a). Lava and Magma
Molten rock, when it is still beneath the earth's surface is Magma, and "lava" after it has erupted.
b). Ultraviolet and infrared
Ultraviolet :
Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 4,000 nm, the wavelength of violet light, and 150 nm, the length of X-rays. (The nanometre, nm, equals a millionth of a millimetre).
Natural ultraviolet radiation comes from the Sun, and artificial ultraviolet radiation comes from electric-arc lamps (Electric Arc).
Infrared :
Electromagnetic radiation in the portion of the spectrum just beyond the red portion of visible light. The wavelengths of infrared radiation are shorter than radio wavelengths and longer than those of light.
c). Fault and Fold
Fault :
The line of fracture along which one section of the Earth’s crust displace relative to another section, as a result of vertical or horizontal movement of earth.
Fold :
In geology, bends in layered, or stratified rocks. Most stratified rocks were originally sediments laid down as horizontal or near-horizontal layers, or beds. However, not only have they solidifed, but they are usually inclined, or dip, in one direction or another, and they have been tilted.
d). Caustic Soda and Caustic Potash
Caustic Soda:
A common name for sodium hydroxide strongly alkaline caustic used in manufacturing soap and paper and aluminum and various sodium compounds
Caustic Potash
It is potassium hydroxide, often used in agriculture and industry
e). S.E.M. and T.E.M.
S.E.M. :
Scanning electronic microscope an electronic microscope that produces a three-rdimensional image, allowing the surface stucture of a specimen to be examined.
T.E.M.:
Transmission electronic microscope.