List four dynamic characteristics of instruments. Define any two of them.

List four dynamic characteristics of instruments. Define any two of them.
by

1 Answer

Answer :

Dynamic characteristics of instruments are:

1. Speed of response

2. Fidelity

3. Lag

4. Dynamic error.

Definition:

1. Speed of response:

The rapidity with which instrument responds to make changes in the measured quantity is called as speed of response.

2. Fidelity:

The degree to which instrument indicates the change in measured variable without dynamic error is called as fidelity.

3. Lag:

The retardation on delay in the response of an instrument to make the change in measure quantity is known as lag.

4. Dynamic error:

The difference between the true value of a quantity changing with time and the value indicated by the instrument if no static error is assumed is called as dynamic error.
by

Related questions

Define any two dynamic characteristics of measurements.

Description : Define any two dynamic characteristics of measurements.

Last Answer : 1. Speed of response: The rapidity with which instrument responds to make changes in the measured quantity is called as speed of response. 2. Fidelity: The degree to which instrument indicates the ... the value indicated by the instrument if no static error is assumed is called as dynamic error.

Define calibration of instruments. Explain why calibration is needed for measuring instruments.

Description : Define calibration of instruments. Explain why calibration is needed for measuring instruments.

Last Answer : Calibration - It is a process of estimating the value of a quantity by comparing that quantity with a standard quantity. Need of calibration: - Calibration defines the accuracy and quality ... aim of calibration is to minimize any measurement uncertainty by ensuring the accuracy of test equipment.

Define the following: 1) Speed of response 2) Lag 3) Fidelity 4) Dynamic Error.

Description : Define the following: 1) Speed of response 2) Lag 3) Fidelity 4) Dynamic Error. 

Last Answer : (1) Speed of Response: It is the rapidity with which an instrument responds to changes in the measured quantity.  (2) Lag : It is the retardation or delay in the response of an instrument ... with time and value indicated by instrument if no static error is assumed is called as dynamic error.

Draw the construction and explain working principle of PMMC instruments

Description : Draw the construction and explain working principle of PMMC instruments

Last Answer : Working: When current passes through the coil a deflecting torque is produced. This deflecting torque is produced due to interaction between magnetic field produced by permanent magnet ... equilibrium; this is possible only when the controlling torque becomes equal to the deflecting torque 

How are instruments classified? Describe the different types.

Description : How are instruments classified? Describe the different types.

Last Answer : The instruments are classified depending upon: a. Principle of operation: E.g.: Magnetic meter, induction meter. b. Permissible percentage error c. Depending upon application: E. ... measured by observing the output indicated by instrument. Example: Voltmeter, Thermometer, pressure guage.

State different types of errors in Instruments.

Description : State different types of errors in Instruments.

Last Answer : There are three types of error 1) Gross Error: These errors are mainly human mistakes in reading instruments and recording and calculating measurement results. 2) Systematic Error : These types of ... operator 3) Random Error.:These errors are due to unknown causes which are not determinable.

List four specifications of function generator.

Description : List four specifications of function generator. 

Last Answer : Specifications: 1. Output- Square wave , sine wave, Triangular, TTL pulse 2. Frequency Ranges- 0.1 Hz to 11 MHz, up/down range switchable in eight decade steps 3. Dial Range-1 to 11 calibrated 0.1 to 1 uncalibrated 4. Pulse and Ramp Aspect Ratio-95:5

List four controls on front panel of dual trace CRO.

Description : List four controls on front panel of dual trace CRO. 

Last Answer : (i)X-shift on CRO: Controls the horizontal position of the display i.e moves the spot across the screen left and right. ii) CT MODE Button on CRO: To test different components iii) Symmetry knob on ... Button on CRO: In DUAL, operates as a DUAL trace scope in ALT or CHOP mode as selected.

List four applications of CRO.

Description : List four applications of CRO.

Last Answer : Applications of CRO: 1. It is used in laboratory for measurement of AC/DC voltage, current, frequency, phase and study nature of waveform. 2. It is used in TV receiver for creation of ... modulation percentage of modulated wave. 10. It is also used to check radiation pattern generated by antenna.

List four applications of digital multimeter.

Description : List four applications of digital multimeter.

Last Answer : Applications : 1. It is used continuity test. 2. It is used to check diode 3. It is used to check transistor 4. It is used to measure voltage, current & resistance.

List any four types of transducer.

Description : List any four types of transducer.

Last Answer : Types of Transducer based on Quantity to be Measured Temperature transducers Pressure transducers Displacement transducers Flow transducers Types of Transducer based on the Principle of ... Whether an External Power Source is required or not Active Transducer Passive Transducer

List dynamic characteristics of instruments.

Description : List dynamic characteristics of instruments.

Last Answer : Speed of Response: It is the rapidity with which a measurement system responds to changes in the measured quantity.  Measuring Lag: It is the retardation or delay in the response of a ... quantity changing with time and the value indicated by the measurement system if there is no static error.

Draw block diagram of function generator and list two specifications of it.

Description : Draw block diagram of function generator and list two specifications of it. 

Last Answer : Specifications: 1. Output- Square wave , sine wave, Triangular, TTL pulse 2. Frequency Ranges- 0.1 Hz to 11 MHz, up/down range switchable in eight decade steps 3. Dial Range-1 to 11 calibrated 0.1 to 1 uncalibrated 4. Pulse and Ramp Aspect Ratio-95:5

List two advantages of PMMC instrument.

Description : List two advantages of PMMC instrument.

Last Answer : 1. It has uniform scale. 2. Power consumption is low 3. It can be obtained in wide ranges. 4. High sensitivity & accuracy 5. It is unaffected by external magnetic field. 6. Additional damping device not required. 7. Hysteresis problem is not there.

Define transducer. Give two examples of transducer.

Description : Define transducer. Give two examples of transducer.

Last Answer : It is a device which convert any form of physical energy in to electrical energy. Two examples of transducer (1) Strain gauge (2) Thermistor (3) Thermocouple (4) LVDT

List different types of CRO probes

Description : List different types of CRO probes

Last Answer : 1. Passive probes 2. Active probes 3. High voltage probes 4. Current probes 5. Differential probes

List the different types of errors and list out their sources.

Description : List the different types of errors and list out their sources.

Last Answer : 1. Static error : The error which occurs in stationary condition is called as static error. These are classified as: i. Gross errors: the errors which occur due to human mistakes while taking ... with time and value indicated by instrument if no static error is assumed is called as dynamic error.

List applications of ohmmeter.

Description : List applications of ohmmeter.

Last Answer : 1. The ohmmeter is a meter for measuring electrical resistance in ohm. 2. It is used as Megger to measure high resistance. 3. It is used to test the power circuits.

List the applications of DAS.

Description : List the applications of DAS. 

Last Answer : Applications of DAS: (I) In Aerospace (II) In biomedical (III) Telemetry industries (IV) When physical quantity being monitored

List different types of errors.

Description : List different types of errors.

Last Answer : There are three types of error 1) Gross Error: These errors are mainly human mistakes in reading instruments and recording and calculating measurement results. 2) Systematic Error : These types of ... operator . 3) Random Error.:These errors are due to unknown causes which are not determinable

Define wave analyser and state its need, Draw the block diagram of it.

Description : Define wave analyser and state its need, Draw the block diagram of it. 

Last Answer : Wave analyzer:- Wave analyzer is an instrument which is used to measure the magnitude of the various harmonics of a complex waveform. It is an instrument that is designed to measure the relative amplitudes ... distortion and the system signal to noise ratio. Block Diagram of Wave analyser

Define standards. State and explain classification of standards.

Description : Define standards. State and explain classification of standards.

Last Answer : Standards:-Standard is a physical representation of a unit of measurement. A known accurate measure of physical quantity is termed as standard. These standards are used to determine ... used to check components and calibrating laboratory instruments to achieve good accuracy and better performance.

Define signal generator and state its need.

Description : Define signal generator and state its need.

Last Answer : Signal Generator: A signal generator is an electronic device that generates repeating or Non-repeating electronic signals in either the analog or the digital domain. Need: The generation of ... of various electronic systems and for replacing missing signals in systems being analysed for repair. 

Define: i)Accuracy ii)Precision

Description : Define: i)Accuracy ii)Precision

Last Answer : Accuracy: The degree of closeness with which an instrument approaches the true value of the quantity being measured is known as accuracy.  Precision:The measure of the degree to which successive measurements differ from each other is known as precision 

Define Lissajous pattern. Explain how Lissajous pattern is useful for frequency and phase measurement.

Description : Define Lissajous pattern. Explain how Lissajous pattern is useful for frequency and phase measurement.

Last Answer : Lissajous Pattern : The CRO is set to operate in the X- Y mode, when two sine waves of the same frequency are applied to the CRO (One vertical and one horizontal deflection plates) then the display obtained on ... 1. Lissajous pattern for ratio 3:1    2. Lissajous pattern for ratio 3:2  

Define the term standards ,state the type of standard.

Description : Define the term standards ,state the type of standard. 

Last Answer : Standards:-Standard is a physical representation of a unit of measurement. A known accurate measure of physical quantity is termed as standard. These standards are used to determine the ... check components and calibrating laboratory instruments to achieve good accuracy and better performance.  

Define: (i) Accuracy (ii) Sensitivity

Description : Define: (i) Accuracy  (ii) Sensitivity

Last Answer : (i) Accuracy: It is the degree of closeness with which an instrument reading approaches the true value of the quantity being measured. (ii) Sensitivity: The ratio of change in output of an instrument to the change in input is known as sensitivity.  Sensitivity = Change in output/ Change in input

Define: (i) Absolute Instrument (ii) Secondary Instrument

Description : Define: (i) Absolute Instrument (ii) Secondary Instrument 

Last Answer : i)Absolute Instrument:An instrument whose calibration can be determined by means of physical measurements on the instrument.  ii)Secondary Instrument:Secondary instruments are those, in which the ... instruments, only when they have been pre-calibrated by comparison with an absolute instrument.

Define signal conditioning system.

Description : Define signal conditioning system.

Last Answer : Signal conditioning is the manipulation of a signal in a way that prepares it for the next stage of processing. Many applications involve environmental or structural measurement, such as temperature and vibration, from sensors.

Define : (i) Sensor (ii) Transducer

Description : Define : (i) Sensor (ii) Transducer

Last Answer : (i) Sensor : A device which detects or measures a physical property and records, indicates, or otherwise responds to it. (ii) Transducer : a device that converts variations in a physical quantity, such as pressure or brightness, into an electrical signal, or vice versa.

Define : (i) Resolution (ii) Accuracy

Description : Define : (i) Resolution (ii) Accuracy

Last Answer : (i) Resolution: The smallest change in input to which instrument can respond is known as resolution. (ii) Accuracy: It is the degree of closeness with which an instrument reading approaches the true value of the quantity being measured. 

Define : (i) Laminar flow (ii) Turbulent flow

Description : Define : (i) Laminar flow (ii) Turbulent flow

Last Answer : Laminar flow: - 1. Laminar flow occurs when the fluid flows in infinitesimal parallel layers with no disruption between them. For laminar flow Reynolds number Re < 2300 OR 2. The flow in which ... such a way that its velocity changes irregularly, such type of flow is known as turbulent flow. 

Define the term ‘Measurement’.

Description : Define the term ‘Measurement’.

Last Answer : Measurement is the result or act of a quantitative comparison between a predetermined standard and an unknown magnitude. Or Measurement is the result of an opinion formed by one or more observers about the relative size or intensity of some physical quantity.

Sketch block diagram of pattern generator and draw any four test patterns

Description : Sketch block diagram of pattern generator and draw any four test patterns

Last Answer :  Block Diagram of Pattern Generator: Test patterns of Pattern Generator:

Give any four points of comparison between dual trace CRO & dual beam CRO.

Description : Give any four points of comparison between dual trace CRO & dual beam CRO.

Last Answer : Sr.N o Single Beam Dual Trace CRO Dual Beam Dual Trace CRO 1 A single electron beam is used to display two traces.  Two electron beams are used for displaying two traces/signals. ... two traces is very simple in Dual Beam oscilloscope. 6 Cost is less  Cost is high

State any four precautions to be taken while using an Ammeter and Voltmeter.

Description : State any four precautions to be taken while using an Ammeter and Voltmeter. 

Last Answer : Precautions to be taken while using Ammeters: Ammeters are to be connected in series of circuits. 1. While connecting ammeters across emf source always a series resistance should be used. This ... first &then range should be decreased. 4. Loading effect can be minimized by using high sensitivity

State any four applications of spectrum analyzer.

Description : State any four applications of spectrum analyzer.

Last Answer : Applications: 1. Spectrum analyzer is a very important item of test equipment for someone designing or repairing electronic equipment that uses radio frequency signals. 2. Its key factor is that it is ... of the dominant frequency within a signal 8. Used to measure the properties of RF devices

State any four specifications of digital voltmeter.

Description : State any four specifications of digital voltmeter. 

Last Answer : DC Voltage – 1 Five voltage ranges from ±200 to ±1000 2 Accuracy is about ±0.03% 3 Resolution is about 10µV AC Voltage1. Five voltage range available for 200mV to 750V 2. Accuracy is dependent on frequency. Best accuracy obtained is 0.5%

State the static and dynamic characteristics of instruments.

Description : State the static and dynamic characteristics of instruments. 

Last Answer : Static characteristics: i. Accuracy ii. Sensitivity iii. Reproducibility iv. Drift v.Static error vi. Dead zone vii. Repeatability viii. Precision ix Linearity  Dynamic characteristics: i. Speed of response ii. Measuring lag iii. Fidelity iv. Dynamic error

Draw the construction of CRT. Write two materials used for CRT display screen.

Description : Draw the construction of CRT. Write two materials used for CRT display screen. 

Last Answer : Two materials used for CRT display screen: The role of this part is to display where the electrons are hitting the CRT. It is a screen coated with a material that emits light when struck by electrons. Zinc sulphide or Phosphorus are two commonly used materials. 

State two uses of logic analyser.

Description : State two uses of logic analyser. 

Last Answer : 1. Real time application 2. Troubleshooting and analysis of digital systems 3. Compatible with printer using RS 232 and IEEE 488 interface 4. Testing the IC s to detect defect before constructed. ... Industries. 7. In various software industries. 8. To find fault in Bio- medical instruments. 

Draw block diagram of successive approximation digital voltmeter. State its two advantages and two disadvantages

Description : Draw block diagram of successive approximation digital voltmeter. State its two advantages and two disadvantages

Last Answer : Block diagram Or Advantages: o It is economical method of analog to digital conversion. o The resolution is up to 5 important digits are obtained. Disadvantages: o ... depends on which type of switches are used. o The conversion time required for digital to analog converter.

Write any two applications of Instrumentation System.

Description : Write any two applications of Instrumentation System.

Last Answer :  Instrumentation is used to measure many parameters (physical values). These parameters include: Pressure,either differential or static Flow Temperature Levels of liquids, etc. ... Inductance Capacitance Resistivity Chemical composition Chemical properties Position Vibration

Give any two applications of LED and LCD each.

Description : Give any two applications of LED and LCD each. 

Last Answer : Two applications of LED (1) As an indicators and small display. (2) In digital thermometer, pulse rate meter. (3) In patient monitoring. Two applications of LCD (1) In video games (2) In calculators (3) In test equipments (4) In gauges and counters

Draw block diagram of digital frequency meter in time mode and describe its operation.

Description : Draw block diagram of digital frequency meter in time mode and describe its operation.

Last Answer : OR Operation: The input signal is amplified and converted to a square wave by a Schmitt Trigger circuit. In this diagram the square wave is differentiated and clipped to ... thereby closing it. The decimal counter and display unit output correspond to the number of input pulses. 

Draw block diagram of DMM. State its advantages.

Description : Draw block diagram of DMM. State its advantages.

Last Answer : Advantages of DMM: 1. DMM provides numerical readouts that eliminate observational errors. Thus providing better readability. 2. DMM offers better accuracy and versatility as compared to ... memory devices for further computations. 5. The decreased size of DMM increases the portability

What is LCR meter? Draw digital LCR –Q meter block diagram.

Description : What is LCR meter? Draw digital LCR –Q meter block diagram.

Last Answer : An LCR meter is a type of electronic test equipment used to measure the inductance (L), capacitance (C), and resistance (R) of an electronic component. Block diagram digital LCR –Q meter  

Draw Q meter circuit of series connection and explain it.

Description : Draw Q meter circuit of series connection and explain it.

Last Answer : Q meter circuit of series connection OR Explanation The Q meter works on series resonant. The resonance is the condition exists in the circuit when their inductance and capacitance reactance are ... . Hence E=Q Ec so ,the voltmeter is calibrated for finding the value of Q factor.  

Draw block diagram of distortion factor meter and explain its operation.

Description : Draw block diagram of distortion factor meter and explain its operation.

Last Answer : Block Diagram Operation This meter consist following four sections 1. Impedance converter along with input circuit 2. Rejection amplifier 3. Metering circuit 4. Power circuit 1. ... of the total input voltage. 4. The power supply unit provides the supply for proper operation 

Draw block diagram of spectrum analyser, State applications of spectrum analyser.

Description : Draw block diagram of spectrum analyser, State applications of spectrum analyser.

Last Answer : Block Diagram: Applications: 1. Spectrum analyzer is a very important item of test equipment for someone designing or repairing electronic equipment that uses radio frequency signals. 2. Its ... of the dominant frequency within a signal 8. Used to measure the properties of RF devices