What are the valves of the venous system? What is their function?

What are the valves of the venous system? What is their function?
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The valves of the venous system are structures inside the veins that permit blood to flow only in the normal way (from the tissues to the heart) and forbid it to return in the reverse way in favor of gravity. The valves close when the pressure of the fluid column above (after, regarding normal flux) is higher than the fluid pressure before them. Valves are thus fundamental for the returning of blood to the heart. The Circulatory System - Image Diversity: Venous valves
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What is the function of venous valves? -Biology

Description : What is the function of venous valves? -Biology

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In humans, blood passes from the post caval to the diastolic right atrium of heart due to (a) stimulation of the sino auricular node (b) pressure difference between the post caval and atrium (c) pushing open of the venous valves (d) suction pull.

Description : In humans, blood passes from the post caval to the diastolic right atrium of heart due to (a) stimulation of the sino auricular node (b) pressure difference between the post caval and atrium (c) pushing open of the venous valves (d) suction pull.

Last Answer : (b) pressure difference between the post caval and atrium

External pneumatic compression has been advocated for the prevention of deep venous thrombosis during operative procedures. Which of the following statement(s) concerning the use of external pneumatic compression devices is/are true? a. Intermittent pneumatic compression is as effective as low-dose heparin in prevention of venous thrombosis b. These devices function by compressing the lower extremities therefore augmenting venous return c. Pneumatic compression devices may also exhibit their antithrombotic effect through stimulating local and systemic fibrinolysis d. The length of time that intermittent pneumatic compression should be used includes through the operation and for at least several days in the postoperative period

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Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct concerning the cardiovascular response to shock? a. Changes in cardiac contractile function shift the Frank Starling curve up and down b. Venoconstriction from skeletal muscle is a significant contributor to the restoration of blood volume with shock c. Arterial vasoconstriction affects all vascular beds equally d. The total circulating blood volume is equally split between the arterial and venous system

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What is the function of the right ventricle? To where does the right ventricle pump the venous blood?

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Central venous pressure is measured in which of the following heart chambers? a) Right atrium The pressure in the right atrium is used to assess right ventricular function and venous blood return to the heart. b) Left atrium The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circulation. c) Left ventricle The left ventricle receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium. d) Right ventricle The right ventricle is not the central collecting chamber of venous circulation.

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Description : The venous system of frog differs from that of rabbit in having

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A 32-year-old man suffers a spinal cord injury with a resultant paraplegia in a motorcycle accident. He presents to the emergency room with hypotension. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning his diagnosis and management? a. The low blood pressure can be assumed to be due to neurogenic shock b. The sole cause of hypotension is the loss of sympathetic input to the venous system c. Despite significant hypotension, secondary organ injury will be uncommon d. There is no role for pharmacologic intervention to maintain blood pressure

Description : A 32-year-old man suffers a spinal cord injury with a resultant paraplegia in a motorcycle accident. He presents to the emergency room with hypotension. Which of the following statement(s) is/ ... injury will be uncommon d. There is no role for pharmacologic intervention to maintain blood pressure

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Description : Write a detail note on venous system of frog? 

Last Answer : Vessels which bring back blood to heart from different parts of body are called veins. Veins join to form venous system. This system consists of following veins: - Pulmonary Veins: - These bring ... hepatic portal vein. This blood is also reached to liver and finally enters into post caval. 

A diagnostic test that involves injection of a contrast media into the venous system through a dorsal vein in the foot is termed a) contrast phlebography. When a thrombus exists, an x-ray image will disclose an unfilled segment of a vein. b) air plethysmography Air plethysmography quantifies venous reflux and calf muscle pump ejection.

Description : A diagnostic test that involves injection of a contrast media into the venous system through a dorsal vein in the foot is termed a) contrast phlebography. When a thrombus exists, an x ... d) lymphoscintigraphy. In lymphoscintigraphy, a radioactive-labeled colloid is injected into the lymph system.

Last Answer : a) contrast phlebography. When a thrombus exists, an x-ray image will disclose an unfilled segment of a vein.

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Description : What drugs are used for this? My legs hurt terribly and my blood supply is poor. Does anyone have it?

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Description : Mesenteric venous thrombosis?

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Deep venous thrombosis?

Description : Deep venous thrombosis?

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Venous insufficiency?

Description : Venous insufficiency?

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Description : In normal individuals glycosuria occurs when the venous blood glucose concentration exceeds (A) 5–6 mmol/L (B) 7–8 mmol/L (C) 8.5–9 mmol/L (D) 9.5–10 mmol/L

Last Answer : Answer : D

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Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning O2 venous saturation monitoring? a. The normal saturation of mixed venous blood is 50% b. Mixed venous blood obtained ... than fully saturated blood, the difference between arterial and venous saturation corresponds to oxygen extraction

Last Answer : Answer: c, d The relationship between oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption is reflected in the amount of oxygen in venous blood. Under normal circumstances, oxygen delivery is 1000 ... and venous saturation corresponds to the oxygen extraction, hence the oxygen delivery/oxygen consumption ratio

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning methods of nutritional support? a. Optimal results for enteral feedings are achieved with approximately half of calories supplied as carbohydrate and half as fat b. Diarrhea is the most common complication of enteral feeds and is due to the high osmolarity of the carbohydrate components c. The hyperosmolar nature of parenteral fat solutions requires central venous administration d. Approximately 25–50% of calories should be provided as fat emulsion in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning methods of nutritional support? a. Optimal results for enteral feedings are achieved with approximately half of calories supplied as ... -50% of calories should be provided as fat emulsion in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, d Most formulas for enteral feeding range from 1.0 to 2 cal/ml and include 3 to 7% protein. Most of the calories are supplied as glucose or sucrose, so that the solutions ... up to 25 to 50% of calories each day as fat emulsion may optimize the delivery of this caloric delivery

There are a number of hypercoaguable states which can be associated with arterial or venous thrombosis and embolic phenomenon. These include: a. Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia b. Antithrombin III deficiency c. Von Willebrand disease d. Vitamin C deficiency

Description : There are a number of hypercoaguable states which can be associated with arterial or venous thrombosis and embolic phenomenon. These include: a. Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia b. Antithrombin III deficiency c. Von Willebrand disease d. Vitamin C deficiency

Last Answer : Answer: a, b A number of hypercoaguable states are present. These include heparin-associated thrombocytopenia in which a heparin-dependent platelet antibody causes aggregation of ... soft tissue increasing vascular permeability and fragility resulting in the potential for bleeding disorders

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the results of a National Institute of Health Consensus Conference on venous thrombosis and low-dose heparin prophylaxis? a. The odds of developing deep venous thrombosis with low-dose heparin prophylaxis decreases by 67% b. The risk of pulmonary embolism is decreased by almost 50% c. There is no increase in mortality from other causes found in patients treated with low-dose heparin d. There was no difference in the incidence of bleeding complications

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the results of a National Institute of Health Consensus Conference on venous thrombosis and low-dose heparin prophylaxis? a. The odds of ... treated with low-dose heparin d. There was no difference in the incidence of bleeding complications

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c In a metaanalysis of 70 randomized trials in 16,000 patients comparing low-dose heparin prophylaxis with standard therapy, the odds of developing deep venous thrombosis ... Similarly, the effectiveness of prophylaxis was not influenced by either two or three times daily dosage

The standard management oral anticoagulant therapy for chronic treatment of venous thromboembolism is with the drug warfarin. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the administration of warfarin? a. An important complication of warfarin therapy is skin necrosis in patients with protein C deficiency b. Warfarin interferes with vitamin K dependent clotting factors II, VII, IX, X c. For effective anticoagulation the prothrombin time (PT) should be kept at 2 control d. It is recommended that warfarin be continued for at least one year after initial episode of deep venous thrombosis

Description : The standard management oral anticoagulant therapy for chronic treatment of venous thromboembolism is with the drug warfarin. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the administration ... warfarin be continued for at least one year after initial episode of deep venous thrombosis

Last Answer : Answer: a, b Warfarin interferes with the vitamin K dependent clotting factors II, VII, IX and X, protein C, and protein S. An important complication of warfarin is skin ... the benefit from anticoagulant therapy and thus is the basis for discontinuing warfarin administration at this time

Mini-dose heparin has been shown to be useful in the prophylaxis of postoperative venous thrombosis. Mechanism(s) by which low-dose heparin is/are thought to protect against venous thrombosis include: a. Enhancement of antithrombin III activity b. A decrease in thrombin availability c. Inhibition of platelet aggregation and subsequent platelet release action d. A mild prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time

Description : Mini-dose heparin has been shown to be useful in the prophylaxis of postoperative venous thrombosis. Mechanism(s) by which low-dose heparin is/are thought to protect against venous ... aggregation and subsequent platelet release action d. A mild prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c Low-dose heparin is thought to protect against venous thrombosis through three different mechanisms. First, antithrombin III activity with its inhibition of activated Factor X is ... release reaction. The standard doses of heparin administered (5000 units bid) does not affect aPTT

Which of the following complications of TPN are appropriately managed with the listed treatment? a. Air embolism—place patient in reverse Trendelenburg and the left lateral decubitus position and aspirate venous air b. Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis—give sodium and potassium as acetate salts c. Carbon dioxide retention—decrease glucose calories and replace with fat d. Line sepsis—intravenous antibiotics

Description : Which of the following complications of TPN are appropriately managed with the listed treatment? a. Air embolism-place patient in reverse Trendelenburg and the left lateral decubitus position ... dioxide retention-decrease glucose calories and replace with fat d. Line sepsis-intravenous antibiotics

Last Answer : Answer: b, c A number of complications of TPN can occur which can be divided into three types: mechanical, metabolic, and infectious

Which of the following statement(s) concerning intravenous nutritional support is/are true? a. Concentrations of glucose no higher than 5% should be used to avoid peripheral vein sclerosis b. A major disadvantage of the peripheral technique is limited caloric delivery c. If total parenteral nutrition is required, access to the superior vena cava via the external jugular vein is the most suitable site d. Venous thrombosis is an uncommon complication for long-term central vein catheterization

Description : Which of the following statement(s) concerning intravenous nutritional support is/are true? a. Concentrations of glucose no higher than 5% should be used to avoid peripheral vein sclerosis ... suitable site d. Venous thrombosis is an uncommon complication for long-term central vein catheterization

Last Answer : Answer: b Although peripheral access can be used for intravenous nutrition, the major disadvantage of this technique is limited caloric delivery to meet catabolic demands within tolerated fluid ... studies that use phlebography or radionucleotide venography indicate the incidence is as high as 35%

All of the following are true about neurogenic shock except: A. There is a decrease in systemic vascular resistance and an increase in venous capacitance. B. Tachycardia or bradycardia may be observed, along with hypotension. C. The use of an alpha agonist such as phenylephrine is the mainstay of treatment. D. Severe head injury, spinal cord injury, and high spinal anesthesia may all cause neurogenic shock.

Description : All of the following are true about neurogenic shock except: A. There is a decrease in systemic vascular resistance and an increase in venous capacitance. B. Tachycardia or bradycardia may be ... Severe head injury, spinal cord injury, and high spinal anesthesia may all cause neurogenic shock.

Last Answer : Answer: C DISCUSSION: Neurogenic shock occurs when severe head injury, spinal cord injury, or pharmacologic sympathetic blockade leads to sympathetic denervation and loss of vasomotor tone. ... of treatment. The use of alpha-adrenergic agonist is infrequently necessary to treat neurogenic shock

Nitroglycerin, either directly or through reflexes, results in which one of the following effects (a) Decreased heart rate (b) Decreased venous capacitance (c) Increased afterload (d) Increased cardiac force (e) Increased diastolic intramyocardial fiber tension

Description : Nitroglycerin, either directly or through reflexes, results in which one of the following effects (a) Decreased heart rate (b) Decreased venous capacitance (c) Increased afterload (d) Increased cardiac force (e) Increased diastolic intramyocardial fiber tension

Last Answer : Ans: D

Types of Eczema A. Discoid eczema (Missed. B. Seborrhoeic Dermatitis (Missed. C. Venous eczema (Missed. D. Arthiritic dermatitis E. Lichen simplex chronicus (Missed. F. Lichen striatus (Missed.

Description : Types of Eczema A. Discoid eczema (Missed. B. Seborrhoeic Dermatitis (Missed. C. Venous eczema (Missed. D. Arthiritic dermatitis E. Lichen simplex chronicus (Missed. F. Lichen striatus (Missed.

Last Answer : Ans: D

A patient of acute myocardial infarction being treated in intensive care unit developed left ventricular failure with raised central venous pressure. It was decided to use glyceryl trinitrate. Which route/method of administration would be most suitable. (a) Sublingual (b) Oral (c) Intravenous bolus injection (d) Slow intravenous infusion

Description : A patient of acute myocardial infarction being treated in intensive care unit developed left ventricular failure with raised central venous pressure. It was decided to use glyceryl trinitrate. Which route/ ... (a) Sublingual (b) Oral (c) Intravenous bolus injection (d) Slow intravenous infusion

Last Answer : Ans: D

When digoxin is used in a patient with congestive heart failure (CHF), it works by exerting a positive effect on (a) Stroke volume (b) Total peripheral resistance (c) Heart rate (d) Blood pressure (e) Venous return

Description : When digoxin is used in a patient with congestive heart failure (CHF), it works by exerting a positive effect on (a) Stroke volume (b) Total peripheral resistance (c) Heart rate (d) Blood pressure (e) Venous return

Last Answer : Ans: A

The chamber of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the various parts of the body is (a) Sinus venous (b) Left auricle (c) Right auricle (d) Right venous

Description : The chamber of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the various parts of the body is (a) Sinus venous (b) Left auricle (c) Right auricle (d) Right venous

Last Answer : Ans:(d)

Concerning the mixture of arterial with venous blood what is the difference between the human fetal circulation and the adult circulation?

Description : Concerning the mixture of arterial with venous blood what is the difference between the human fetal circulation and the adult circulation?

Last Answer : In the human fetal circulation there are two communications between arterial and venous blood characterizing an incomplete circulation. One of them is the oval foramen, an opening between the right and the left ... close a few days after birth and so they are not present in the adult heart.

Does the fish heart pump venous or arterial blood?

Description : Does the fish heart pump venous or arterial blood?

Last Answer : The venous blood coming from the tissues enters the atrium and passes to the ventricle that then pumps the blood towards the gills. After oxygenation in the gills the arterial blood goes to the tissues. So the fish heart pumps venous blood.

Do the arteries that carry blood from the heart to the lungs contain arterial or venous blood? What happens to the blood when it passes through the lungs?

Description : Do the arteries that carry blood from the heart to the lungs contain arterial or venous blood? What happens to the blood when it passes through the lungs?

Last Answer : Arteries of the pulmonary circulation are arteries that carry venous blood and not arterial blood. When the blood passes within the alveolar capillaries of the lungs hematosis (oxygenation) occurs and carbon dioxide is released to the exterior.

How do the muscles of the legs and of the feet contribute to the venous return?

Description : How do the muscles of the legs and of the feet contribute to the venous return?

Last Answer : The muscles of the legs, mainly the muscles of the calves, contract and compress the deep veins of the legs impelling the blood to the heart. The plantar portion of the feet retains blood and when it is compressed against the ground it impels its blood volume and aids venous return.

What are venous vessels, veins and venules?

Description : What are venous vessels, veins and venules?

Last Answer : Venous vessels are every blood vessel that carries blood from the tissues to the heart. Veins and venules are venous vessels. Venules are thin veins that are continuous to capillaries. In ... atrium of the heart however contain arterial blood. The Circulatory System - Image Diversity: veins venules

What are the blood vessels that carry venous blood to the heart? What is the blood vessel that collects arterial blood from the heart?

Description : What are the blood vessels that carry venous blood to the heart? What is the blood vessel that collects arterial blood from the heart?

Last Answer : The blood vessels that debouch in the heart carrying venous blood are the inferior and the superior vena cava. The blood vessel that carries arterial blood from the heart is the aorta. Breathing Process Review - Image Diversity: vena cava aorta

What is the difference between arterial and venous blood?

Description : What is the difference between arterial and venous blood?

Last Answer : Arterial blood is the oxygen-rich and carbon dioxide-poor blood that irrigates the tissues. Venous blood is the oxygen-poor and carbon dioxide-rich blood collected from the tissues.

Who among the following have venous heart? (1) Mammals (2) Reptilians (3) Fishes (4) Amphibians

Description : Who among the following have venous heart? (1) Mammals (2) Reptilians (3) Fishes (4) Amphibians

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What vessel carries the venous blood to the lungs for oxygenation? (1) Pulmonary arteries (2) Pulmonary veins (3) Pulmonary arteriovenous shunt (4) Right ventricle

Description : What vessel carries the venous blood to the lungs for oxygenation? (1) Pulmonary arteries (2) Pulmonary veins (3) Pulmonary arteriovenous shunt (4) Right ventricle

Last Answer : (1) Pulmonary arteries Explanation: Pulmonary arteries carry venous blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs. They carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs, where it releases carbon dioxide and pick up oxygen during respiration.

Each of the following result in ischemia EXCEPT C A. Arterial occlusion B. Venous occlusion C. Cyanosis D. None of these

Description : Each of the following result in ischemia EXCEPT C A. Arterial occlusion B. Venous occlusion C. Cyanosis D. None of these

Last Answer : Cyanosis

Which of the following plays an important role in edema formation? C A. Arteriolar dilatation B. Decreased venous flow C. All of the above D. None of these

Description : Which of the following plays an important role in edema formation? C A. Arteriolar dilatation B. Decreased venous flow C. All of the above D. None of these

Last Answer : All of the above

Increased intracranial pressure causes: a. sixth nerve palsy b. cupping of the optic disc c. absent venous pulsation d. increased cerebral blood flow

Description : Increased intracranial pressure causes: a. sixth nerve palsy b. cupping of the optic disc c. absent venous pulsation d. increased cerebral blood flow

Last Answer : absent venous pulsation

The following are true about the dural venous sinuses: a. they have no valve b. the cavernous sinus is closely related to the pituitary gland c. the cavernous sinus has the first two divisions of the trigeminal nerve on its lateral wall d. all above

Description : The following are true about the dural venous sinuses: a. they have no valve b. the cavernous sinus is closely related to the pituitary gland c. the cavernous sinus has the first two divisions of the trigeminal nerve on its lateral wall d. all above

Last Answer : all above

In human being, haemorrhage causes a. venous constriction b. decreased blood flow to the skin c. a fall in cardiac output d. all above

Description : In human being, haemorrhage causes a. venous constriction b. decreased blood flow to the skin c. a fall in cardiac output d. all above

Last Answer : all above

In human being, haemorrhage causes a. venous constriction b. decreased blood flow to the skin c. a fall in cardiac output d. splenic contraction

Description : In human being, haemorrhage causes a. venous constriction b. decreased blood flow to the skin c. a fall in cardiac output d. splenic contraction

Last Answer : splenic contraction