answer:That “That” is a great word. It has so many uses. The best way would be to explain it in terms of parts of speech. “That” can be a pronoun, adjective, adverb, or conjunction. 1. Pronoun “that” – “That is my favorite car”. “It is the one that I want”. In the first sentence, it’s being used as a demonstrative pronoun—in the second, it’s a relative pronoun. 2. Adjective “that” – “That car is too expensive”. In this sentence, it’s being used as a demonstrative adjective, to signify something farther away than “this” does (generally). 3. Adverb “that” – “This car is not that expensive”. In this sentence, “that” is an adverb that modifies the adjective “expensive”, with the meaning of “to such an extent”. 4. Conjunction “that” – “We went to the store so that I could buy a new shirt”. In this sentence, “that” introduces a subordinate clause, often expressing purpose, aim, or result. Keep in mind that relative pronoun “that” and conjunction “that” can often be omitted in English. Gerund The gerund is a verbal noun, formed with ”-ing”. It turns a verb into a noun. A gerund can then be used in any situation that a noun can: subject, direct object, indirect object, object of preposition, etc. The gerund form of the verb “walk” is “walking”. So it now can be turned into a noun and used in various ways, such as: 1. Walking is my favorite form of exercise (subject). 2. I hate walking. (Object) 3. We always talk about walking, but we never do it (object of preposition), etc.