(i) A private landlord: Industrialization created the number of job opportunities in cities which attracted the population towards the urban areas. The existence of a large population means that there would be greater number of individuals in need of a place to stay. This increased demand for places of residence is profitable for private landlords who can then rent out rooms at high rates. So, when people migrated to the city in large number, the private landlords took full advantage of the situation. They charged heavy rents exploiting the situation. Thus, they were profited due to the existence of a large urban population (ii) A Police Superintendent in charge of law and order: The existence of a large urban population means that there will be increased cases of crimes, social conflict and rebellion. Police were responsible for maintaining the law and order. So, when London flourished, crime also grew rapidly. The police were bothered about law and order. To get rid of its criminals, activities were watched, and their life were examined. In order to control the crime: • The authorities imposed high penalties for crime. • They offered work to those who were considered the deserving poor (iii) A leader of a political party: Large urban population implies the simultaneous presence of several social problems, such as problems of housing, food, water, etc. These issues become political issues when they are taken up by political parties. Large urban population implies the simultaneous presence of several social problems, such as problems of housing, food, water, etc. These issues become political issues when they are taken up by political parties. When poor workers in London demanded relief from the terrible conditions of poverty but the marchers were brutally suppressed by the police in 1887. This episode came to be known as the Bloody Sunday of November 1887. Again two years later, thousands of London's dock workers went on strike and marched through the city. This proved that a political leader was active only at the time of need and is dormant rest of the time. The demands of poor and needy fell on the deaf ears of the political leaders. They made all possible efforts to suppress the protests.