Description : The posttest-only design with nonequivalent groups is likely to control for which of the following threats to internal validity: a. History b. Differential selection c. additive and interactive effects d. differential attrition
Last Answer : a. History
Description : Following are the threats to internal validity Except one; a. Novelty Effect b. History c. Selection d. Maturation
Last Answer : a. Novelty Effect
Description : The degree to which the components of the research reflect the theory, concept, or variable under study is termed as; a. Design Validity b. Threats to Validity c. Internal validity d. External validity
Last Answer : a. Design Validity
Description : Which of the following in not one of the key threats to internal validity? a. Maturation b. Instrumentation c. Temporal change d. History
Last Answer : c. Temporal change
Description : Which of the following is not true about stratified random sampling? a. It involves a random selection process from identified subgroups b. Proportions of groups in the sample must ... subgroup comparisons are to be done d. Proportional stratified random sampling yields a representative sample
Last Answer : D. Make the sample as large as possible
Description : Which one of the following is consists of rules for assigning numbers to objects to represent quantities of attributes? a. Reliability b. Measurement c. Measurement error d. Validity
Last Answer : b. Measurement
Description : Which of the following statements are true? a. The larger the sample size, the greater the sampling error b. The more categories or breakdowns you want to make in your data analysis, the larger ... the larger the sample needed d. As sample size decreases, so does the size of the confidence interval
Last Answer : b. The more categories or breakdowns you want to make in your data analysis, the larger the sample needed
Description : Which strategy used to promote qualitative research validity uses multiple research methods to study a phenomenon? a. Data triangulation b. Methods triangulation c. Theory triangulation d. Member checking
Last Answer : b. Methods triangulation
Description : The use of multiple data sources to help understand a phenomenon is one strategy that is used to promote qualitative research validity. Which of the following terms describes this strategy? a. Data matching b. Pattern matching c. Data triangulation d. Data feedback
Last Answer : c. Data triangulation
Description : Which of the following is necessary in obtaining informed consent? a. A description of the statistical analyses that will be carried out b. A description of the purpose of the research c. A description ... test instruments d. A list of publications that the researcher has had in the last ten years
Last Answer : b. A description of the purpose of the research
Description : Internal validity refers to which of the following? a. The ability to infer that a casual relationship exists between 2 variables b. The extent to which study results can be generalized to and ... the study d. The ability to generalize the study results to individuals not included in the study
Last Answer : b. The extent to which study results can be generalized to and across populations of persons, settings, and times
Description : What type of validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized across time? a. Ecological validity b. External validity c. Internal validity d. Temporal validity
Last Answer : d. Temporal validity
Description : Which type of validity refers to the degree to which you can infer that the relationship between two variables is causal? a. Internal validity b. Population validity c. Ecological validity d. Statistical conclusion validity
Last Answer : a. Internal validity
Description : Which of the following is a type of criterion–related validity evidence? a. Concurrent evidence b. Predictive evidence c. Internal consistency d. Both a and b are correct answers
Last Answer : d. Both a and b are correct answers
Description : Which of the following is characteristic of qualitative research? a. Generalization to the population b. Random sampling c. Unique case orientation d. Standardized tests and measures
Last Answer : c. Unique case orientation
Description : The nonrandom sampling type that involves selecting a convenience sample from a population with a specific set of characteristics for your research study is called _____. a. Convenience sampling b. Quota sampling c. Purposive sampling d. Snowball sampling
Last Answer : c. Purposive sampling
Description : The process of drawing a sample from a population is known as _________. a. Sampling b. Census c. Survey research d. None of the above
Last Answer : a. Sampling
Description : In which of the following nonrandom sampling techniques does the researcher ask the research participants to identify other potential research participants? a. Snowball b. Convenience c. Purposive d. Quota
Last Answer : a. Snowball
Description : Sampling in qualitative research is similar to which type of sampling in quantitative research? a. Simple random sampling b. Systematic sampling c. Quota sampling d. Purposive sampling
Last Answer : d. Purposive sampling
Description : Which of the following refers to any systematic change that occurs over time in the way in which the dependent variable is assessed? a. Instrumentation b. Maturation c. Testing d. Selection
Last Answer : a. Instrumentation
Description : Selection of sample in this study is an important step in doing research. A good sample is: a. One that includes both male and female nurses b. One that shows a balance in the number of ... is representative of the population from which it was selected d. One that can be manipulated and controlled
Last Answer : c. One that is representative of the population from which it was selected
Description : Which of the following is not an assumption underlying testing and measurement? a. Various approaches to measuring aspects of the same thing can be useful b. Error is rarely present in the measurement process c. Present-day behavior predicts future behavior d. Testing and assessment benefit society
Last Answer : b. Error is rarely present in the measurement process
Description : The use of multiple observers to allow cross-checking of observations to make sure that the investigators agree with what took place is known as a. Interpretive validity b. Researcher bias c. Multiple operationalism d. Investigator triangulation
Last Answer : d. Investigator triangulation
Description : Which one is refers to how well the particular sample of behaviors used to measure a characteristic reflects the entire domain of behaviors that constitutes that characteristic. a. Construct validity ... b. Criterion-related validity evidence c. Content validity evidence d. Face validity evidence
Last Answer : c. Content validity evidence
Description : Which one most closely refers to a judgment of the extent to which scores from a test can be used to infer, or predict, the examinees' performance in some activity: a. Content reliability b. Face validity c. Criterion-related validity d. Inference validity
Last Answer : c. Criterion-related validity
Description : Which is the process of gathering evidence supporting inferences based test scores? a. Validation b. Validity c. Reliability d. Prediction
Last Answer : a. Validation
Description : Let’s say that a test accurately indicates participants’ scores on a future criterion (e.g., the PSAT is used to indicate high-school GPA scores). This test would clearly have which of the following? a. Face validity b. Concurrent validity c. Predictive validity d. Content validity
Last Answer : c. Predictive validity
Description : Which of the following is usually not a characteristic of qualitative research? a. Design flexibility b. Dynamic systems c. Naturalistic inquiry d. Deductive design
Last Answer : c. Naturalistic inquiry
Description : Which of the following is a characteristic of qualitative research? a. Design flexibility b. Inductive analysis c. Context sensitivity d. All of the above
Last Answer : d. All of the above
Description : Which of the following attempts to understand relationships among phenomena as they naturally occur, without any intervention? a. Ex post facto research b. Experimental research c. Prospective design d. Retrospective design
Last Answer : a. Ex post facto research
Description : Which of the following designs permits a comparison of pretest scores to determine the initial equivalence of groups on the pretest before the treatment variable is introduced into the research setting. a. ... control group design c. Posttest-only design with nonequivalent groups d. Both b and c
Last Answer : b. Pretest-posttest control group design
Description : The statement of purpose in a research study should: a. Identify the design of the study b. Identify the intent or objective of the study c. Specify the type of people to be used in the study d. Describe the study
Last Answer : b. Identify the intent or objective of the study
Description : good qualitative problem statement: a. Defines the independent and dependent variables b. Conveys a sense of emerging design c. Specifies a research hypothesis to be tested d. Specifies the relationship between variables that the researcher expects to find
Last Answer : b. Conveys a sense of emerging design
Description : Determining the sample interval (represented by k), randomly selecting a number between 1 and k, and including each kth element in your sample are the steps for which form of sampling? a. Simple Random Sampling b. Stratified Random Sampling c. Systematic Sampling d. Cluster sampling
Last Answer : c. Systematic Sampling
Description : Which of the following sampling methods is the best way to select a group of people for a study if you are interested in making statements about the larger population? a. Convenience sampling b. Quota sampling c. Purposive sampling d. Random sampling
Last Answer : d. Random sampling
Description : Which of the following would usually require the smallest sample size because of its efficiency? a. One stage cluster sampling b. Simple random sampling c. Two stage cluster sampling d. Quota sampling
Last Answer : b. Simple random sampling
Description : The type of sampling in which each member of the population selected for the sample is returned to the population before the next member is selected is called _________. a. Sampling without replacement b. Sampling with replacement c. Simple random sampling d. Systematic sampling
Last Answer : b. Sampling with replacement
Description : If we took the 500 nursing students attending a school in Karachi, divided them by gender, and then took a random sample of the males and a random sampling of the females, the ... called the _____. a. Independent variable b. Dependent variable c. Stratification variable d. Sampling variable
Last Answer : c. Stratification variable
Description : Which of the following would generally require the largest sample size? a. Cluster sampling b. Simple random sampling c. Systematic sampling d. Proportional stratified sampling
Last Answer : a. Cluster sampling
Description : Which of the following will give a more accurate representation of the population from which a sample has been taken? a. A large sample based on the convenience sampling technique b. A small ... simple random sampling c. A large sample based on simple random sampling d. A small cluster sample
Last Answer : c. A large sample based on simple random sampling
Description : People who are available, volunteer, or can be easily recruited are used in the sampling method called ______. a. Simple random sampling b. Cluster sampling c. Systematic sampling d. Convenience sampling
Last Answer : d. Convenience sampling
Description : Which of the following is not a form of nonrandom sampling? a. Snowball sampling b. Stratified sampling c. Quota sampling d. Purposive sampling
Last Answer : b. Stratified sampling
Description : Which of the following is not a form of probability sampling? a. Simple random sampling b. Systematic sampling c. Purposive sampling d. Cluster sampling
Description : Which of the following formulae is used to determine how many people to include in the original sampling? a. Desired sample size/Desired sample size + 1 b. Proportion likely to respond/ ... size c. Proportion likely to respond/population size d. Desired sample size/Proportion likely to respond
Last Answer : d. Desired sample size/Proportion likely to respond
Description : Which of the following techniques yields a simple random sample? a. Choosing volunteers from an introductory psychology class to participate b. Listing the individuals by ethnic group and choosing a ... from the table. d. Randomly selecting schools, and then sampling everyone within the school.
Last Answer : c. Numbering all the elements of a sampling frame and then using a random number table to pick cases from the table
Description : When each member of a population has an equally likely chance of being selected, this is called: a. A nonrandom sampling method b. A quota sample c. A snowball sample d. A Random Sample
Last Answer : d. A Random Sample
Description : Which of the following types of sampling involves the researcher determining the appropriate sample sizes for the groups identified as important, and then taking convenience samples from those groups? a. ... sampling b. Quota sampling c. One-stage cluster sampling d. Two-stage cluster sampling
Last Answer : b. Quota sampling
Description : Sampling criteria may be used by Nurse to develop the desired sample. Characteristics those must be present for a subject to be included in the sample is called: a. Inclusion criteria b. Exclusion criteria c. Representativeness d. Consent
Last Answer : a. Inclusion criteria
Description : The use of statistics to make assumptions concerning some unknown aspect of a population from a sample of that population is known as follow; a. Inferential Statistics b. Parameter c. Descriptive Statistics d. Sampling
Last Answer : a. Inferential Statistics