A patient of acute myocardial infarction being treated in intensive care unit developed left ventricular failure with raised central venous pressure. It was decided to use glyceryl trinitrate. Which route/method of administration would be most suitable. (a) Sublingual (b) Oral (c) Intravenous bolus injection (d) Slow intravenous infusion

A patient of acute myocardial infarction being treated in intensive care unit developed left ventricular failure with raised central venous pressure. It was decided to use glyceryl trinitrate. Which route/method of administration would be most suitable. (a) Sublingual (b) Oral (c) Intravenous bolus injection (d) Slow intravenous infusion
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A patient of acute myocardial infarction being treated in intensive care unit developed left ventricular failure with raised central venous pressure. It was decided to use glyceryl trinitrate. Which route/method of administration would be most suitable: A. Sublingual B. Oral C. Intravenous bolus injection D. Slow intravenous infusion

Description : A patient of acute myocardial infarction being treated in intensive care unit developed left ventricular failure with raised central venous pressure. It was decided to use glyceryl trinitrate. Which route ... suitable: A. Sublingual B. Oral C. Intravenous bolus injection D. Slow intravenous infusion

Last Answer : D. Slow intravenous infusion

The following procedure for rapid lowering of BP in hypertensive urgency/emergency has been abandoned: A. Sublingual/oral nifedipine B. Intravenous glyceryl trinitrate infusion C. Intravenous sodium nitroprusside infusion D. Intravenous esmolol injection

Description : The following procedure for rapid lowering of BP in hypertensive urgency/emergency has been abandoned: A. Sublingual/oral nifedipine B. Intravenous glyceryl trinitrate infusion C. Intravenous sodium nitroprusside infusion D. Intravenous esmolol injection

Last Answer : A. Sublingual/oral nifedipine

Glyceryl trinitrate is administratered by all of the following routes except (a) Oral (b) Sublingual (c) Intramuscular (d) Intravenous

Description : Glyceryl trinitrate is administratered by all of the following routes except (a) Oral (b) Sublingual (c) Intramuscular (d) Intravenous

Last Answer : Ans: C

A patient suffers from spisodic pain diffusely localized over the chest and upper abdomen, which is relieved by sublingual glyceryl trinitrate. He could be suffering from (a) Angina pectoris (b) Biliary colic (c) Esophageal spasm (d) All of the above

Description : A patient suffers from spisodic pain diffusely localized over the chest and upper abdomen, which is relieved by sublingual glyceryl trinitrate. He could be suffering from (a) Angina pectoris (b) Biliary colic (c) Esophageal spasm (d) All of the above

Last Answer : Ans: D

Lidocaine is the preferred antiarrhythmic for emergency control of cardiac arrhythmias following acute myocardial infarction because (a) It has a rapidly developing and titratable antiarrhythmic action (b) It casues little myocardial depression and hypotension (c) It has broad spectrum antiarrhythmic efficacy in atrial as well as ventricular arrhythmias (d) Both (a) and (b)

Description : Lidocaine is the preferred antiarrhythmic for emergency control of cardiac arrhythmias following acute myocardial infarction because (a) It has a rapidly developing and titratable antiarrhythmic action (b) It casues ... efficacy in atrial as well as ventricular arrhythmias (d) Both (a) and (b)

Last Answer : Ans: D

Glyceryl trinitrate is administered by the following routes except: A. Oral B. Sublingual C. Intramuscular D. Intravenous

Description : Glyceryl trinitrate is administered by the following routes except: A. Oral B. Sublingual C. Intramuscular D. Intravenous

Last Answer : C. Intramuscular

Select the vasodilator that is administered only by slow intravenous infusion and dilates both resistance as well as capacitance vessels: A. Minoxidil B. Diazoxide C. Sodium nitroprusside D. Glyceryl trinitrate

Description : Select the vasodilator that is administered only by slow intravenous infusion and dilates both resistance as well as capacitance vessels: A. Minoxidil B. Diazoxide C. Sodium nitroprusside D. Glyceryl trinitrate

Last Answer : C. Sodium nitroprusside

If a fibrinolytic drug is used for treatment of acute myocardial infarction, the adverse drug effect that is most likely to occur is (a) Acute renal failure (b) Development of antiplatelet antibodies (c) Encephalitis secondary to liver dysfunction (d) Hemorrhagic stroke (e) Neutropenia

Description : If a fibrinolytic drug is used for treatment of acute myocardial infarction, the adverse drug effect that is most likely to occur is (a) Acute renal failure (b) Development of antiplatelet antibodies (c) Encephalitis secondary to liver dysfunction (d) Hemorrhagic stroke (e) Neutropenia

Last Answer : Ans: D

The preferred route of administration of streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction is: A. Intravenous B. Subcutaneous C. Intracoronary

Description : The preferred route of administration of streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction is: A. Intravenous B. Subcutaneous C. Intracoronary

Last Answer : A. Intravenous

Glyceryl trinitrate is used in CHF for: A. Routine treatment of mild to moderate chronic heart failure B. Rapid symptom relief in acute left ventricular failure C. Arresting disease progression D. Both 'A' and 'B'

Description : Glyceryl trinitrate is used in CHF for: A. Routine treatment of mild to moderate chronic heart failure B. Rapid symptom relief in acute left ventricular failure C. Arresting disease progression D. Both 'A' and 'B'

Last Answer : D. Both 'A' and 'B

Which vasodilator is most suitable for a patient of CHF who is symptomatic even at rest and has a central venous pressure of 25 mm Hg and cardiac index 1.8 L/min/m2 : A. Glyceryl trinitrate B. Enalapril C. Hydralazine D. Nifedipine

Description : Which vasodilator is most suitable for a patient of CHF who is symptomatic even at rest and has a central venous pressure of 25 mm Hg and cardiac index 1.8 L/min/m2 : A. Glyceryl trinitrate B. Enalapril C. Hydralazine D. Nifedipine

Last Answer : B. Enalapril

The agent given sublingually in an acute attack of angina pectoris is (a) Glyceryl trinitrate (b) Amyl nitrite (c) Erythrital tetranitrate (d) Pentaerythritol tetranitrate

Description : The agent given sublingually in an acute attack of angina pectoris is (a) Glyceryl trinitrate (b) Amyl nitrite (c) Erythrital tetranitrate (d) Pentaerythritol tetranitrate

Last Answer : Ans: A

A semiconscious patient of haemorrhagic cerebral stroke has been brought to the emergency. His blood pressure is 240/120 mmHg. Select the procedure to lower his blood pressure as rapidly as possible: A. Sublingual nifedipine B. Intramuscular injection of hydralazine C. Intravenous infusion of sodium nitroprusside D. Intravenous injection of clonidin

Description : A semiconscious patient of haemorrhagic cerebral stroke has been brought to the emergency. His blood pressure is 240/120 mmHg. Select the procedure to lower his blood pressure as ... injection of hydralazine C. Intravenous infusion of sodium nitroprusside D. Intravenous injection of clonidin

Last Answer : C. Intravenous infusion of sodium nitroprussid

A patient has developed a sever chest pain and difficulties in breathing while in the dental chair. Your initial response is: a. Administer glycerine trinitrate and monitor patient in upright position. b. Patient has an acute episode of angina as demonstrated by curve in ECG c. No treatment is required until confirmed as MI by ECG d. Patient has myocardial infarction as confirmed by ECG

Description : A patient has developed a sever chest pain and difficulties in breathing while in the dental chair. Your initial response is: a. Administer glycerine trinitrate and monitor patient in upright ... required until confirmed as MI by ECG d. Patient has myocardial infarction as confirmed by ECG

Last Answer : a. Administer glycerine trinitrate and monitor patient in upright position.

A patient has developed a sever chest pain and difficulties in breathing while in the dental chair. Your initial response is: A. Administer glycerine trinitrate and monitor patient in upright position B. Patient has an acute episode of angina as demonstrated by curve in ECG C. No treatment is required until confirmed as MI by ECG D. Patient has myocardial infarction as confirmed by ECG

Description : A patient has developed a sever chest pain and difficulties in breathing while in the dental chair. Your initial response is: A. Administer glycerine trinitrate and monitor patient in upright ... required until confirmed as MI by ECG D. Patient has myocardial infarction as confirmed by ECG

Last Answer : A. Administer glycerine trinitrate and monitor patient in upright position

In addition to slow intravenous infusion, which of the following routes of administration allows for titration of the dose of a drug with the response: A. Sublingual B. Transdermal C. Inhalational D. Nasal insufflation

Description : In addition to slow intravenous infusion, which of the following routes of administration allows for titration of the dose of a drug with the response: A. Sublingual B. Transdermal C. Inhalational D. Nasal insufflation

Last Answer : C. Inhalational

In addition to slow intravenous infusion, which of the following routes of administration allows for titration of the dose of a drug with the response: A. Sublingual B. Transdermal C. Inhalational D. Nasal insufflation

Description : In addition to slow intravenous infusion, which of the following routes of administration allows for titration of the dose of a drug with the response: A. Sublingual B. Transdermal C. Inhalational D. Nasal insufflation

Last Answer : C. Inhalational

Intravenous furosemide promptly mitigates dyspnoea in acute left ventricular failure by: A. Producing bronchodilatation B. Causing rapid diuresis and reducing circulating blood volume C. Increasing venous capacitance and reducing cardiac preload. D. Stimulating left ventricular contractility

Description : Intravenous furosemide promptly mitigates dyspnoea in acute left ventricular failure by: A. Producing bronchodilatation B. Causing rapid diuresis and reducing circulating blood volume C. Increasing venous capacitance and reducing cardiac preload. D. Stimulating left ventricular contractility

Last Answer : C. Increasing venous capacitance and reducing cardiac preload.

The preferred route of administration of medication in the most acute care situations is which of the following routes? a) Intravenous The IV route is the preferred parenteral route in most acute care situations because it is much more comfortable for the patient, and peak serum levels and pain relief occur more rapidly and reliably. b) Epidural Epidural administration is used to control postoperative and chronic pain. c) Subcutaneous Subcutaneous administration results in slow absorption of medication. d) Intramuscular Intramuscular administration of medication is absorbed more slowly than intravenously administered medication.

Description : The preferred route of administration of medication in the most acute care situations is which of the following routes? a) Intravenous The IV route is the preferred ... ) Intramuscular Intramuscular administration of medication is absorbed more slowly than intravenously administered medication.

Last Answer : a) Intravenous The IV route is the preferred parenteral route in most acute care situations because it is much more comfortable for the patient, and peak serum levels and pain relief occur more rapidly and reliably.

A patient with a history of angina suffers an attack while in the dental chair. Prompt relief can be anticipated in MOST instances from: A. Oral administration of short acting barbiturates B. Intra muscular administration of morphine sulphate C. Subcutaneous administration of epinephrine D. Sublingual administration of glyceryl tri-nitrate E. Putting the patient in upright position

Description : A patient with a history of angina suffers an attack while in the dental chair. Prompt relief can be anticipated in MOST instances from: A. Oral administration of short acting ... epinephrine D. Sublingual administration of glyceryl tri-nitrate E. Putting the patient in upright position

Last Answer : D. Sublingual administration of glyceryl tri-nitrate

Nitrate tolerance is least likely to develop with the use of: A. Sustained release oral glyceryl trinitrate B. Sublingual glyceryl trinitrate C. Transdermal glyceryl trinitrate D. Oral pentaerythritol tetranitrate

Description : Nitrate tolerance is least likely to develop with the use of: A. Sustained release oral glyceryl trinitrate B. Sublingual glyceryl trinitrate C. Transdermal glyceryl trinitrate D. Oral pentaerythritol tetranitrate

Last Answer : B. Sublingual glyceryl trinitrate

11. Which route of drug administration is most likely to lead to the first-pass effect? a) Sublingual b) Oral c) Intravenous d) Intramuscular

Description : 11. Which route of drug administration is most likely to lead to the first-pass effect? a) Sublingual b) Oral c) Intravenous d) Intramuscular

Last Answer : b) Oral

‘Coronary steal phenomenon’ has been noted most frequently with (a) Glyceryl trinitrate (b) Dipyridamole (c) Propranolol (d) Diltiazem

Description : ‘Coronary steal phenomenon’ has been noted most frequently with (a) Glyceryl trinitrate (b) Dipyridamole (c) Propranolol (d) Diltiazem

Last Answer : Ans: B

The primary mechanism of beneficial effect of glyceryl trinitrate in classical angina pectoris is (a) Increase in total coronary blood flow (b) Redistribution of coronary blood flow (c) Reduction of cardiac preload (d) Reduction of cardiac after load

Description : The primary mechanism of beneficial effect of glyceryl trinitrate in classical angina pectoris is (a) Increase in total coronary blood flow (b) Redistribution of coronary blood flow (c) Reduction of cardiac preload (d) Reduction of cardiac after load

Last Answer : Ans: C

Select the organic nitrate which undergoes minimal first-pass metabolism in the liver (a) Glyceryl trinitrate (b) Isosorbide dinitrate (c) Isosorbide mononitrate (d) Erythrityl tetranitrate

Description : Select the organic nitrate which undergoes minimal first-pass metabolism in the liver (a) Glyceryl trinitrate (b) Isosorbide dinitrate (c) Isosorbide mononitrate (d) Erythrityl tetranitrate

Last Answer : Ans: C

A patient suffers from episodic pain diffusely localized over the chest and upper abdomen, which is relieved by sublingual glyceryl trinitrate. He could be suffering from: A. Angina pectoris B. Biliary colic C. Esophageal spasm D. Any of the abov

Description : A patient suffers from episodic pain diffusely localized over the chest and upper abdomen, which is relieved by sublingual glyceryl trinitrate. He could be suffering from: A. Angina pectoris B. Biliary colic C. Esophageal spasm D. Any of the abov

Last Answer : D. Any of the abov

When digoxin is used in a patient with congestive heart failure (CHF), it works by exerting a positive effect on (a) Stroke volume (b) Total peripheral resistance (c) Heart rate (d) Blood pressure (e) Venous return

Description : When digoxin is used in a patient with congestive heart failure (CHF), it works by exerting a positive effect on (a) Stroke volume (b) Total peripheral resistance (c) Heart rate (d) Blood pressure (e) Venous return

Last Answer : Ans: A

Started within 4-6 hours of acute myocardial infarction, which of the following drug(s) can reduce the area of necrosis and the attendant mortality: A. Propranolol B. Glyceryl trinitrate C. Lignocaine D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’ are correct

Description : Started within 4-6 hours of acute myocardial infarction, which of the following drug(s) can reduce the area of necrosis and the attendant mortality: A. Propranolol B. Glyceryl trinitrate C. Lignocaine D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’ are correct

Last Answer : D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’ are correct

A 55-year-old renal transplant patient has been hospitalized in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit, receiving a prolonged course of antibiotics following an attack of acute cholecystitis. The following statement(s) is/are true concerning his management. a. Due to the potential risk of Candida infection, prophylaxis with oral nystatin should be instituted early in the patient’s course b. A Candida urinary tract infection should be treated with systemic amphotericin B c. Changes of Candida retinitis are of little significance d. The presence of a virulent Candida bacteremia should suggest a dosage reduction in immunosuppressive agents until the infection can be adequately controlled

Description : A 55-year-old renal transplant patient has been hospitalized in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit, receiving a prolonged course of antibiotics following an attack of acute cholecystitis. The ... suggest a dosage reduction in immunosuppressive agents until the infection can be adequately controlled

Last Answer : Answer: a, d Infections due to fungal pathogens have become increasingly common during the past decade, frequently occurring in patients undergoing prolonged hospitalization in the Surgical ... agents should be discontinued until evidence of infection is absolutely controlled or is eradicated

Higher incidence of myocardial infarction and increased mortality has been noted with the use of the following antihypertensive drug (a) Nifedipine (b) Verapamil (c) Diltiazem (d) Lisinopril

Description : Higher incidence of myocardial infarction and increased mortality has been noted with the use of the following antihypertensive drug (a) Nifedipine (b) Verapamil (c) Diltiazem (d) Lisinopril

Last Answer : Ans: A

What drug is used to prevent embolism in the lung and during myocardial infarction? (a) Alteplase (b) Human growth hormone (c) Granulocyte–macrophage colony – stimulating factor (GM–CSF) (d) EPOGEN (EPO) (e) None of the above

Description : What drug is used to prevent embolism in the lung and during myocardial infarction? (a) Alteplase (b) Human growth hormone (c) Granulocyte–macrophage colony – stimulating factor (GM–CSF) (d) EPOGEN (EPO) (e) None of the above

Last Answer : Ans: A

A patient to be commenced on oral anticoagulant therapy for DVT would be treated with (a) Oral anticoagulant therapy with warfarin for a goal intenational normalized ration (INR) of 2–3 (b) Oral anticoagulant therapy with warfarin for a goal INR of 2.5–3.5 (c) Oral anticoagulant therapy with aspirin for a goal INR of 2–3

Description : A patient to be commenced on oral anticoagulant therapy for DVT would be treated with (a) Oral anticoagulant therapy with warfarin for a goal intenational normalized ration (INR) of 2-3 (b) Oral anticoagulant therapy ... of 2.5-3.5 (c) Oral anticoagulant therapy with aspirin for a goal INR of 2-3

Last Answer : Ans: A

Use of anticoagulants in acute myocardial infarction affords the following benefit(s): A. Reduces short-term mortality B. Prevents thrombus extension and subsequent attack C. Prevents venous thromboembolism D. All of the above

Description : Use of anticoagulants in acute myocardial infarction affords the following benefit(s): A. Reduces short-term mortality B. Prevents thrombus extension and subsequent attack C. Prevents venous thromboembolism D. All of the above

Last Answer : C. Prevents venous thromboembolism

Thrombolytic therapy instituted within 3-6 hours of onset of acute myocardial infarction affords the following benefit(s): A. Reduces mortality B. Reduces area of myocardial necrosis C. Preserves ventricular function D. All of the above

Description : Thrombolytic therapy instituted within 3-6 hours of onset of acute myocardial infarction affords the following benefit(s): A. Reduces mortality B. Reduces area of myocardial necrosis C. Preserves ventricular function D. All of the above

Last Answer : D. All of the above

Lignocaine is the preferred antiarrhythmic for emergency control of cardiac arrhythmias following acute myocardial infarction because: A. It has a rapidly developing and titratable antiarrhythmic action B. It causes little myocardial depression and hypotension C. It has broad spectrum antiarrhythmic efficacy in atrial as well as ventricular arrhythmias D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’ are correct

Description : Lignocaine is the preferred antiarrhythmic for emergency control of cardiac arrhythmias following acute myocardial infarction because: A. It has a rapidly developing and titratable antiarrhythmic action B. It causes ... atrial as well as ventricular arrhythmias D. Both A' and B' are correct

Last Answer : D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’ are correct

Noradrenaline is administered by (a) Subcutaneous injection (b) Intramuscular injection (c) Slow intravenous infusion (d) All of the above routes

Description : Noradrenaline is administered by (a) Subcutaneous injection (b) Intramuscular injection (c) Slow intravenous infusion (d) All of the above routes

Last Answer : Ans: C

Noradrenaline is administered by: A. Subcutaneous injection B. Intramuscular injection C. Slow intravenous infusion D. All of the above routes

Description : Noradrenaline is administered by: A. Subcutaneous injection B. Intramuscular injection C. Slow intravenous infusion D. All of the above routes

Last Answer : C. Slow intravenous infusion

Noradrenaline is administered by: A. Subcutaneous injection B. Intramuscular injection C. Slow intravenous infusion D. All of the above routes

Description : Noradrenaline is administered by: A. Subcutaneous injection B. Intramuscular injection C. Slow intravenous infusion D. All of the above routes

Last Answer : C. Slow intravenous infusion

Serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase is raised in (A) Haemolytic jaundice (B) Myocardial infarction (C) Alcoholic hepatitis (D) Acute cholecystitis

Description : Serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase is raised in (A) Haemolytic jaundice (B) Myocardial infarction (C) Alcoholic hepatitis (D) Acute cholecystitis

Last Answer : Answer : C

Quinidine can cause paradoxical tachycardia in a patient of (a) Stick sinus syndrome (b) Auricular extrasystoles (c) Auricular fibrillation (d) Ventricular extrasystoles

Description : Quinidine can cause paradoxical tachycardia in a patient of (a) Stick sinus syndrome (b) Auricular extrasystoles (c) Auricular fibrillation (d) Ventricular extrasystoles

Last Answer : Ans: C

Use of adenosine for terminating an episode of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia has the following advantages except: A. It does not produce any side effect B. It can be given to patients with low blood pressure C. Its action lasts less than 1 min after bolus intravenous injection D. It is effective in patients not responding to verapamil

Description : Use of adenosine for terminating an episode of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia has the following advantages except: A. It does not produce any side effect B. It can be given to patients ... 1 min after bolus intravenous injection D. It is effective in patients not responding to verapamil

Last Answer : A. It does not produce any side effect

The slow moving fraction of LDH is typically increased in pancreas with (A) Cerebrovascular accidents (B) Acute myocardial infarction (C) Acute pancreatitis (D) Acute viral hepatits

Description : The slow moving fraction of LDH is typically increased in pancreas with (A) Cerebrovascular accidents (B) Acute myocardial infarction (C) Acute pancreatitis (D) Acute viral hepatits

Last Answer : Answer : D

Vasodilators are used to treat: A. Acute heart failure attending myocardial infarction B. Chronic heart failure due to diastolic dysfunction C. Chronic heart failure due to both systolic as well as diastolic dysfunction D. All of the above

Description : Vasodilators are used to treat: A. Acute heart failure attending myocardial infarction B. Chronic heart failure due to diastolic dysfunction C. Chronic heart failure due to both systolic as well as diastolic dysfunction D. All of the above

Last Answer : D. All of the above

Select the route of administration which carries the highest risk of adversely affecting vital functions: A. Intra arterial injection B. Intrathecal injection C. Intravenous injection D. Intramuscular injection

Description : Select the route of administration which carries the highest risk of adversely affecting vital functions: A. Intra arterial injection B. Intrathecal injection C. Intravenous injection D. Intramuscular injection

Last Answer : C. Intravenous injection

Select the route of administration which carries the highest risk of adversely affecting vital functions: A. Intra arterial injection B. Intrathecal injection C. Intravenous injection D. Intramuscular injection

Description : Select the route of administration which carries the highest risk of adversely affecting vital functions: A. Intra arterial injection B. Intrathecal injection C. Intravenous injection D. Intramuscular injection

Last Answer : C. Intravenous injection

A drug (200 mg dose) administered in tablet form and as intravenous injection (50 mg dose) showed AUG of 100 and 200 microgram hr/mL, respectively. The absolute availability of the drug through oral administration is : (A) 125% (B) 250 % (C) 12.5% (D) 1.25%

Description : A drug (200 mg dose) administered in tablet form and as intravenous injection (50 mg dose) showed AUG of 100 and 200 microgram hr/mL, respectively. The absolute availability of the drug through oral administration is : (A) 125% (B) 250 % (C) 12.5% (D) 1.25%

Last Answer : (C) 12.5%

A patient of acute myocardial infarction has been brought to the ICU. What is the time lapse since symptom onset beyond which you will not consider instituting thrombolytic therapy: A. 3 hours B. 6 hours C. 16 hours D. 24 hours

Description : A patient of acute myocardial infarction has been brought to the ICU. What is the time lapse since symptom onset beyond which you will not consider instituting thrombolytic therapy: A. 3 hours B. 6 hours C. 16 hours D. 24 hours

Last Answer : C. 16 hours

Acute renal failure (ARF) may be caused by all of the following except (a) Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) due to drug therapy (e.g., aminoglycosides, contrast media) (b) Severe hypotension or circulatolry collapse (c) Decreased cardiac output, as from congestive heart failure (d) Hemolysis, myoglobinuria (e) Hyperkalemia

Description : Acute renal failure (ARF) may be caused by all of the following except (a) Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) due to drug therapy (e.g., aminoglycosides, contrast media) (b) Severe hypotension ... (c) Decreased cardiac output, as from congestive heart failure (d) Hemolysis, myoglobinuria (e) Hyperkalemia

Last Answer : Ans: E