answer:“What makes astronomers believe life ”out there” has to adhere to the perimeters of here, being Earth?” Nothing. In fact, many people have hypothesized just that. However, we know that the conditions on Earth have produced life, and in fact intelligent life, so it gives us something to begin looking for. There are scientists that specialize in the study of extremophiles, which are microorganisms that thrive in environments that heretofore have been recognized as “unliveable” – the insides of volcanoes, or extreme pressure environments many miles underwater, or even in liquid asphalt. The study of these extremophiles may inform the search for extraterrestrial microorganisms, as well.