The main cause of global climatic change is – (1) increase in the content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (2) emissions of industrial gases (3) adding of dust (4) changes in plant cover

The main cause of global climatic change is – (1) increase in the content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (2) emissions of industrial gases (3) adding of dust (4) changes in plant cover
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(1) increase in the content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere Explanation: Our ever increasing addiction to electricity from coal burning power plants eleases enormous amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. 40% of U.S. CO2 emissions come from electricity production, and burning coal accounts for 93% of emissions from the electric utility industry. Every day, more electric gadgets flood the market, and without widespread alternative energy sources, we are highly dependent on burning coal for our personal and commercial electrical supply.
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The main cause of global climatic change is (1) increase in the content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (2) emissions of industrial gases (3) adding of dust (4) changes in plant cover

Description : The main cause of global climatic change is (1) increase in the content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (2) emissions of industrial gases (3) adding of dust (4) changes in plant cover

Last Answer : increase in the content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Pick out the wrong statement. (A) Catalytic converter is fitted in automobiles to reduce carbon monoxide concentration in exhaust emissions (B) Inhalation of pollutant carbon monoxide results in death by asphyxiation (C) Sulphur dioxide is the main pollutant emitted from the exhaust of petrol driven automobiles (D) Decomposition of plants containing chlorophyll is a natural source of carbon monoxide in atmosphere

Description : Pick out the wrong statement. (A) Catalytic converter is fitted in automobiles to reduce carbon monoxide concentration in exhaust emissions (B) Inhalation of pollutant carbon monoxide results ... D) Decomposition of plants containing chlorophyll is a natural source of carbon monoxide in atmosphere

Last Answer : (C) Sulphur dioxide is the main pollutant emitted from the exhaust of petrol driven automobiles

India's contribution to total global carbon dioxide emissions is about: (A) ~15% (B) ~3% (C) ~6% (D) ~10%

Description : India's contribution to total global carbon dioxide emissions is about: (A) ~15% (B) ~3% (C) ~6% (D) ~10%

Last Answer : Answer: C

Global climate change is being attributed to the atmospheric increase in what two gases produced by human activities? w) ozone and methane x) nitrous oxide and sulfur dioxide y) methane and carbon dioxide z) ozone and carbon monoxide

Description : Global climate change is being attributed to the atmospheric increase in what two gases produced by human activities? w) ozone and methane x) nitrous oxide and sulfur dioxide y) methane and carbon dioxide z) ozone and carbon monoxide

Last Answer : ANSWER: Y -- METHANE AND CARBON DIOXIDE 

Global climate change is being attributed to the atmospheric increase in what two gases produced by human activities? w) oxygen and hydrogen x) ozone and methane y) nitrous oxide and sulfur dioxide z) methane and carbon dioxide e) ozone and carbon monoxide

Description : Global climate change is being attributed to the atmospheric increase in what two gases produced by human activities? w) oxygen and hydrogen x) ozone and methane y) nitrous oxide and sulfur dioxide z) methane and carbon dioxide e) ozone and carbon monoxide

Last Answer : ANSWER: Z -- METHANE AND CARBON DIOXIDE

Which of the following gases cause global warming? (A) Carbon monoxide (B) Carbon dioxide (C) Nitrogen (D) Ozone

Description : Which of the following gases cause global warming? (A) Carbon monoxide (B) Carbon dioxide (C) Nitrogen (D) Ozone

Last Answer : (B) Carbon dioxide

The effect of increase in carbon dioxide level of the atmosphere and its profound effect on our climate is called the(A) Catalytic conversion(B) Green house effect(C) Global warming(D) Both (B) and (C)

Description : The effect of increase in carbon dioxide level of the atmosphere and its profound effect on our climate is called the (A) Catalytic conversion (B) Green house effect (C) Global warming (D) Both (B) and (C)

Last Answer : (D) Both (B) and (C)

(3) Oxides of nitrogen and sulphur Explanation: Acid rain is caused by emissions of oxides of Sulfur and Nitrogen (Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxide), which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids. The emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) result from fossil fuel combustion.

Description : (3) Oxides of nitrogen and sulphur Explanation: Acid rain is caused by emissions of oxides of Sulfur and Nitrogen (Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxide), which react with the water molecules in the ... The emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) result from fossil fuel combustion.

Last Answer : (3) live wire and the neutral wire Explanation: Three wires enter most homes from the power pole-two "hot" wires and a third "neutral" wire. Each hot wire provides 120- volt current for ... the main switch is put off because the electric circuit (the path where the electricity travels) gets opened.

(2) oxides of nitrogen and sulphur Explanation: Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids.

Description : (2) oxides of nitrogen and sulphur Explanation: Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids.

Last Answer : Neuron is - (1) Fundamental unit of energy (2) Particle released in radioactive emission (3) Antiparbcle of neutron (4) Fundamental unit of nervous system

For short-term climatic predictions, which one of the following events, detected in the last decade, is associated with occasional weak monsoon rains in the Indian subcontinent? [IAS 2002] (a) La Nina (b) Movement of jet streams (c) El Nino and southern oscillations (d) Green-house effect on global level

Description : For short-term climatic predictions, which one of the following events, detected in the last decade, is associated with occasional weak monsoon rains in the Indian subcontinent? [IAS 2002] (a) La Nina ( ... of jet streams (c) El Nino and southern oscillations (d) Green-house effect on global level

Last Answer : Ans: (c)

Pick out the wrong statement. (A) Addition of methane to the furnace atmosphere reduces decarburising by hydrogen (B) Nitrogen in presence of steam decor-burises high carbon steel, whereas hydrocarbon gases carburise the surface of steel at annealing temperatures (C) Active nitrogen (formed by cracking ammonia at the metal surface) cause nitride formation with increase in surface hardness (D) None of these

Description : Pick out the wrong statement. (A) Addition of methane to the furnace atmosphere reduces decarburising by hydrogen (B) Nitrogen in presence of steam decor-burises high carbon steel, whereas hydrocarbon ... the metal surface) cause nitride formation with increase in surface hardness (D) None of these

Last Answer : (D) None of these

What does increase in carbon dioxide in atmosphere cause? -Do You Know?

Description : What does increase in carbon dioxide in atmosphere cause? -Do You Know?

Last Answer : answer:

What does increase in carbon dioxide in atmosphere cause?

Description : What does increase in carbon dioxide in atmosphere cause?

Last Answer : Rise in earth temperature

1. The pressure at the bottom of a liquid tank does not depend on which area? 2. ‘Chinaman’ refers to which game? 3. In human body, into which does the pancreas secretes its enzymes? 4. What does increase in carbon dioxide in atmosphere cause? 5. What is Apabhramsa?

Description : 1. The pressure at the bottom of a liquid tank does not depend on which area? 2. Chinaman' refers to which game? 3. In human body, into which does the pancreas secretes its enzymes? 4. ... is the frequency of tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal maximum? 20. By whom was Saka era founded?

Last Answer : Answer : 1. Area of the liquid surface 2. Cricket 3. Duodenum 4. Rise in earth temperature 5. A work of the Jains 6. English 7. Decreases 8. Rajkumari Amrit Kaur 9. North west 10. ... Australia 15. Kanishka 16. Carbon dioxide 17. Sir Edward Lutyens 18. Bengali 19. After summer 20. Kanishka

Trees play important roles in preventing global warming blank absorbing carbon dioxide and pumping water into the atmosphere?

Description : Trees play important roles in preventing global warming blank absorbing carbon dioxide and pumping water into the atmosphere?

Last Answer : Trees play an important role in global warming by absorbing carbon dioxide and pumping oxygen into the atmosphere.

What refers to the heating of the earth’s atmosphere not caused by direct sunlight but by infrared light radiated by the surface and absorbed mainly by atmospheric carbon dioxide?  A. Greenhouse effect  B. Global warming  C. Thermal rise effect  D. Ozone effect

Description : What refers to the heating of the earth’s atmosphere not caused by direct sunlight but by infrared light radiated by the surface and absorbed mainly by atmospheric carbon dioxide?  A. Greenhouse effect  B. Global warming  C. Thermal rise effect  D. Ozone effect

Last Answer : Greenhouse effect

A natural warming process involving the interaction of sunlight and carbon dioxide and other gases from the atmosphere

Description : A natural warming process involving the interaction of sunlight and carbon dioxide and other gases from the atmosphere

Last Answer : Ans. Green house effect

Look at the following gases: 1. Carbon dioxide 2. Helium 3. Nitrogen 4. Oxygen The two most abundant gases in the atmosphere are: (a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 4 (c) 3 and 4 (d) 1 and 4

Description : Look at the following gases: 1. Carbon dioxide 2. Helium 3. Nitrogen 4. Oxygen The two most abundant gases in the atmosphere are: (a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 4 (c) 3 and 4 (d) 1 and 4

Last Answer : Ans:(c)

The highest volume of gases in lower atmosphere is comprised of - (1) Hydrogen (2) Carbon dioxide (3) Oxygen (4) Nitrogen

Description : The highest volume of gases in lower atmosphere is comprised of - (1) Hydrogen (2) Carbon dioxide (3) Oxygen (4) Nitrogen

Last Answer : (4) Nitrogen Explanation: There are a number of atmospheric gases which make up air. In the lower atmosphere or troposphere, the main gases are nitrogen and oxygen, which make up 78% and 21% of the volume of air respectively. The remaining 1% of the atmospheric gases is made up of trace gases.

Oceans act as sinks for atmospheric gases including carbon dioxide whose concentration in the atmosphere is increased by the (A) Forestation (B) Rain (C) Green house effect (D) Vegetation

Description : Oceans act as sinks for atmospheric gases including carbon dioxide whose concentration in the atmosphere is increased by the (A) Forestation (B) Rain (C) Green house effect (D) Vegetation

Last Answer : (C) Green house effect

Here is an interesting question. Which might be the major factor responsible for the rise in carbon dioxide ("greenhouse gases") in our atmosphere?? (There is not likely to be much consensus as to the 'correct' answer. Think critically and objectively about this issue.)

Description : Here is an interesting question. Which might be the major factor responsible for the rise in carbon dioxide ("greenhouse gases") in our atmosphere?? (There is not likely to be much consensus as to the 'correct' answer. Think critically and objectively about this issue.)

Last Answer : The major source of carbon dioxide is likely coming from volcanoes, vents in our earth's crust, the oceans, and weathering of the earth's crust.

While many different gases are found in the atmosphere, a number do NOT contribute significantly to solar heating of the atmosphere. Which TWO of the following gases do NOT absorb much heat? w) carbon dioxide x) nitrogen y) water vapor z) oxygen

Description : While many different gases are found in the atmosphere, a number do NOT contribute significantly to solar heating of the atmosphere. Which TWO of the following gases do NOT absorb much heat? w) carbon dioxide x) nitrogen y) water vapor z) oxygen

Last Answer : ANSWER: X and Z -- NITROGEN and OXYGEN

Which one of the following green house gases has the shortest residence time in the atmosphere? (A) Chlorofluorocarbon (B) Carbon dioxide (C) Methane (D) Nitrous oxide

Description : Which one of the following green house gases has the shortest residence time in the atmosphere? (A) Chlorofluorocarbon (B) Carbon dioxide (C) Methane (D) Nitrous oxide

Last Answer : (C) Methane

The highest volume of gases in lower atmosphere is comprised of (1) Hydrogen (2) Carbon dioxide (3) Oxygen (4) Nitrogen

Description : The highest volume of gases in lower atmosphere is comprised of (1) Hydrogen (2) Carbon dioxide (3) Oxygen (4) Nitrogen

Last Answer : Nitrogen

Because less coal is consumed in this system, emissions of ______ and particulate and solid waste by products are reduced. a. Sulphur dioxide (SO2) b. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) c. Carbon dioxide (CO2) d. All of the above.

Description : Because less coal is consumed in this system, emissions of ______ and particulate and solid waste by products are reduced. a. Sulphur dioxide (SO2) b. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) c. Carbon dioxide (CO2) d. All of the above.

Last Answer : d. All of the above.

The point of ultra-supercritical steam generator is to save on coal to heat the water and reduce ________ emissions. a. Oxygen (O2) b. Water (H2O) c. Carbon dioxide (CO2) d. Both ‘a’ and ‘c’

Description : The point of ultra-supercritical steam generator is to save on coal to heat the water and reduce ________ emissions. a. Oxygen (O2) b. Water (H2O) c. Carbon dioxide (CO2) d. Both ‘a’ and ‘c’

Last Answer : c. Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Ozone layer is formed due to reactions of : (1) oxygen and ultraviolet rays (2) carbon dioxide and layers of atmosphere (3) cosmic rays and layers of atmosphere (4) infrared rays and ultraviolet rays

Description : Ozone layer is formed due to reactions of : (1) oxygen and ultraviolet rays (2) carbon dioxide and layers of atmosphere (3) cosmic rays and layers of atmosphere (4) infrared rays and ultraviolet rays

Last Answer : (1) oxygen and ultraviolet rays Explanation: Ozone in the Earth's stratosphere is created by ultraviolet light striking ordinary oxygen molecules containing two oxygen atoms (O2), splitting them into ... (atomic oxygen). The atomic oxygen then combines with unbroken O2 to create ozone (O3).

If there is no carbon dioxide in the earth's atmosphere, the temperature of earth's surface would be – (1) dependent on the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere (2) higher than the present (3) less than the present (4) the same

Description : If there is no carbon dioxide in the earth's atmosphere, the temperature of earth's surface would be – (1) dependent on the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere (2) higher than the present (3) less than the present (4) the same

Last Answer : (3) less than the present Explanation: If there is no carbon dioxide in the earth's atmosphere, the temperature of earth's surface would be less than the present because carbon emission in the atmosphere is one of the major causes of global warming.

A : EI Nino is a climatic change which causes deleterious environmental changes. R : Increased trophospheric ozone due to El Nino cause shift of clima

Description : A : EI Nino is a climatic change which causes deleterious environmental changes. R : Increased trophospheric ozone due to El Nino cause shift of clima

Last Answer : A : EI Nino is a climatic change which causes deleterious environmental changes. R : Increased trophospheric ... and Reason are false, then mark (4).

(4) To reduce greenhouse gases Explanation: The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty which extends the 19992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits State Parties to reduce green hourse gas emissions.

Description : (4) To reduce greenhouse gases Explanation: The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty which extends the 19992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits State Parties to reduce green hourse gas emissions.

Last Answer : The lustre of the metals is because of – (1) high density, due to closed packing of atoms (2) high polish (3) reflection of light due to the presence of free electrons (4) absorption of light due to the presence of cavities

A scrubber in the exhaust of a chemical industrial plant removes (a) gases like sulphur dioxide (b) particulate matter of the size 5 micrometer or above (c) gases like ozone and methane (d) particulate matter of the size 2.5 micrometer or less.

Description : A scrubber in the exhaust of a chemical industrial plant removes (a) gases like sulphur dioxide (b) particulate matter of the size 5 micrometer or above (c) gases like ozone and methane (d) particulate matter of the size 2.5 micrometer or less.

Last Answer : a) gases like sulphur dioxide

The large collection of Stars, dust and gas held together by gravitational attraction between components is known as - (1) Cluster (2) Atmosphere (3) Galaxy (4) Sun Family

Description : The large collection of Stars, dust and gas held together by gravitational attraction between components is known as - (1) Cluster (2) Atmosphere (3) Galaxy (4) Sun Family

Last Answer : (3) Galaxy Explanation: The term galaxy refers to a large collection of stars, dust, and gas clouds which are held together by gravitational attraction.

Increase in temperature due to excess of carbon dioxide in air which traps heat energy is known as _______ . a) global warming b)soot c)ash d)acid rain

Description : Increase in temperature due to excess of carbon dioxide in air which traps heat energy is known as _______ . a) global warming b)soot c)ash d)acid rain

Last Answer : a) global warming

'Green House Effect' means - (1) cultivation of crops in green house to conserve heat (2) trapping of solar energy due to carbon dioxide gases (3) trapping of solar energy by earth upper surface (4) increase of heat due to atmospheric pollution

Description : 'Green House Effect' means - (1) cultivation of crops in green house to conserve heat (2) trapping of solar energy due to carbon dioxide gases (3) trapping of solar energy by earth upper surface (4) increase of heat due to atmospheric pollution

Last Answer : (2) trapping of solar energy due to carbon dioxide gases Explanation: Green House Effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases and is re-radiated in all directions.

‘Green House Effect’ means (1) cultivation of crops in green house to conserve heat (2) trapping of solar energy due to carbon dioxide gases (3) trapping of solar energy by earth upper surface (4) increase of heat due to atmospheric pollution

Description : ‘Green House Effect’ means (1) cultivation of crops in green house to conserve heat (2) trapping of solar energy due to carbon dioxide gases (3) trapping of solar energy by earth upper surface (4) increase of heat due to atmospheric pollution 

Last Answer :  trapping of solar energy due to carbon dioxide gases

Pick out the correct statement. (A) Deforestation helps in controlling the green house effect (B) Global warming is detrimental for increase in food productivity and may cause flood and cyclone (C) Lightening discharges are natural source of production of SO2 & H2S pollutant (D) Sulphur dioxide causes death by asphyxiation

Description : Pick out the correct statement. (A) Deforestation helps in controlling the green house effect (B) Global warming is detrimental for increase in food productivity and may cause flood and cyclone ( ... natural source of production of SO2 & H2S pollutant (D) Sulphur dioxide causes death by asphyxiation

Last Answer : (B) Global warming is detrimental for increase in food productivity and may cause flood and cyclone

Water Hybrid Cars Increase Gas Mileage And Lower Carbon Emissions?

Description : Water Hybrid Cars Increase Gas Mileage And Lower Carbon Emissions?

Last Answer : Water hybrid vehicles still rely on gasoline as fuel. Water hybrid vehicles need an HHO, a hybrid hydrogen oxygen system. The HHO is a fuel cell that breaks water down into hydrogen and oxygen. ... Not only do water hybrid cars increase gas mileage, they clean out carbon from the exhaust gas.

Safe limit' called Threshold Limit Value (TLV) of carbon monoxide in atmospheric air is < 50 ppm. The main source of carbon monoxide pollutant in air is the (A) Industrial chimney exhaust (B) Automobiles exhaust (C) Photochemical reaction in polluted atmosphere (D) Burning of domestic fuel

Description : Safe limit' called Threshold Limit Value (TLV) of carbon monoxide in atmospheric air is < 50 ppm. The main source of carbon monoxide pollutant in air is the (A) Industrial chimney exhaust (B) Automobiles exhaust (C) Photochemical reaction in polluted atmosphere (D) Burning of domestic fuel

Last Answer : (B) Automobiles exhaust

What causes an increase in carbon dioxide in atmosphere?

Description : What causes an increase in carbon dioxide in atmosphere?

Last Answer : Need answer

Why did the carbon dioxide levels increase in the atmosphere?

Description : Why did the carbon dioxide levels increase in the atmosphere?

Last Answer : There are several potential reasons:Humans burning fossil fuel for heat and in transportationDeforestation of large areas for farms and urbanizationUrbanization removing any green plants form large areasFlaring at petroleum plantsForestry practices leading to more massive wildfires

What are two ways that humans contribute to increase in carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere?

Description : What are two ways that humans contribute to increase in carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere?

Last Answer : What is the answer ?

What is likely to happen if carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere increase?

Description : What is likely to happen if carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere increase?

Last Answer : Need answer

Main constituents of biogas are (a) Methane and carbon monoxide (b) Butane and carbon monoxide (c) Methane and carbon dioxide (d) Ethylene and carbon dioxide

Description : Main constituents of biogas are (a) Methane and carbon monoxide (b) Butane and carbon monoxide (c) Methane and carbon dioxide (d) Ethylene and carbon dioxide

Last Answer : Ans: (c)

What describes global co2 emissions?

Description : What describes global co2 emissions?

Last Answer : The amount of CO2 released by humans has increased over the last200 years. This increase is primarily due to using fossil fuels inindustries and vehicles.

The Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 was called (a) for immediate steps to discontinue use of CFCs that were damaging the ozone layer (b) to reduce CO2 emissions and global warming (c) for conservation of biodiversity and sustainable utilisation of its benefits (d) to assess threat posed to native species by invasive weed species.

Description : The Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 was called (a) for immediate steps to discontinue use of CFCs that were damaging the ozone layer (b) to reduce CO2 emissions and global ... utilisation of its benefits (d) to assess threat posed to native species by invasive weed species.

Last Answer : (c) for conservation of biodiversity and sustainable utilisation of its benefits

Sulphur dioxide present in the industrial chimney exhaust gases causes (A) Respiratory & lung disease (B) Reduction in plant's productivity owing to acid rain (C) Corrosion of building materials (D) All (A), (B) and (C)

Description : Sulphur dioxide present in the industrial chimney exhaust gases causes (A) Respiratory & lung disease (B) Reduction in plant's productivity owing to acid rain (C) Corrosion of building materials (D) All (A), (B) and (C)

Last Answer : (D) All (A), (B) and (C)

The five key indicators of global climate change of our planet are (1) Antartic Sea ice, Oxygen, Rain-fall, Drought and Sea level (2) Sea-level, Rising temperatures, Rainfall, Nitrogen and Arctic Sea ice (3) Arctic Sea ice, Carbon dioxide, Global Temperature, Sea level and Land ice (4) None of these

Description : The five key indicators of global climate change of our planet are (1) Antartic Sea ice, Oxygen, Rain-fall, Drought and Sea level (2) Sea-level, Rising temperatures, Rainfall, Nitrogen and Arctic Sea ice (3) Arctic Sea ice, Carbon dioxide, Global Temperature, Sea level and Land ice (4) None of these

Last Answer : (3) Arctic Sea ice, Carbon dioxide, Global Temperature, Sea level and Land ice.

The five key indicators of global climate change of our planet are : (1) Antartic Sea ice, Oxygen, Rainfall, Drought and Sea level (2) Sea-level, Rising temperatures, Rainfall, Nitrogen and Arctic Sea ice (3) Arctic Sea ice, Carbon dioxide, Global Temperature, Sea level and Land ice. (4) None of these

Description : The five key indicators of global climate change of our planet are : (1) Antartic Sea ice, Oxygen, Rainfall, Drought and Sea level (2) Sea-level, Rising temperatures, Rainfall, Nitrogen and Arctic Sea ... Arctic Sea ice, Carbon dioxide, Global Temperature, Sea level and Land ice. (4) None of these 

Last Answer :  Arctic Sea ice, Carbon dioxide, Global Temperature, Sea level and Land ice.

Dry ice is (a) Solid carbon dioxide (b) Ice dust (c) Liquified nitrogen (d) Liquified hydrogen

Description : Dry ice is (a) Solid carbon dioxide (b) Ice dust (c) Liquified nitrogen (d) Liquified hydrogen

Last Answer : Ans:(a)

The open "Sigrees” or coal stoves often require fanning to sustain burning because of (1) tendency of carbon dioxide to form a layer along with dust smoke (2) lack of oxygen in the surroundings of sigrees (3) accumulation of smoke and dust over the sigrees (4) interrupted release of moisture from the material

Description : The open "Sigrees or coal stoves often require fanning to sustain burning because of (1) tendency of carbon dioxide to form a layer along with dust smoke (2) lack of oxygen in the ... 3) accumulation of smoke and dust over the sigrees (4) interrupted release of moisture from the material

Last Answer : (1) tendency of carbon dioxide to form a layer along with dust smoke Explanation: Burning coal requires oxygen to chemically react. The availability of oxygen is limited in the furnace by several factors ... dioxide from forming layer along with dust smoke so as to keep the supply of oxygen intact.