Seed Formation: - Ripened ovule after fertilization is called seed. The seeds are the embryos of flowering plants in dormant stage. Seeds provide protection and nourishment to the embryo. A seed has three parts: -
i) Seed Coat: - Outmost covering is called testa and inner layer is called tegmen. Testa and tegmen form seed coat.
ii) The Embryo: - Embryo is developed from zygote through mitosis It has three parts: -
a. A radicle is an embryonic bud which grows to form the stem.
b. A plumule is an embryonic bud which grows to form the root.
c. One or two Cotyledons store the food of endosperm in some seeds and become thick.
iii) Endosperm: - It is a food storing tissue when food is not stored in the cotyledons.
Fruit Formation: -
After fertilization ovary wall becomes fleshy or scaly and forms fruit. Fruit protect seed and help in dispersal of the plant.