Don’t get caught up in the skin color factor of racism. Humans will always find some attribute of others that allows them to marginalize the others into an inferior place in society. Immigration, skin color, language, manners, IQ, and on and on. How do these things exist? It’s protection. There’s always an “us” and a “them.” We trust us, but are fearful of not-us.We attribute all kinds of sins to “not-us.” They are the ones causing all the problems in the world. How can this happen? Humans have an animal nature. They respond instinctively in threat situations. They make rash generalizations based on very little experience, or even on hearsay. “Isms” are not based on any kind of rational thought. They are based on the shortcuts built into our brains. These shortcuts allow us to make instant decisions about other people. Since people rely on their “gut feelings” to make decisions far more than any rational person would like to admit, this kind of grouping of people happens, and we identify these groups based on spurious differences. How can racism exist? It’s so easy. It’s like falling off a log. To learn how to judge people based on facts—that’s tough. But using indicators like skin color—that’s easy! And wrong.