Which problem can frequently occur in backward chaining algorithm?

a) Repeated states

b) Incompleteness

c) Complexity

d) Both Repeated states & Incompleteness

1 Answer

Answer :

d) Both Repeated states & Incompleteness

Related questions

Description : Which algorithm will work backward from the goal to solve a problem? a) Forward chaining b) Backward chaining c) Hill-climb algorithm d) None of the mentioned

Last Answer : b) Backward chaining

Description : Which algorithm are in more similar to backward chaining algorithm? a) Depth-first search algorithm b) Breadth-first search algorithm c) Hill-climbing search algorithm d) All of the mentioned

Last Answer : a) Depth-first search algorithm

Description : What will backward chaining algorithm will return? a) Additional statements b) Substitutes matching the query c) Logical statement d) All of the mentioned

Last Answer : b) Substitutes matching the query

Description : Which makes the complexity of the entire algorithm quadratic in the size? a) Clause b) Inference c) Resolution d) Occur check

Last Answer : d) Occur check

Description : How many possible sources of complexity are there in forward chaining? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

Last Answer : c) 3

Description : There are primarily two modes for an inference engine: forward chaining and backward chaining. a) True b) False

Last Answer : a) True

Description : Forward chaining systems are _____________ where as backward chaining systems are ___________ a) Goal-driven, goal-driven b) Goal-driven, data-driven c) Data-driven, goal-driven d) Data-driven, data-driven

Last Answer : c) Data-driven, goal-driven

Description : In a backward chaining system you start with the initial facts, and keep using the rules to draw new conclusions (or take certain actions) given those facts. a) True b) False

Last Answer : b) False

Description : Which is mainly used for automated reasoning? a) Backward chaining b) Forward chaining c) Logic programming d) Parallel programming

Last Answer : c) Logic programming

Description : Define backward chaining.

Last Answer : This algorithm works backward from the goal, chaining through rules to find known facts that support the proof.

Description : A perceptron is a ______________ a) Feed-forward neural network b) Backpropagation algorithm c) Backtracking algorithm d) Feed Forward-backward algorithm

Last Answer : a) Feed-forward neural network

Description : Which data structure is used to give better heuristic estimates? a) Forwards state-space b) Backward state-space c) Planning graph algorithm d) None of the mentioned

Last Answer : c) Planning graph algorithm

Description : A perceptron is a ——————————–. a) Feed-forward neural network b) Back-propagation algorithm c) Back-tracking algorithm d) Feed Forward-backward algorithm e) Optimal algorithm with Dynamic programming

Last Answer : a) Feed-forward neural network

Description : Which is omitted in prolog unification algorithm? a) Variable check b) Occur check c) Proposition check d) Both Occur & Proposition check

Last Answer : b) Occur check

Description : Reasoning strategies used in expert systems include ............... (A) Forward chaining, backward chaining and problem reduction (B) Forward chaining, backward chaining and boundary ... chaining, backward chaining and back propagation (D) Backward chaining, problem reduction and boundary mutation

Last Answer : (A) Forward chaining, backward chaining and problem reduction

Description : How the new states are generated in genetic algorithm? a) Composition b) Mutation c) Cross-over d) Both Mutation & Cross-over

Last Answer : d) Both Mutation & Cross-over

Description : What is the major component/components for measuring the performance of problem solving? a) Completeness b) Optimality c) Time and Space complexity d) All of the mentioned

Last Answer : d) All of the mentioned

Description : Write the time & space complexity associated with depth limited search.

Last Answer : Time complexity =O (bd) ,  b-branching factor,  d-depth of tree Space complexity=o (bl)

Description : For general graph, how one can get rid of repeated states? a) By maintaining a list of visited vertices b) By maintaining a list of traversed edges c) By maintaining a list of non-visited vertices d) By maintaining a list of non-traversed edges

Last Answer : a) By maintaining a list of visited vertices

Description : Which knowledge base is called as fixed point? a) First-order definite clause are similar to propositional forward chaining b) First-order definite clause are mismatch to propositional forward chaining c) All of the mentioned d) None of the mentioned

Last Answer : a) First-order definite clause are similar to propositional forward chaining

Description : Which condition is used to cease the growth of forward chaining? a) Atomic sentences b) Complex sentences c) No further inference d) All of the mentioned

Last Answer : c) No further inference

Description : Forward chaining systems are ............. where as backward chaining systems are ................ (A) Data driven, Data driven (B) Goal driven, Data driven (C) Data driven, Goal driven (D) Goal driven, Goal driven

Last Answer : (C) Data driven, Goal driven 

Description : Which approach is to pretend that a pure divide and conquer algorithm will work? a) Goal independence b) Subgoal independence c) Both Goal & Subgoal independence d) None of the mentioned

Last Answer : b) Subgoal independence

Description : What can operate over the joint state space? a) Decision-making algorithm b) Learning algorithm c) Complex algorithm d) Both Decision-making & Learning algorithm

Last Answer : d) Both Decision-making & Learning algorithm

Description : Which search algorithm will use limited amount of memory? a) RBFS b) SMA* c) Hill-climbing search algorithm d) Both RBFS & SMA*

Last Answer : d) Both RBFS & SMA*

Description : __________ algorithm translates a planning problem in to prepositional axioms. a) GraphPlan b) SatPlan c) Greedy d) None of the mentioned

Last Answer : b) SatPlan

Description : Which algorithm is used to solve any kind of problem? a) Breadth-first algorithm b) Tree algorithm c) Bidirectional search algorithm d) None of the mentioned

Last Answer : b) Tree algorithm

Description : A search algorithm takes _________ as an input and returns ________ as an output. a) Input, output b) Problem, solution c) Solution, problem d) Parameters, sequence of actions

Last Answer : b) Problem, solution

Description : Which values are independant in minimax search algorithm? a) Pruned leaves x and y b) Every states are dependant c) Root is independant d) None of the mentioned

Last Answer : a) Pruned leaves x and y

Description : A genetic algorithm (or GA) is a variant of stochastic beam search in which successor states are generated by combining two parent states, rather than by modifying a single state. a) True b) False

Last Answer : a) True

Description : __________ algorithm keeps track of k states rather than just one. a) Hill-Climbing search b) Local Beam search c) Stochastic hill-climbing search d) Random restart hill-climbing search

Last Answer : b) Local Beam search

Description : Computational learning theory analyzes the sample complexity and computational complexity of __________ a) Unsupervised Learning b) Inductive learning c) Forced based learning d) Weak learning

Last Answer : b) Inductive learning

Description : Which will solve the conjuncts of the rule so that the total cost is minimized? a) Constraint variable b) Conjunct ordering c) Data complexity d) All of the mentioned

Last Answer : b) Conjunct ordering

Description : The main idea of Bidirectional search is to reduce the time complexity by searching two way simultaneously from start node and another from goal node. a) True b) False

Last Answer : a) True

Description : The time and space complexity of BFS is (For time and space complexity problems consider b as branching factor and d as depth of the search tree.) a) O(bd+1) and O(bd+1) b) O(b2) and O(d2) c) O(d2) and O(b2) d) O(d2) and O(d2)

Last Answer : a) O(bd+1) and O(bd+1)

Description : What is the space complexity of Depth-first search? a) O(b) b) O(bl) c) O(m) d) O(bm)

Last Answer : d) O(bm)

Description : n(log n) is referred to A. A measure of the desired maximal complexity of data mining algorithms B. A database containing volatile data used for the daily operation of an organization C. Relational database management system D. None of these

Last Answer : A. A measure of the desired maximal complexity of data mining algorithms

Description : Computational learning theory analyzes the sample complexity and computational complexity of a) Unsupervised Learning b) Inductive learning c) Forced based learning d) Weak learning e) Knowledge based learning

Last Answer : b) Inductive learning

Description : Where does the Bayes rule can be used? a) Solving queries b) Increasing complexity c) Decreasing complexity d) Answering probabilistic query

Last Answer : d) Answering probabilistic query

Description : What are the two main features of Genetic Algorithm? a) Fitness function & Crossover techniques b) Crossover techniques & Random mutation c) Individuals among the population & Random mutation d) Random mutation & Fitness function

Last Answer : a) Fitness function & Crossover techniques

Description : A process that is repeated, evaluated, and refined is called __________ a) diagnostic b) descriptive c) interpretive d) iterative

Last Answer : d) iterative

Description : The network that involves backward links from output to the input and hidden layers is called _________ a) Self organizing maps b) Perceptrons c) Recurrent neural network d) Multi layered perceptron

Last Answer : c) Recurrent neural network

Description : What is the other name of the backward state-space search? a) Regression planning b) Progression planning c) State planning d) Test planning

Last Answer : a) Regression planning

Description : What is the main advantage of backward state-space search? a) Cost b) Actions c) Relevant actions d) All of the mentioned

Last Answer : c) Relevant actions

Description : The network that involves backward links from output to the input and hidden layers is called as ____. a) Self organizing maps b) Perceptrons c) Recurrent neural network d) Multi layered perceptron

Last Answer : c) Recurrent neural network

Description : The goodness of an algorithm is most often expressed in terms of its  (1) Best Case complexity (2) Average Case complexity (3) Worst Case complexity (4) Random case complexity

Last Answer : A

Description : What are the requirements to understand Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems?

Last Answer : answer:My familiarity with the theorem is mostly from Douglas Hofstadter's book, Godel, Escher, Bach The book gets a little too cute at times, but for the most part I enjoyed it. According to Hofstadter, ... a good introduction. I can't help you much if you want to get into the low level details.

Description : What are the implications of Gödel's Incompleteness Theorem?

Last Answer : I had an emotional reaction to the theorem when I encountered it. It seems, in an almost poetic way, to demand from science a deeper wisdom than that found by mathematical proof.

Description : An algorithm A is admissible if ___________ a) It is not guaranteed to return an optimal solution when one exists b) It is guaranteed to return an optimal solution when one exists c) It returns more solutions, but not an optimal one d) It guarantees to return more optimal solutions

Last Answer : b) It is guaranteed to return an optimal solution when one exists