The four reasons are : (i) There was no shortage of human labour in the Victorian England. When there is plenty of labour, wages are low, the industrialists did not want to introduce machines that got rid of human labour, and required large capital investment. (ii) In many industries demand for labour was seasonal (for example, gas works and breweries) So more workers were needed in peak season. So, industrialists usually preferred hand labour, employing workers for the season only. (iii) A range of products could be produced only by hand labour. Machines could produce standardised goods for a mass market. The demand in the market was for goods with intricate designs and specific shapes (for example, hammers). These required human skills, not mechanical technology. (iv) In Victorian Britain, the upper classes the aristocats and the bourgevisie preferred things produced by hand. Handmade products symbolised class and refinement. They were better finished and carefully designed. Machine made goods were for exports to colonies only.