The societies will witness the demographic transition, shifting of population, degradation of environment and water scarcity. (i) Water scarcity to pose the greatest challenge on account of its increased demand coupled with shrinking supplies due to over utilisation pollution. (ii) Water is a cyclic resource with abundant supplies on the globe. About 71 % of the earth’s surface is covered with it but freshwater constitutes only 3% of the total water. Small proportion of fresh water is effectively for human use. (iii) The availability of fresh water varies over space and time. The tension and disputes on sharing and control of this scare resource are becoming contested issues among communities, regions and states. (iv) India accounts 16% of world’s population, 2.45% of world surface and 4% of water resources. This dearth of utilizable water has been cause of several disputes in India at local, state and national levels. There is conflict on issues like social structure. (v) Rivers of Northern India has surplus water and rigorous flow face flood situation whereas in Southern India, rivers have perennial flow concentrated in the monsoon months leading to water scarcity during rest of year