -Do You Know?
Description : Delayed allergy reaction (type IV allergic reaction) is: a) An An allergic or immune response that begins within a period lasting from a few minutes to about an hour after exposure to ... of antigen-antibody complexes that cause tissue damage e) An allergic disorder which is transferred genetically.