. Geothermal energy refers to the heat and electricity produced by using the heat from the interior of the earth. . It exists because the earth grows progressively hotter with increasing depth. . Where the geothermal gradient is high, high temperatures are found at shallow depths. . Groundwater in such areas absorbs heat from the rocks and becomes hot. . It is so hot that when it rises to the earth’s surface, it turns into steam. This steam is used to drive turbines and generate electricity. Two experimental projects: One is located in the Parvati valley near Manikaran in Himachal Pradesh and the other is located in the puga valley, Ladakh.