The essential problems caused due to the growth of large cities are : Unemployment: When people migrate to the cities, they do not find appropriate jobs and add to the problems of unemployment in the cities. The rural folks are generally unskilled, illiterate, hardly willing to work in the agricultural fields. They are often thrown out . of the villages as surplus labor force due to mechanization of agriculture. Pollution: The haphazard and uncontrolled growth of cities had led to unprecedented environmental pollution including pollution of air, water and land within the cities and in areas surrounding them. Growth of Slums and Squatter Settlement: Unplanned and haphazard growth of urban areas is the cause of spread of slums and squatter settlements. Urban Sprawl: As the cities grow in size, they encroach upon the surrounding areas and areal expansion takes place. Almost all the cities are grown at the expense of surrounding agricultural land thus reducing the scope of agricultural activities.