Why the tapings are placed on HV side?

1 Answer

Answer :

1.A fine voltage regulation is possible with hV side as it has large number of turns.
2.LV side carries large current
3. HV side is placed outside so its feasible
4. In case of step down transformer at light loads the HV side voltage increases, it is required to decrease this voltage by adjusting tappings on HV . With large no. of turns the flux and flux density decreases. Hence core losses decreases results in higher efficiency.

Related questions

Description : Why SC test is generally performed on HV side of a transformer?

Last Answer : The rated current is less on HV side. This will also permit to use ammeter and wattmeter of lower current range.

Description : In transformers, why the low voltage winding is placed near the core?

Last Answer : The winding & Core are both made of metals and so an insulation have to be placed in between them, the thickness of insulation depends on the voltage rating of the winding. In order to reduce the insulation requirement the low voltage winding place near the core.

Description : Why the tap changers are always connected to HV side of the transformer? 

Last Answer : During tap changing action the load current has to be shifted from one tap to another tap. In case HV wining the load current will be less. Hence lesser arcing will take place. 

Description : Why in transformer the LV CB also be tripped along with HV CB for a primary side fault?

Last Answer : Auxiliary transformer 415v delta star transformer, if HV CB alone tripped then back feeding from LV side (say DG runs parallel with transformer)—arcing voltage at the fault on primary—fault fed for more time – more damage.  

Description : Why REF is now is used for HV side also in GT/SUT?

Last Answer : The E/F setting of differential is poor.  

Description : If we give 2334 A, 540V on Primary side of 1.125 MVA step up transformer, then what will be the Secondary Current, If Secondary Voltage=11 KV?

Last Answer : A. As we know the Voltage & current relation for transformer-V1/V2 = I2/I1 We Know, VI= 540 V; V2=11KV or 11000 V; I1= 2334 Amps. By putting these value on Relation540/11000= I2/2334 So,I2 = 114.5 Amps

Description : In a Tap changing transformer on which side is the tap connected, primary side or secondary side?

Last Answer : A. Tapings are always connected to high voltage winding side, because of low current. If we connect tapings to low voltage side, sparks will produce while tap changing operation due to high current.

Description : Why OC test is generally performed on LV side of a transformer?

Last Answer : The high-voltage side is generally kept open because the current in high-voltage winding is less compared to that on low-voltage winding.The LV side has higher current so that maximum no load current can be measured.

Description : Why to calculate equivalent impedance referred to primary or secondary side?

Last Answer : Equivalent impedance is essential to be calculated because the electrical power transformer is an electric power system equipment, for estimating different parameters of electric power system ... referred to primary or equivalent circuit of transformer referred to secondary sides respectively.

Description : Booster transformer should never: a) Have fuse in the HV winding b) Be left open circuited c) Be left closed circuited d) None of the above

Last Answer : Ans: B

Description : Mention the various tests carried out in a circuit breaker at HV labs.

Last Answer : Short circuit tests, Synthetic tests& direct tests.

Description : What is the purpose of HV / leakage current test on stator?  

Last Answer : This is to find out weakness in the stator winding. If the ambient conditions are right, and the insulation is weak, the leakage current will increase non-linearly.  The record of voltage ... current. In HV test starting leakage current should be more than switching off current in μ Amps. 

Description : What is the DC HV test voltage range?

Last Answer : 1.7* 1.5* rated voltage.

Description : What are the transformer losses?

Last Answer : Answer: TRANSFORMER LOSSES - There are mainly two kinds of losses in a transformer namely 1. Copper loss (ohmic loss) and 2.magnetic loss (core loss). Copper losses are caused by the ... ohmic loss the following two losses are also present in the transformer stray load loss and dielectric loss.

Description : Why Silica gel is used in transformers?

Last Answer : Silica Gel is used to remove the moisture in the air entering in to the transformer. During the breathing of the transformer air enters in to the transformer. This air makes contact with the hot ... Silica gel crystals will be in blue color initially and after absorbing moisture it turns to pink.

Description : What are the conditions for parallel operation of two transformers ?

Last Answer : Transformers which are to be operated parallel should have to satisfy the following conditions: Polarities of both the transformers should be same else lead to short circuit Voltage rating of ... Phase displacement of transformers should be same Phase sequence of two transformers should be same

Description : At what power maximum efficiency of power transformer and distribution transformer is designed

Last Answer : Maximum efficiency of the transformer is attained at certain load factor (α) when core losses of transformer is equal to the copper losses. PCore loss = α ^2 X PCopper loss From the ... the day. Hence distribution transformers are designed to have maximum efficiency at 50% of the rated full load

Description : What happen when Transformer is given DC supply ?

Last Answer : When DC supply is given to the transformer primary winding no back emf is induced in the transformer. Importance of Back emf is that it limits the current drawn by the machine. In the absence ... in burning down of primary winding. So when dc supply is given to transformer primary windings will burn

Description : During No load why the power factor of the transformer is very low ?

Last Answer : Current flowing through the transformer consists of two components. Magnetizing current (Im) which is in quadrature (90 0 ) to the applied voltage and in phase current which is in phase to the applied voltage ... power factor of transformer during no load condition will by in the order of 0.1 to 0.2

Description : What is the significance of vector grouping in Power Transformers?

Last Answer : Answer:Every power transformer has a vector group listed by its manufacturer. Fundamentally it tells you the information about how the windings are connected (delta or wye) and the phace difference betweent ... Delta primary, Wye Secondry and the current is at 11 o clock reffered to the voltage.

Description : What is the supply rated o/p if two single phase transformer connect to give three phase o/p from a three phase I/p?

Last Answer : A. Each transformer is only capable of supplying 86.6%of its o/p rating

Description : How to connect two single phase transformer to give three phase o/p from a three phase I/p ?

Last Answer : A. They would have to connect in an open-delta.

Description : What advantage has the star connection over the delta connection ?

Last Answer : A. Each star connection transformer is wound for only 57.7% of line voltage . In hv transmission, this admits of much smaller transformer being built for high voltage than possible with delta connection, because of less insulation.

Description : What is the advantage is obtained in the delta connection ?

Last Answer : A. When three transformer are obtained in delta, one may be removed and two remaining unit will carry 57.7% of the original three phase load and thus maintain the continuity of supply.

Description : What is the 3 ph transformer ?

Last Answer : A. A 3ph transformer is that transformer which is equivalent to three single phase transformer but wound on one core and enclosed within one common case.

Description : What parameters or technical particulars are important to be considered while designing protection scheme of the transformer?

Last Answer : 1.Network Diagram showing the position of the transformer in the system 2.kVA or MVA rating of the transformer 3.Fault Level at the transformer 4.Voltage Ratio 5.Winding Connections 6.Per Unit ... Oil Filled 11.Length and area of cross section of the connecting leads between CTs and Relay Panel

Description : What can be the reasons for the failure of the transformer?

Last Answer : Answer: Transformer is one of the most expensive equipments in the Power System. Failure of the transformer can cause outage of power supply for even days. However, multiple things can go wrong with ... relays. 3.Short Circuits 4.Open Circuits 5.Earth Faults 6.Over Voltage 7.Reduced system frequency

Description : How Transformer Protection provided for internal faults?

Last Answer : 1.Bucholz Relay (1st Stage Alarm and 2nd Stage Trip) 2.Sudden Pressure Relay (1st Stage Alarm and 2nd Stage Trip) 3.Pressure Relief Valve (1st Stage Alarm and 2nd Stage Trip) 4.Pressure Switch ... 8.Gas Temperature Indicator (Alarm) 9.Silicon Breather (Passive - no alarm) 10.Smoke Detector (Alarm)

Description : What are the tests done to minimize internal faults?

Last Answer : 1.Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA): Faults due to arcing, high current breakdown of oil, localized sparking, partial discharge of oil, localized overheating or hot spots, etc. causes ... Over current relays with under voltage blocking 6.Zero sequence protection. 7.Negative phase sequence protection

Description : What are the reasons for Oil degradation?

Last Answer : 1.Degradation 2.Oxidation 3.Contamination a) Dielectric breakdown voltage indicates the presence of electrically conductive contaminants in oil. b) Interfacial tension and acid number (sometimes called ... c) Water content is temperature dependent. d) Power factor is also temperature dependent.

Description : How does change in frequency affect the operation of a given transformer?

Last Answer : a) Iron loss .........increases with a decrease in frequency. A 60-Hz transformer will have nearly 11% higher losses when worked on 50Hz instead of 60 Hz. However, when a 25-Hz ... ....since total loss is greater at a lower frequency, the temperature is increased with decrease in frequency.

Description : What effects are produced by change in voltage?

Last Answer : a) Iron loss.........varies approximately as V2. b) Cu loss.........it also varies as V2 but decreases with an increase in voltage if constant kVA output is assumed. c ... ..for constant kVA output, iron temperatures increase whereas Cu temperatures decrease with increase in voltages and vice-versa.

Description : Does the transformer draw any current when its secondary is open?

Last Answer : Yes, no-load primary current.

Description : In practice, what determines the thickness of the laminate or stampings?

Last Answer : Frequency.

Description : How can eddy current loss be minimized?

Last Answer : By laminating the core.

Description : Mention the factors on which hysteresis loss depends?

Last Answer : (i) Quality and amount of iron in the core (ii) Flux density and (iii) Frequency.

Description : How is magnetic leakage reduced to a minimum in commercial transformers?

Last Answer : By interleaving the primary and secondary windings.

Description : What are the conditions for parallel operation of two transformers ?

Last Answer : Transformers which are to be operated parallel should have to satisfy the following conditions: Polarities of both the transformers should be same else lead to short circuit Voltage rating of ... Phase displacement of transformers should be same Phase sequence of two transformers should be same

Description : WHAT is ZIG ZAG Grounding Transformer

Last Answer : ANSWER: Three Single Phase Transformers can be connected to have a three phase Zig Zag Transformer. This system can be used for either grounding or developing a fourth WIRE from a three phase neutral. An example ... - three phase - three wire system to a 480Y/277 V - three phase - four wire system

Description : Can Transformers be Reconnected as Autotransformers to Increase Their KVA Rating?

Last Answer : ANSWER: Several of standard single phase transformers can be connected as autotransformers. The KVA capacity will be greatly increased when used as an Autotransformer, in comparison to the ... This voltage is normally used for operating fluorescent lamps or similar devices requiring 277 volts

Description : What is BIL and How Does it Apply to our Transformers ?

Last Answer : ANSWER: BIL is an abbreviation for Basic Impulse Level. Impulse tests are dielectric tests that consist of the applica¬tion of a high frequency steep wave front voltage between windings ... breakdowns when his system is properly protected with lightning arrestors or similar surge protection devices.

Description : Why is Impedance Important?

Last Answer : ANSWER: It is used for determining the interrupting capacity of a circuit breaker or fuse employed to protect the primary of a transformer

Description : What is Meant by "Impedance" in Transformers?

Last Answer : ANSWER: Impedance is the current limiting characteristic of a transformer and is expressed in percentage.

Description : Is One Insulation System Better Than Another?

Last Answer : ANSWER: Not necessarily. For example: Small fractional KVA transformers use the class 105°C insulation system, which is 55°C rise. The class 150°C insulation system, which is 80° C rise, ... transformer, observing these temperature limits, should have a life expectancy of approximately 20-25 years.

Description : What is Meant by Insulation "Class"?

Last Answer : ANSWER: Insulation class was a popular way of referencing insulating materials in their ability to sustain long life while operating at different temperatures. Since it Is difficult and at times confusing to describe ... E, B, F & H; it is better to describe insulation as "insulation systems".

Description : What is Meant by Temperature Rise in a Transformer?

Last Answer : ANSWER: Temperature rise in a transformer is the temper¬ature of the windings and insulation above the existing ambi¬ent or surrounding temperature, and is determined by the insulation class used in the transformer coils.

Description : What is Meant by Regulation in a Transformer?

Last Answer : ANSWER: Voltage regulation in transformers is the difference between the no load voltage and the full load voltage. This is usually expressed in terms of percentage. For example: A transformer delivers 100 ... from 2% to 4%, depending on the size and the application for which they are used

Description : Can 60 Hz Transformers be Used at Higher Frequencies?

Last Answer : A: Transformers can be used at fre¬quencies above 50 Hz up through 400 Hz with no limitations provided nameplate voltages are not exceeded. However, 50 Hz transformers will have less voltage ... Where better regulation and smaller physical size are required, contact us for special 400 Hz designs.

Description : What is Polarity, When Associated With a Transformer?

Last Answer : A: Polarity is the instantaneous voltage obtained from the primary winding in relation to the secondary winding. Transformers 600 volts and below are normally connected in additive polarity - that ... parallel for three phase operations. Polarity is a term used only with single phase transformers

Description : During No load why the power factor of the transformer is very low ?

Last Answer : A. Current flowing through the transformer consists of two components. Magnetizing current (Im) which is in quadrature (900) to the applied voltage and in phase current which is in phase to the applied voltage ... factor of transformer during no load condition will by in the order of 0.1 to 0.2