(a) Laterite soil. Two states where this soil is found are Karnataka and Orissa. (b) Two characteristics of red soil are : (i) It does not retain water as it is porous. (ii) It is rich in iron but poor in nitrogen and phosphorus. (c) Soil conservation is an effort, made by man to prevent soil erosion to retain the fertility of soil. It aims at prevention as well as reclamation of soil that has been damaged by natural phenomena. Farming technique which help in soil conservation are : (i) Contour ploughing (ii) Terracing and contour bunding. (d) (i) Transported soil—When soil is carried from the place of its origin to another place by the agents of gradation such as river is called transported soil, e.g., Alluvial soil. (ii) In Situ—When the soil remains at the place of its origin it is called In situ. e.g. Black soil. (iii) Humus—The decomposed form of plant remains, animal manure and dead animals is called humus. It makes the soil fertile, porous and light.