Description : The premises provide conclusive grounds for the conclusion in ----------- argument. A) Inductive B) Deductive C) Fallacious D) Intuitive
Last Answer : B) Deductive
Description : Both premises and conclusion of an argument are _______. A) Commands B) Propositions C) Exclamations D) Questions.
Last Answer : B) Propositions
Description : A deductive argument is sound if and only if it is A) valid and all its premises are true B) invalid and all its premises are true C) is valid and one of the premise is false D) is valid and its conclusion is false.
Last Answer : A) valid and all its premises are true
Description : If it is possible for the premises of a deductive argument to be true and its conclusion to be false, that argument is A) Valid B) Invalid C) Indescribable D) Sound.
Last Answer : B) Invalid
Description : The falsehood of a valid deductive argument’s conclusion guarantees that A) the argument is sound B) atleast one of the premise is false C) premises are true D) the validity is uncertain.
Last Answer : B) atleast one of the premise is false
Description : The relationship between premises and conclusion in a deductive argument is--. A) Cause-Effect B) Analytic-Synthetic C) A priori-A posterior D) Implication-Entailment.
Last Answer : D) Implication-Entailment.
Description : Propositions which supports the conclusion of an argument are called A) Inferences B) Premises C) Terms D) Concepts.
Last Answer : B) Premises
Description : The premises of a valid deductive argument: (A) Provide some evidence for its conclusion (B) Provide no evidence for its conclusion (C) Are irrelevant for its conclusion (D) Provide conclusive evidence for its conclusion
Last Answer : (D) Provide conclusive evidence for its conclusion
Description : From two ________ premises no conclusion is possible. A) universal B) affirmative C) negative D) categorical
Last Answer : C) negative
Description : Two_______ premises yield no valid conclusion. A) universal B) particular C) affirmative D) categorical.
Last Answer : B) particular
Description : That term which occurs in the premises and not in the conclusion is A) Major term B) Minor term C) Copula D) Middle term.
Last Answer : D) Middle term.
Description : In induction, reasoning proceeds to a conclusion that is ---------- to the scope of its premises. A) confined B) not confined C) narrow D) restricted.
Last Answer : B) not confined
Description : That proposition which is affirmed on the basis of premises is called A) Term B) Concept C) Idea D) Conclusion.
Last Answer : D) Conclusion.
Description : A valid deductive argument with true premises is called a ------ argument. A) sound B) unsound C) fallacious D) dilemma.
Last Answer : A) sound
Description : A single ------ is enough to prove the inductive conclusion false. A) intuition B) Assumption C) counter-example D) concept.
Last Answer : C) counter-example
Description : In inductive reasoning the conclusion is -------. A) Probable B) Certain C) Definite D) Predictable.
Last Answer : A) Probable
Description : Given below are some characteristics of logical argument. Select the code which expresses a characteristic which is not of inductive in character. (A) The conclusion is claimed to follow from ... conclusively follows from its premises. (D) The conclusion is based on observation and experiment
Last Answer : (C) The conclusion conclusively follows from its premises.
Description : When the conclusion of an argument follows from its premise/premises conclusively, the argument is called (A) Circular argument (B) Inductive argument (C) Deductive argument (D) Analogical argument
Last Answer : (C) Deductive argument
Description : The following argument: “ All mammals have wings. All reptiles are mammals. Therefore all reptiles have wings ”. A) Inductive B) invalid C) sound D) Valid.
Last Answer : D) Valid.
Description : The following argument: Aristotle is human and mortal. Bacon is human and mortal. Castro is human and mortal. Descartes is human and mortal. Therefore all humans are mortal. is an example ... ---- argument. A) Deductive B) Inductive C) Syllogistic D) Deduction-Induction combined.
Last Answer : B) Inductive
Description : Validity or Invalidity may be predicated of ---------. A) Deductive arguments B) propositions C) terms D) concepts.
Last Answer : A) Deductive arguments
Description : Select the code which is not correct : An analogical argument is strengthened by (A) increasing the number of entities. (B) increasing the number of similar respects. (C) reducing the claim made earlier stronger. (D) making the conclusion stronger when premises remain unchanged.
Last Answer : (D) making the conclusion stronger when premises remain unchanged.
Description : Choose the right code: A deductive argument claims that: I. The conclusion does not claim something more than that which is contained in the premises. II. The conclusion is supported by the premise/premises conclusively. III. If ... (A) I and II (B) I and III (C) II and III (D) All the above
Last Answer : Answer: A
Description : Discovering a new ------- is permissible in inductive reasoning. A) cause B) effect C) assumption D) evidence.
Last Answer : D) evidence.
Description : An analogical argument is strengthened by (A) making the claim bolder while its premises remain unchanged. (B) reducing the claim made on the basis of the premises affirmed. (C) remaining the claim unchanged ... the evidence in its support is found to exhibit greater frailty. (D) None of the above.
Last Answer : (B) reducing the claim made on the basis of the premises affirmed.
Description : __________ fallacy occurs when a term is used in two different meanings in the syllogism. A) Undistribute middle B) Two negative premises C) Equivocation D) Illicit major.
Last Answer : C) Equivocation
Description : That cannot advance beyond the scope of its premises is A) Induction B) Material logic C) Deduction D) Dilemma.
Last Answer : C) Deduction
Description : Which form of reasoning is the process of drawing a specific conclusion from a set of premises? a. Rationalism b. Deductive Reasoning c. Inductive Reasoning d. Probabilistic
Last Answer : b. Deductive Reasoning
Description : A syllogism is form of mediate _________ inference. A) deductive B) inductive C) intuitive D) fallacious.
Last Answer : A) deductive
Description : A syllogism is a form of ___________ inference. A) mediate B) immediate C) intuitive D) inductive.
Last Answer : A) mediate
Description : Inductive logic is also known as A) Formal logic B) Model logic C) Material logic D) Sentential logic
Last Answer : C) Material logic
Description : An advantage of inductive reasoning is A) to sustain existing beliefs B) to formulate valid arguments C) to create aesthetic sense D) to frame future expectations.
Last Answer : D) to frame future expectations.
Description : Inductive method is identified with A) Religious activity B) Scientific activity C) Moral activity D) Aesthetic activity.
Last Answer : B) Scientific activity
Description : Inductive arguments are properly characterised as A) valid-invalid B) strong-weak C) definite-indefinite D) certain-uncertain.
Last Answer : B) strong-weak
Description : “All men are selfish No apes are men Therefore no apes are selfish”. The above argument commits the fallacy of A) Undistributed middle B) Illicit major C) Illicit minor D) Ambiguous minor
Last Answer : B) Illicit major
Description : A dilemma is complex when the conclusion is __________ proposition. A) implicative B) categorical C) disjunctive D) negative
Last Answer : C) disjunctive
Description : A dilemma is simple when the conclusion is__________ proposition. A) disjunctive B) implicative C) negative D) categorical
Last Answer : D) categorical
Description : If one premise is particular the conclusion must be_________. A) Universal B) Negative C) Affirmative D) Particular.
Last Answer : D) Particular.
Description : If one premise is negative the conclusion must be________. A) Negative B) Positive C) Both negative and positive D) Neither negative nor positive.
Last Answer : A) Negative
Description : A ___________ is a mixed syllogism whose major premise is a disjunctive propositions and whose minor premise and conclusion are categorical propositions. A) Categorical syllogism B) Hypothetical syllogism C) Disjunctive syllogism D) Dilemma.
Last Answer : C) Disjunctive syllogism
Description : A syllogism in which the major premise is a hypothetical proposition, the minor and the conclusion are categorical propositions is a_______. A) Categorical syllogism B) Hypothetical syllogism C) Disjunctive syllogism D) Dilemma.
Last Answer : B) Hypothetical syllogism
Description : A _________ is a form of syllogism determined by the qulity and quantity of the three constituent propositions. A) Mood B) Figure C) Middle termed D) Conclusion.
Last Answer : A) Mood
Description : The fallacy occurs when the minor term which is not distributed in the minor premise but distributed in the conclusion is A) Ambiguous minor B) Undistributed middle C) Equivocation D) Illicit minor.
Last Answer : D) Illicit minor.
Description : The fallacy occurs when the major term which is not distributed in the major premise but distributed in the conclusion is A) Ambiguous major B) Undistributed middle C) Illicit major D) Equivocation.
Last Answer : C) Illicit major
Description : ____________ is a fallacy which occurs when in a syllogism the minor term means one thing in the minor premise and quite another in the conclusion. A) Fallacy of ambiguous major B) Fallacy of ambiguous minor C) Fallacy of ambiguous middle D) Fallacy of undistributed middle.
Last Answer : B) Fallacy of ambiguous minor
Description : ____________ is a fallacy which occurs when a syllogism uses its major term in one sense in the premise and in a different sense in the conclusion. A) Fallacy of ambiguous major B) Fallacy of ambiguous minor C) Fallacy of ambiguous middle D) Fallacy of undistributed middle
Last Answer : A) Fallacy of ambiguous major
Description : The minor term is the _______________. A) subject of the conclusion B) predicate of the conclusion C) subject of the major premise D) predicate of the major premise.
Last Answer : A) subject of the conclusion
Description : The major term is the _______________. A) subject of the conclusion B) copula C) predicate of the conclusion D) predicate of the minor premise.
Last Answer : B) copula
Description : The process of passing directly from a single proposition to a conclusion is A) Immediate inference B) Mediate inference C) Definition D) Classification.
Last Answer : A) Immediate inference
Description : Given below are some characteristics of reasoning. Select the code that states a characteristic which is not of deductive reasoning: (A) The conclusion must be based on observation and experiment ( ... must follow from the premise/premises necessarily (D) The argument may be valid or invalid
Last Answer : (A) The conclusion must be based on observation and experiment