List characteristics of static data member and static member function.

1 Answer

Answer :

Characteristics of static member variable are: i) It is initialized to zero when the first object of its class is created. No other initialization is permitted. ii) Only one copy of that member is created for the entire class and is shared by all the objects of that class, no matter how many objects are created. iii) It is visible only within the class, but its lifetime is the entire program. iv) Static variables are normally used to maintain values common for all objects.

Characteristics of Static member function are: i)A static member function can only have access to other static data members and functions declared in the same class. ii)A static member function can be called using the class name with a scope resolution operator instead of object name as follows: class_name::function_name;

Related questions

Description : State characteristic of static data member. Explain why static data member must be defined outside the class. 

Last Answer : Characteristics of static data members: 1. It is initialized to zero when the first object of its class is created. No other initialization is permitted. 2. Only one copy of that member is created ... member(s) it is necessary to make static members global and re-declared outside of the class.

Description : Explain the need of static member function with example.

Last Answer : A static member function can have access to only other static members (functions or variables) declared in the same class. A static member function can be called using the class name as follows: class_name:: ... test::showcount(); -------------Call to static member function. }

Description : Explain static member function.

Last Answer : Static member function: - a static member function can have access to only other static variables or functions declared in the same class. It can be called using the class name instead of its object. It can be declared ... ; } static void showcount()----------------static member function { cout

Description : With example, describe use of static member function.

Last Answer : A static member function can have access to only other static members (functions or variables) declared in the same class. A static member function can be called using the class name as follows: class_name:: ... static void showcount()----------------//static member function { cout

Description : Write a program to declare class having data member as hrs, mins, secs. Write constructor to assign values and destructor to destroy values. Accept & display data for one object.

Last Answer : #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> class time { private: int hrs, mins,sec; public: time(int h,int m,int s) { hrs=h; mins=m; sec=s; } ~time() { cout<< hours ... } }; void main() { time t(2,43,56); t.display(); getch(); }

Description : How to define a member function outside the body of class? 

Last Answer : The user can declare member function outside the class with the help of scope resolution operator (::). The label class_name:: tells the compiler that the function_name belongs to the class class_name. ... In above example accept() member function of class student is defined outside of the class. 

Description : Describe syntax and use of defining member function outside class. Give one example.

Last Answer : Member function that is declared inside a class has to be defined separately outside the class. These member functions associate a membership identify label in the header. This label tells the ... ) A member function can call another member function directly, without using the dot operator. 

Description : List any six characteristics of OOP. Also list any two OOP languages.

Last Answer : Characteristics of OOP: 1) Emphasis is on data rather than procedure. 2) Programs are divided into objects. 3) Data structures are designed such that they characterize the objects. 4) Functions that operate on the data of ... 4) C++ 5) Ada 6) Object Pascal 7) Turbo Pascal 8) Eiffel 9) Java

Description : Why friend function is required? Give four characteristics of friend function.

Last Answer : Friend function: Private members of a class cannot be accessed from outside the class. A non-member function cannot have an access to the private data of a class. Sometimes, two classes may need to ... part of a class without affecting its meaning. 6. Usually it has the objects as the arguments.

Description : State any four characteristics of friend function.

Last Answer : Characteristics of friend function: 1. It is not in the scope of the class to which it has been declared as friend. 2. As it is not in the scope of the class, it cannot be called using the ... public or the private part of a class without affecting its meaning. 6. It has the objects as arguments.

Description : Differentiate between static binding and dynamic binding.

Last Answer : Sr. No. Static binding Dynamic binding 1 The linking of function call to function definition at compile time is known as static binding The linking of function call ... 5 Implemented with Function overloading and operator overloading Implemented with virtual function

Description : Write a program in C++ to declare a class measure having data members as add 1, add 2, add 3. Initialize the values of two data members using constructor and display their addition using function.

Last Answer : #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> class measure { public: int add1,add2,add3; measure(int a,int b) { add1=a; add2=b; } void cal() { add3=add1+add2; } void display() ... ;>a>>b; measure m1(a, b); m1.cal(); m1.display(); getch(); }

Description : Write down characteristics of object oriented programming.

Last Answer : Characteristics of object oriented programming are: Emphasis is on data rather than procedure. Programs are divided into objects. Data structures are designed such that they characterize the ... can be easily added whenever necessary. Follows bottom-up approach in program designing. 

Description : Write any four characteristics of constructor.

Last Answer : The constructor functions have some special characteristics. They should be declared in the public section. They are invoked automatically when the objects are created. They do not have return types ... They make 'implicit calls' to the operators new and delete when memory allocation is required.

Description : List features of procedure oriented programming.

Last Answer : Features of procedure oriented programming: 1. Emphasis is on doing things (algorithms). 2. Large program are divided into smaller programs known as functions. 3. Most of the functions share global ... transform data from one form to another. 6. Employs top -down approach in program design.

Description : List different types of inheritance with suitable diagram.

Last Answer : Types of inheritance: 1) Single inheritance: A derived class is derived from only one base class. Diagram: 2) Multiple inheritance: A derived class is derived from more ... ) Hybrid inheritance: Combination of single, multiple, multilevel and hierarchical inheritance.  Diagram:

Description : List various visibility modes used in inheritance.

Last Answer : Different visibility modes used in inheritance are: 1) Private 2) Protected 3) Public 

Description : Write a program to declare class student having data members name and percentage. Write constructor to initialize these data members. Accept and display this data for one object.

Last Answer : #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> #include<string.h> class student { char name[20]; float per; public: student(char n[],float p) { strcpy(name,n); per=p; } ... { student S("Sachin",78.00); clrscr(); S.putdata(); getch(); }

Description : Explain data encapsulation and data abstraction.

Last Answer : Data encapsulation: The wrapping up of data and function into a single unit (called class) is known as encapsulation. The data is not accessible to the outside world, and only those functions ... as they hold information. The functions that operate on these data are called as member functions.

Description : Write a program to implement single inheritance. Declare base class employee with Emp_No. and Emp_Name. Declare derived class fitness with height and weight. Accept and display data for one employee.

Last Answer : #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> class employee { protected: int emp_no; char emp_name[10]; public: void gete() { cout<< enter employee details ; cin>>emp_no; cin>> ... f.gete(); f.pute(); f.getft(); f.putft(); getch(); }

Description : Write a program to declare a class 'staff' having data members as name and department. Accept this data for 10 staffs and display names of staff that are in 'CO' department.

Last Answer : #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> #include<string.h> class staff {  char name[10], dept[10];  public:  void accept() { cout<<"Enter Name and Department:\t"; cin>> ... i=0;i<=10;i++) { s[i].display(); } getch(); }

Description : Implement single inheritance for following fig. Accept and display data for 1 table.

Last Answer : #include class furniture { protected: char material[20]; int price; }; class table :public furniture { int height ; float sur_area; public: void getdata() { coutmaterial; coutprice; coutheight; coutsur_area; } void putdata() { cout

Description : Implement a program to declare a class city with data members city name and state. Accept and display data for 1 object using pointer to object.

Last Answer : #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> class city { char city_name[20],state[20]; public: void accept() { cout<<"\nEnter city data:"; cout<<"\nName:"; ... ); ptr=&c; ptr->accept(); ptr->display(); getch(); }

Description : Explain data types in C++.

Last Answer : Primitive Built-in Types: C++ offer the programmer a rich assortment of built-in as well as user defined data types. Following table lists down seven basic C++ data types: Following table lists ... task. Pointer: It is a variable that stores address of another variable of similar data type.

Description : Write a program in C++ to declare a class „Journal‟ having data members as journal_nm, price, ISSN_No. Accept this data for two objects and display the name of the journal having greater price.

Last Answer : #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> class Journal { char journal_nm[20]; int ISSN_No; float price; public: void accept(); void display(Journal); }; void Journal::accept() { ... clrscr(); j1.accept(); j2.accept(); j1.display(j2); getch(); }

Description : Write a program in C++ to implement following inheritance. Assume suitable data.

Last Answer : #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> class employee { int empid; char empname[20]; public: void accept() { cout<<"\n enter empid, empname:"<<endl; cin>>empid>> ... m.acc1(); m.dis1(); w.acc2(); w.dis2(); getch(); }

Description : Define the following terms: (i) Data abstraction (ii) Class (iii) Dynamic binding (iv) Polymorphism

Last Answer : (i) Data abstraction: Abstraction refers to the act of representing essential features without including the background details or explanation. Data abstraction is the process of defining a data type, often ... more than one form at different instances depending on the type or number of arguments. 

Description : What is function? What is call by value? What is call by reference? What is the difference between them?

Last Answer : Function: A function is a group/set of statements/instruction that performs a specific task. It can be system defined i.e. clrscr(), getch(), or user defined i.e. add(), sub(). ... reflected inside as well as outside the function. Difference between Call by Value and Call by Reference:

Description : How to define virtual function? Give example.

Last Answer : A virtual function is a member function that is declared within a base class and redefined by a derived class. To define virtual function following syntax is used: Class baseclass { virtual function_name() { } ... } }; Example: #include class Base { public: virtual void show( ) { cout

Description : Explain how to pass object as function argument.

Last Answer : An object may be used as function arguments in two methods:- i) A copy of the entire object is passed to the function. ii) Only the address of the object is transferred to the function. 1) Pass-by-value Since a copy ... (int h, int m) { hours = h; minutes = m; } void puttime(void)  { cout

Description : What is pure virtual functions? Write down the rules used for pure virtual function.

Last Answer : A pure virtual function is a function which is declared in a base class and which does not have definition relative to the base class. In such cases, the compiler requires each derived class to either ... A class containing pure virtual functions cannot be used to declare any objects of its own.  

Description : Write a program to show object as function argument. 

Last Answer : #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> #include<string.h> class objarg  { char str[10]; public: void get() { cout<<"\n Enter a Message"; cin>>str; } void ... clrscr(); o1.get(); o2.copy(o1); o2.display(); getch();  }

Description : What is the need of virtual function? Explain with example.

Last Answer : When base class and its derived class both contain same name and prototype member function then derived class function overrides base class function. Base class pointer is used to refer member functions of its ... Program/Example: #include class Base { public: virtual void show( ) { cout

Description : Polymorphism is implemented using function overloading. Justify the statement.

Last Answer : Polymorphism is a mechanism that allows a developer to have more than one function with same name but different signature. In function overloading, one can make use of more than one function with different signature as well. Hence ... main()  { int a[10],i,isum; float b[5],fsum; clrscr(); cout

Description : Explain concept of function overriding with example.

Last Answer : Function Overriding:- When derived class defines same name function, as defined in its base class then it is called as function overriding. In this a function in the derived class overrides the inherited function. Example : #include #include class Base { public: void Display() { cout

Description : How do we invoke a constructor function?

Last Answer : A constructor is invoked automatically when an object of its class is created. Example: class ABC { public: ABC( ) { } }; void main( ) { ABC obj; } In the above example, creating „obj‟ object automatically invokes constructor ‟ABC ( )‟.

Description : Write a program to calculate area of circle and area of rectangle using function overloading. 

Last Answer : #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> float area(float a) { return (3.14*a*a); } int area(int p,int q) { return(p*q); } void main() { clrscr(); cout< ... ;<<area(6); cout<<"Area of Rectangle:"<<area(5,6); getch(); }

Description : Differentiate between function definition inside and outside the class

Last Answer : Sr. No Inside function definition Outside function definition  1 A member function of a class is defined inside the class. A member function of a class is declared inside class and as defined outside the ... }; void item :: getdata(int a, float b) { number = a; cost = b; }

Description : Explain object as a function argument using following points with suitable example: (i) Pass by value (ii) Pass by reference

Last Answer : (i) Pass by Value: When an object is passed by value to a function, a copy of that object is created and changes are reflected on the copy object not on original object. Example: #include #include class Example { int x; public: Example(int a)  {  x=a;  }  void print()  { cout

Description : Write a program to demonstrate the use of pure virtual function.

Last Answer : Consider the following example where parent class provides an interface to the base class to implement a function called getArea() as pure virtual function: #include // Base class class Shape { protected: int ... ; Rect.setWidth(5); Rect.setHeight(7); // Print the area of the object. cout

Description : Explain friend function. Give example.

Last Answer : Friend function: The private members of a class cannot be accessed from outside the class but in some situations two classes may need access of each other s private data. So a common function can be declared which can be made friend of ... xyz x1; a1.get1(); x1.get1(); add(a1,x1); }

Description : Explain the concept of virtual function with example.

Last Answer : Virtual Function: A virtual function is a member function that is declared within a base class and redefined by its derived class. When base class and its derived class both contain same name member function then ... pointer. Example: #include class Base { public: virtual void show( ) { cout

Description : Write a program in C++ to overload a „volume‟ function to calculate volume of cube and rectangular box. 

Last Answer : #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> void volume(float); void volume(float, float, float); void main() { float a, length, width, height; clrscr(); cout<<"\n ... width*height; cout<<"\n Volume of a rectangular box is:"<<v; }

Description : With suitable example, describe use of virtual function in polymorphism.

Last Answer : In order to achieve polymorphism, objects belonging to different classes should be able to respond to the same message at different instances which initiates the use of single pointer variable to refer to objects of ... void accept() { coutroll; coutname; } virtual void display() { cout

Description : Write a program which concate and reverse string by using pointer to string.

Last Answer : #include #include void main()  { char str1[20], str2[20], rev[20],*p1,*p2; int cnt=0; clrscr(); coutstr2;  p1=&str1[0];  p2=&str2[0]; while(*p1!='\0')  { p1++;  } while(*p2!='\0')  { *p1=*p2; p1++; p2++;  }  *p1='\0'; cout

Description : What is constructor? How user can declared constructor in derived class? Explain with example.

Last Answer : Constructor:- Constructor is a special member function which has same name as a class name and is used to initialize object during compile time of program. Declaring constructor in derived class If a base class contains a ... derived d(2,5); d.displaybase(); d.display(); getch(); }

Description : What is polymorphism? Enlist different types of polymorphism. What are the differences between them?

Last Answer : Polymorphism: It is a feature of object oriented programming which allows a programmer to have a more than one function having same name but different /same parameters but performs different/ ... Compile Time polymorphism o Virtual Function Difference between Types of Polymorphism:

Description : Write a program which perform arithmetic operation using pointer.

Last Answer : #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> void main() { int num[5]={56,75,22,18,90}; int ptr; int i; cout<< array elements are:: ; for(i=0;i<5;i++) ptr=num; cout<< ... 3; cout<< value of ptr+=3:: <<*ptr; cout<< \n ; getch(); }

Description : What is structure? How user declare structure? Give example.

Last Answer : Structure is a collection of different data types written under a common name. It is a user defined data type. To Define a structure following Syntax is use:- struct structure_name { data_type variable 1; data_type ... () {  Person p1; cout>p1.name; cout> p1.age; cout> p1.salary; cout

Description : What is copy constructor? Explain with example.

Last Answer : Copy constructor: The copy constructor is a constructor which creates an object by initializing it with an object of the same class, which has been created previously. The copy constructor is used to: ... ; // Copy constructor is called here // Let us access values assigned by constructors cout