Which of the following designs permits a comparison of pretest scores to determine the initial equivalence of groups on the pretest before the treatment variable is introduced into the research setting. a. One-group pretest-posttest design b. Pretest-posttest control group design c. Posttest-only design with nonequivalent groups d. Both b and c

Which of the following designs permits a comparison of pretest scores to determine the initial
equivalence of groups on the pretest before the treatment variable is introduced into the research
setting.
a. One-group pretest-posttest design
b. Pretest-posttest control group design
c. Posttest-only design with nonequivalent groups
d. Both b and c
by

1 Answer

Answer :

b. Pretest-posttest control group design
by

Related questions

The posttest-only design with nonequivalent groups is likely to control for which of the following threats to internal validity: a. History b. Differential selection c. additive and interactive effects d. differential attrition

Description : The posttest-only design with nonequivalent groups is likely to control for which of the following threats to internal validity: a. History b. Differential selection c. additive and interactive effects d. differential attrition

Last Answer : a. History

In research, something that does not "vary" is called a ___________. a. Variable b. Method c. Constant d. control group

Description : In research, something that does not "vary" is called a ___________. a. Variable b. Method c. Constant d. control group

Last Answer : d. control group

The degree to which the components of the research reflect the theory, concept, or variable under study is termed as; a. Design Validity b. Threats to Validity c. Internal validity d. External validity

Description : The degree to which the components of the research reflect the theory, concept, or variable under study is termed as; a. Design Validity b. Threats to Validity c. Internal validity d. External validity

Last Answer : a. Design Validity

Which of the following control techniques available to the researcher controls for both known and unknown variables? a. Building the extraneous variable into the design b. Matching c. Random assignment d. Analysis of covariance

Description : Which of the following control techniques available to the researcher controls for both known and unknown variables? a. Building the extraneous variable into the design b. Matching c. Random assignment d. Analysis of covariance

Last Answer : c. Random assignment

Which type of reliability refers to the consistency of a group of individuals' scores on two equivalent forms of a test designed to measure the same characteristic? a. Split-half b. Test-retest c. Split-forms d. Equivalent forms

Description : Which type of reliability refers to the consistency of a group of individuals' scores on two equivalent forms of a test designed to measure the same characteristic? a. Split-half b. Test-retest c. Split-forms d. Equivalent forms

Last Answer : d. Equivalent forms

In 1859, Florence initial research activities which looked at the importance of leading environment in; a. Promoting physical well being b. Promoting social well being c. Promoting physical and mental well being d. All of the above

Description : In 1859, Florence initial research activities which looked at the importance of leading environment in; a. Promoting physical well being b. Promoting social well being c. Promoting physical and mental well being d. All of the above

Last Answer : c. Promoting physical and mental well being

All of the following are common characteristics of experimental research except: a. It relies primarily on the collection of numerical data b. It can produce important knowledge about cause and effect c. It uses the deductive scientific method d. It rarely is conducted in a controlled setting or environment

Description : All of the following are common characteristics of experimental research except: a. It relies primarily on the collection of numerical data b. It can produce important knowledge about cause and ... uses the deductive scientific method d. It rarely is conducted in a controlled setting or environment

Last Answer : d. It rarely is conducted in a controlled setting or environment

In an experimental research study, the primary goal is to isolate and identify the effect produced by the ____. a. Dependent variable b. Extraneous variable c. Independent variable d. Confounding variable

Description : In an experimental research study, the primary goal is to isolate and identify the effect produced by the ____. a. Dependent variable b. Extraneous variable c. Independent variable d. Confounding variable

Last Answer : c. Independent variable

______ research occurs when the researcher manipulates the independent variable. a. causal-comparative research b. experimental research c. ethnography d. correlational research

Description : ______ research occurs when the researcher manipulates the independent variable. a. causal-comparative research b. experimental research c. ethnography d. correlational research

Last Answer : b. experimental research

Which one most closely refers to a judgment of the extent to which scores from a test can be used to infer, or predict, the examinees' performance in some activity: a. Content reliability b. Face validity c. Criterion-related validity d. Inference validity

Description : Which one most closely refers to a judgment of the extent to which scores from a test can be used to infer, or predict, the examinees' performance in some activity: a. Content reliability b. Face validity c. Criterion-related validity d. Inference validity

Last Answer : c. Criterion-related validity

Which of the following types of reliability refers to the consistency of test scores over time? a. Equivalent forms reliability b. Split-half reliability c. Test-retest reliability d. Inter-scorer reliability

Description : Which of the following types of reliability refers to the consistency of test scores over time? a. Equivalent forms reliability b. Split-half reliability c. Test-retest reliability d. Inter-scorer reliability

Last Answer : c. Test-retest reliability

Which of the following statements accurately describes test-retest reliability? a. Measure of consistency of test scores over time b. Measure of consistency of scores obtained from two equivalent halves of same test c. Measure of consistency with which a test measures a single construct or concept d. Measure of degree of agreement between two or more scorers, judges, or raters

Description : Which of the following statements accurately describes test-retest reliability? a. Measure of consistency of test scores over time b. Measure of consistency of scores obtained from two equivalent halves of ... concept d. Measure of degree of agreement between two or more scorers, judges, or raters

Last Answer : a. Measure of consistency of test scores over time

Which is the process of gathering evidence supporting inferences based test scores? a. Validation b. Validity c. Reliability d. Prediction

Description : Which is the process of gathering evidence supporting inferences based test scores? a. Validation b. Validity c. Reliability d. Prediction

Last Answer : a. Validation

Reliability is most simply known as which of the following? a. Consistency or stability b. Appropriateness of interpretations on the basis of test scores c. Ways in which people are the same d. A rank order of participants on some characteristic

Description : Reliability is most simply known as which of the following? a. Consistency or stability b. Appropriateness of interpretations on the basis of test scores c. Ways in which people are the same d. A rank order of participants on some characteristic

Last Answer : a. Consistency or stability

Let’s say that a test accurately indicates participants’ scores on a future criterion (e.g., the PSAT is used to indicate high-school GPA scores). This test would clearly have which of the following? a. Face validity b. Concurrent validity c. Predictive validity d. Content validity

Description : Let’s say that a test accurately indicates participants’ scores on a future criterion (e.g., the PSAT is used to indicate high-school GPA scores). This test would clearly have which of the following? a. Face validity b. Concurrent validity c. Predictive validity d. Content validity

Last Answer : c. Predictive validity

The correlation between intelligence test scores and grades is: a. Positive b. Negative c. Perfect d. They are not correlated

Description : The correlation between intelligence test scores and grades is: a. Positive b. Negative c. Perfect d. They are not correlated

Last Answer : a. Positive

The group that does not receive the experimental treatment condition is the ________. a. Experimental group b. Control group c. Treatment group d. Independent group

Description : The group that does not receive the experimental treatment condition is the ________. a. Experimental group b. Control group c. Treatment group d. Independent group

Last Answer : b. Control group

Which of the following is usually not a characteristic of qualitative research? a. Design flexibility b. Dynamic systems c. Naturalistic inquiry d. Deductive design

Description : Which of the following is usually not a characteristic of qualitative research? a. Design flexibility b. Dynamic systems c. Naturalistic inquiry d. Deductive design

Last Answer : c. Naturalistic inquiry

Which of the following is a characteristic of qualitative research? a. Design flexibility b. Inductive analysis c. Context sensitivity d. All of the above

Description : Which of the following is a characteristic of qualitative research? a. Design flexibility b. Inductive analysis c. Context sensitivity d. All of the above

Last Answer : d. All of the above

Which of the following attempts to understand relationships among phenomena as they naturally occur, without any intervention? a. Ex post facto research b. Experimental research c. Prospective design d. Retrospective design

Description : Which of the following attempts to understand relationships among phenomena as they naturally occur, without any intervention? a. Ex post facto research b. Experimental research c. Prospective design d. Retrospective design

Last Answer : a. Ex post facto research

Which is not a direct threat to the internal validity of a research design? a. History b. Testing c. Sampling error d. Differential selection

Description : Which is not a direct threat to the internal validity of a research design? a. History b. Testing c. Sampling error d. Differential selection

Last Answer : c. Sampling error

The statement of purpose in a research study should: a. Identify the design of the study b. Identify the intent or objective of the study c. Specify the type of people to be used in the study d. Describe the study

Description : The statement of purpose in a research study should: a. Identify the design of the study b. Identify the intent or objective of the study c. Specify the type of people to be used in the study d. Describe the study

Last Answer : b. Identify the intent or objective of the study

good qualitative problem statement: a. Defines the independent and dependent variables b. Conveys a sense of emerging design c. Specifies a research hypothesis to be tested d. Specifies the relationship between variables that the researcher expects to find

Description : good qualitative problem statement: a. Defines the independent and dependent variables b. Conveys a sense of emerging design c. Specifies a research hypothesis to be tested d. Specifies the relationship between variables that the researcher expects to find

Last Answer : b. Conveys a sense of emerging design

A researcher studies a Kashmiri group for a six month period to learn all about them so he can write a book about that particular tribe. What type of research will he likely be conducting? a. Ethnography b. Phenomenology c. Grounded theory d. Collective case study

Description : A researcher studies a Kashmiri group for a six month period to learn all about them so he can write a book about that particular tribe. What type of research will he likely be conducting? a. Ethnography b. Phenomenology c. Grounded theory d. Collective case study

Last Answer : a. Ethnography

The type of qualitative research that describes the culture of a group of people is called; a. Phenomenology b. Grounded theory c. Ethnography d. Case study

Description : The type of qualitative research that describes the culture of a group of people is called; a. Phenomenology b. Grounded theory c. Ethnography d. Case study

Last Answer : c. Ethnography

Research participants must give what before they can participate in a study? a. Guidelines b. A commitment c. Informed consent d. Private information

Description : Research participants must give what before they can participate in a study? a. Guidelines b. A commitment c. Informed consent d. Private information

Last Answer : c. Informed consent

An extraneous variable that systematically varies with the independent variable and also influences the dependent variable is known as a _______________. a. Confounding variable b. Third variable c. Second variable d. Both a and b are correct

Description : An extraneous variable that systematically varies with the independent variable and also influences the dependent variable is known as a _______________. a. Confounding variable b. Third variable c. Second variable d. Both a and b are correct

Last Answer : d. Both a and b are correct

Which of the following research utilizes statistics to make generalization? a. Outcome research b. Qualitative research c. Quantitative research d. a and b only

Description : Which of the following research utilizes statistics to make generalization? a. Outcome research b. Qualitative research c. Quantitative research d. a and b only

Last Answer : c. Quantitative research

Selection of sample in this study is an important step in doing research. A good sample is: a. One that includes both male and female nurses b. One that shows a balance in the number of nurses from hospital and school c. One that is representative of the population from which it was selected d. One that can be manipulated and controlled

Description : Selection of sample in this study is an important step in doing research. A good sample is: a. One that includes both male and female nurses b. One that shows a balance in the number of ... is representative of the population from which it was selected d. One that can be manipulated and controlled

Last Answer : c. One that is representative of the population from which it was selected

Which of the following need(s) to be obtained when doing research with children? a. Informed consent from the parent or guardian b. Assent from the child if he or she is capable c. Informed consent from the child d. Both a and b

Description : Which of the following need(s) to be obtained when doing research with children? a. Informed consent from the parent or guardian b. Assent from the child if he or she is capable c. Informed consent from the child d. Both a and b

Last Answer : d. Both a and b

A qualitative research question: a. Asks a question about some process, or phenomenon to be explored b. Is generally an open-ended question c. both a and b are correct d. None of the above

Description : A qualitative research question: a. Asks a question about some process, or phenomenon to be explored b. Is generally an open-ended question c. both a and b are correct d. None of the above

Last Answer : c. both a and b are correct

Which of the following refers to any systematic change that occurs over time in the way in which the dependent variable is assessed? a. Instrumentation b. Maturation c. Testing d. Selection

Description : Which of the following refers to any systematic change that occurs over time in the way in which the dependent variable is assessed? a. Instrumentation b. Maturation c. Testing d. Selection

Last Answer : a. Instrumentation

What is another term that refers to a confounding extraneous variable? a. Last variable b. First variable c. Third variable d. Fourth variable

Description : What is another term that refers to a confounding extraneous variable? a. Last variable b. First variable c. Third variable d. Fourth variable

Last Answer : c. Third variable

When a extraneous variable systematically varies with the independent variable and influences the dependent variable, it is called: a. Another dependent variable b. A confounding variable c. A moderating variable d. An unreliable variable

Description : When a extraneous variable systematically varies with the independent variable and influences the dependent variable, it is called: a. Another dependent variable b. A confounding variable c. A moderating variable d. An unreliable variable

Last Answer : b. A confounding variable

If we took the 500 nursing students attending a school in Karachi, divided them by gender, and then took a random sample of the males and a random sampling of the females, the variable on which we would divide the population is called the _____. a. Independent variable b. Dependent variable c. Stratification variable d. Sampling variable

Description : If we took the 500 nursing students attending a school in Karachi, divided them by gender, and then took a random sample of the males and a random sampling of the females, the ... called the _____. a. Independent variable b. Dependent variable c. Stratification variable d. Sampling variable

Last Answer : c. Stratification variable

Most of the outcome/dependent variable characteristics and attributes measured on educational characteristics probably exist at the ______________ level of measurement. a. Nominal b. Ordinal c. Interval d. Ratio

Description : Most of the outcome/dependent variable characteristics and attributes measured on educational characteristics probably exist at the ______________ level of measurement. a. Nominal b. Ordinal c. Interval d. Ratio

Last Answer : b. Ordinal

Which of the following can best be described as a categorical variable? a. Age b. Annual Income c. Grade Point Average d. Religion

Description : Which of the following can best be described as a categorical variable? a. Age b. Annual Income c. Grade Point Average d. Religion

Last Answer : d. Religion

A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is called a(n): a. categorical variable b. dependent variable c. independent variable d. intervening variable

Description : A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is called a(n): a. categorical variable b. dependent variable c. independent variable d. intervening variable

Last Answer : c. independent variable

The outcome that investigator is interested in understanding explaining, or predicting is described as: a. Situational variable b. Dependent variable c. Independent variable d. Extraneous variable

Description : The outcome that investigator is interested in understanding explaining, or predicting is described as: a. Situational variable b. Dependent variable c. Independent variable d. Extraneous variable

Last Answer : b. Dependent variable

A condition or characteristic that can take on different values or categories is called ___. a. A Constant b. A Variable c. A Cause-and-Effect Relationship d. A Descriptive Relationship

Description : A condition or characteristic that can take on different values or categories is called ___. a. A Constant b. A Variable c. A Cause-and-Effect Relationship d. A Descriptive Relationship

Last Answer : b. A Variable

In an experimental design the variable the researcher has control over and that is different for the treatment and control groups is called the .?

Description : In an experimental design the variable the researcher has control over and that is different for the treatment and control groups is called the .?

Last Answer : Need answer

Which of the following is not true about stratified random sampling? a. It involves a random selection process from identified subgroups b. Proportions of groups in the sample must always match their population proportions c. Disproportional stratified random sampling is especially helpful for getting large enough subgroup samples when subgroup comparisons are to be done d. Proportional stratified random sampling yields a representative sample

Description : Which of the following is not true about stratified random sampling? a. It involves a random selection process from identified subgroups b. Proportions of groups in the sample must ... subgroup comparisons are to be done d. Proportional stratified random sampling yields a representative sample

Last Answer : D. Make the sample as large as possible

Which of the following types of sampling involves the researcher determining the appropriate sample sizes for the groups identified as important, and then taking convenience samples from those groups? a. Proportional stratified sampling b. Quota sampling c. One-stage cluster sampling d. Two-stage cluster sampling

Description : Which of the following types of sampling involves the researcher determining the appropriate sample sizes for the groups identified as important, and then taking convenience samples from those groups? a. ... sampling b. Quota sampling c. One-stage cluster sampling d. Two-stage cluster sampling

Last Answer : b. Quota sampling

When testing a grade calculation system, a tester determines that all scores from 90 to 100 will yield a grade of A, but scores below 90 will not. This analysis is known as: A. Equivalence partitioning B. Boundary value analysis C. Decision table D. Hybrid analysis

Description : When testing a grade calculation system, a tester determines that all scores from 90 to 100 will yield a grade of A, but scores below 90 will not. This analysis is known as: A. Equivalence partitioning B. Boundary value analysis C. Decision table D. Hybrid analysis

Last Answer : A. Equivalence partitioning

When testing a grade calculation system, a tester determines that all scores from 90 to 100 will yield a grade of A, but scores below 90 will not. This analysis is known as: A. Equivalence partitioning B. Boundary value analysis C. Decision table D. Hybrid analysis

Description : When testing a grade calculation system, a tester determines that all scores from 90 to 100 will yield a grade of A, but scores below 90 will not. This analysis is known as: A. Equivalence partitioning B. Boundary value analysis C. Decision table D. Hybrid analysis

Last Answer : B. Boundary value analysis

Misinforming the subjects for the research purposes is called as follow? a. Anonymity b. Confidentiality c. Scientific misconduct d. Deception

Description : Misinforming the subjects for the research purposes is called as follow? a. Anonymity b. Confidentiality c. Scientific misconduct d. Deception

Last Answer : d. Deception

Which of the following is not an element of the ethical research? a. Protecting subjects rights b. Obtaining informed consent c. Obtaining institutional approval d. Unbalancing the benefits and the risk in the study

Description : Which of the following is not an element of the ethical research? a. Protecting subjects rights b. Obtaining informed consent c. Obtaining institutional approval d. Unbalancing the benefits and the risk in the study

Last Answer : d. Unbalancing the benefits and the risk in the study