(a) BIT and BYTE
Bit: -the computer works with binary numbers, which are 0 and 1. Each binary digit is called a “bit”. Bit is the short for binary integer. It is the smallest piece of data used by the computer.
Byte: -the combination of eight bits is called a “Byte”. One byte represents one alphabetic, numeric and alphanumeric character.
(b) RAM and ROM
RAM:- RAM stands for Random access memory. it is also called as primary memory or main memory. It is the high-speed memory. The computer can access any location of this memory extremely fast. It can read or write at any location of this memory in 100 millionth of a second.
Ram cannot store the data or instructions permanently. When the computer is turned off, all programs and data are erased from the RAM. It is a temporary storage unit also called as the volatile memory.
ROM:- ROM stands for read only memory. The instructions written in ROM can only be read but cannot be changed or deleted. It is not possible to write new information or instructions into the ROM. Unlike RAM; ROM stores data and instructions permanently. When the power is turned off, the instructions stored in ROM are not lost.
(c) Epidemic and endemic
Epidemic: -this terminology is usually concerned with the increased cases of bad happening especially in the case of diseases and crimes. It basically explains the increased cases of a particular disease happening at the same time in a particular community. For example, flu epidemic while
Endemic: - it explains the condition that is regularly found in a particular area or particular group of people and it is difficult to get rid of it. Something that is very localized. Markhor is endemic to khunjerab
(d) Photosynthesis and respiration
Respiration: - it is one of the most important metabolic activities of all organisms, which occurs at two levels: the organism and cellular level. Organismic respiration is also called breathing or ventilation while in cellular respiration cell utilizes oxygen, produces CO2 , extracts and conserves the energy from food molecules by combustion in the form of ATP.
Photosynthesis: - it is the reverse of respiration, which involves the synthesis of carbohydrates with the help and water and carbon dioxide in the presence of light and chlorophyll.
Photosynthesis is the characteristic feature of autotrophic plants and not found in heterotrophic organisms. Plants use CO2 and eliminate O2 into the environment.
Respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy
Photosynthesis: 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2 (e)
Herbivores and carnivores
Herbivores: - the animals that depend totally on plants or plant material for their food are called herbivores. Examples include rabbits, squirrels, cattle etc.
Carnivores: -the animals that depend on other animals for their food and eat flesh as their food are called as the carnivores. Such animals have the adaptive characters so that they may predate and tear the flesh easily. Examples include cat, dog, lion, tiger etc. Herbivores and carnivores constitute the food chain of a particular community.