(a) mountainous regions Cause: Lack of trees lead to loosening of soil which gets washed away due to rainfall and wind Remedy: Afforestation (b) Steep slopes and plateaus Cause: Lack of trees lead to loosening of soil which gets washed away due to rainfall and wind Remedy: Afforestation (c) Coastal areas Cause: caused by hydraulic action, abrasion, impact and corrosion by wind, water, and other forces, natural or unnatural. Remedy: Reduce human interference (d) Desert areas Cause: Desert areas are largely affected by winds as there is little vegetation to hold the soil. Remedy: Change land-use pattern and reduce overgrazing and conversion into agricultural lands. (e) River plains Causes: Pollution of river bodies, encroachment of river banks Remedy: Prevent urbanisation very close to river bodies, prevent dumping of wastes into the river bodies.