Enumerate the morphological adaptations of Xerophytes.

Enumerate the morphological adaptations of Xerophytes.  
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Ans: 1. Root system is well developed with more lateral roots with root caps and root hairs. 2. Stem may be stunted and woody with thick bark. Stem may be underground in some. Stem is succulent, green phylloclade which stores water and performs photosynthesis as in Opuntia. In some stem is covered with waxy coating as in Calotropis. 3. Leaves are reduced to scales as in Casuarina or spines as in Opuntia. Leaflets are small in Acacia. Phyllodes are seen in Acacia melanoxylon and Parkinsonia. Leaves may be succulent as in Aloe and Bryophyllum. Leaf surface is shiny as in Calotropis.  
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