(i) Charles Booth conducted the first social survey of low-skilled London workers the East End of London. He found that about 1 million Londoners i.e. about one-fifth of the population of London at the rime, were very poor. (ii) These poor people were expected to live only upto an average age of 29 in comparison to the average life expectancy of 55 among the gentry and middle classes. (iii) These people were more than likely to die in a workhouse, hospital or lunatic asylum. (iv) He concluded that London needed the rebuilding of at least 4,00,000 rooms to house its poorest citizens. (v) For a while the better-off city dwellers continued to demand that slums simply be cleared away. But gradually, a large number of people began to recognise the need for housing for the poor.