Describe the various outgrowths of seed.

Describe the various outgrowths of seed.
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Ans: The outgrowths of seed are Caruncle and Aril.

Caruncle: It is developed from integumentary cells of micropylar region. It is spongy and helps in absorbing water during seed germination. It is seen in Euphorbiaceae members. Ex: Ricinus communis

Aril: It is outgrowth of seed developed from funiculus or hilum. It is considered as third integument. It is dissected and completely surrounds the seed in Myristica. It is commonly called as mace and is used as spice. In Pithecalobium, it is edible and spongy. 
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