The risk of material financial statement misstatement may be greater when the following conditions exist except a. When there is greater management intervention to specify the accounting treatment. b. When there is sufficient personnel with appropriate accounting and financial reporting skillsc. When there is greater manual intervention for data collection and processing. d. Complex calculations or accounting principles is involved.

The risk of material financial statement
misstatement may be greater when the
following conditions exist except
a. When there is greater management
intervention to specify the accounting
treatment.
b. When there is sufficient personnel
with appropriate accounting and
financial reporting skills.
c. When there is greater manual
intervention for data collection and
processing.
d. Complex calculations or accounting
principles is involved
by

1 Answer

Answer :

When there is sufficient personnel
with appropriate accounting and
financial reporting skills
by

Related questions

For initial audits, additional matters the auditor may consider in the overall audit strategy and audit plan include the following except a. Major issues including the application of accounting principles or any auditing and reporting standards discussed with management. b. Confirmation of material accounts receivable balance at the end of the year. c. Planned audit procedure to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding opening balances. d. Assignment of firm personnel with appropriate levels of capabilities and competence to respond to anticipated significant risks

Description : For initial audits, additional matters the auditor may consider in the overall audit strategy and audit plan include the following except a. Major issues including the application of ... firm personnel with appropriate levels of capabilities and competence to respond to anticipated significant risks

Last Answer : Confirmation of material accounts receivable balance at the end of the year.

The auditor's understanding of the entity and its environment consists an understanding of the following aspects: a. Industry, regulatory and other external factors, including the applicable financial reporting framework b. Nature of the entity, including the entity's selection and application of accounting policies c. Objectives and strategies and the related business risks that may result in a material misstatement of the financial statements d. All of these.

Description : The auditor's understanding of the entity and its environment consists an understanding of the following aspects: a. Industry, regulatory and other external factors, including the applicable financial reporting ... may result in a material misstatement of the financial statements d. All of these.

Last Answer : All of these.

Which of the following factors most likely would heighten an auditor's concern about the risk of fraudulent financial reporting? a. Large amounts of liquid assets that are easily convertible into cash. b. Low growth and profitability as compared to other entity's in the same industry. c. Financial management's participation in the initial selection of accounting principles. d. An overly complex organizational structure involving unusual lines of authority.

Description : Which of the following factors most likely would heighten an auditor's concern about the risk of fraudulent financial reporting? a. Large amounts of liquid assets that are easily ... of accounting principles. d. An overly complex organizational structure involving unusual lines of authority.

Last Answer : An overly complex organizational structure involving unusual lines of authority.

When considering fraud risk factors relating to management’s characteristics, which of the following is least likely to indicate a risk of possible misstatement due to fraud? a. Failure to correct known reportable conditions on a timely basis. b. Use of unusually conservative accounting practices. c. Nonfinancial management’s preoccupation with the selection of accounting principles. d. Significant portion of management’s compensation represented by bonuses based upon achieving unduly aggressive operating results.

Description : When considering fraud risk factors relating to management's characteristics, which of the following is least likely to indicate a risk of possible misstatement due to fraud? a. ... portion of management's compensation represented by bonuses based upon achieving unduly aggressive operating results.

Last Answer : Use of unusually conservative accounting practices.

The primary factor that distinguishes errors from fraud is a. Whether the misstatement is perpetrated by an employee or by a member of management b. Whether the underlying cause of misstatement is intentional or unintentional. c. Whether the misstatement is concealed. d. Whether the underlying cause of misstatement relates to misapplication of accounting principles or to clerical processing

Description : The primary factor that distinguishes errors from fraud is a. Whether the misstatement is perpetrated by an employee or by a member of management b. Whether the underlying cause of ... the underlying cause of misstatement relates to misapplication of accounting principles or to clerical processing

Last Answer : Whether the underlying cause of misstatement is intentional or unintentional.

The practitioner makes a critical assessment of validity of audit evidence, with a questioning mind and being alert to conditions which may indicate possible misstatement due to error or fraud. a. Objectivity and integrity b. Professional c. Independence is mental attitude d. Sufficient appropriate evidence

Description : The practitioner makes a critical assessment of validity of audit evidence, with a questioning mind and being alert to conditions which may indicate possible misstatement due to error or ... integrity b. Professional skepticism c. Independence is mental attitude d. Sufficient appropriate evidence

Last Answer : Professional skepticism

Which of the following matters would an auditor most likely consider when establishing the scope of the audit?a. Audit areas where there is a higher risk of material misstatement. b. The expected audit coverage, including the number and locations of the entity's components to be included. c. The entity's timetable for reporting, such as at interim and final stages. d. The discussion with the entity's management concerning the expected communications on the status of audit work throughout the engagement and the expected deliverables resulting from the audit procedures.

Description : Which of the following matters would an auditor most likely consider when establishing the scope of the audit? a. Audit areas where there is a higher risk of material misstatement. ... status of audit work throughout the engagement and the expected deliverables resulting from the audit procedures.

Last Answer : The expected audit coverage, including the number and locations of the entity's components to be included.

The auditor's understanding of the entity and its environment consists of an understanding of the following aspects except a. Industry, regulatory, and other external factors, including the applicable financial reporting framework. b. Nature of the entity, including the entity's selection and application of accounting policies. c. Measurement and review of the entity's financial performance. d. Entity's selection and screening process of marketing and production personnel.

Description : The auditor's understanding of the entity and its environment consists of an understanding of the following aspects except a. Industry, regulatory, and other external factors, including the ... financial performance. d. Entity's selection and screening process of marketing and production personnel.

Last Answer : Entity's selection and screening process of marketing and production personnel.

In an engagement to perform agreed-upon procedures, an auditor is engaged to: a. Use accounting expertise as opposed to auditing expertise to collect, classify, and summarize financial information. b. Provide a moderate level of assurance that the information is free of material misstatement. c. Provide a high, but not absolute, level of assurance that the information is free of material misstatement. d. Carry out those procedures of an audit nature to which the auditor and the entity and any appropriate third parties have agreed and to report on factual findings

Description : In an engagement to perform agreed-upon procedures, an auditor is engaged to: a. Use accounting expertise as opposed to auditing expertise to collect, classify, and summarize financial information. b ... and the entity and any appropriate third parties have agreed and to report on factual findings

Last Answer : Carry out those procedures of an audit nature to which the auditor and the entity and any appropriate third parties have agreed and to report on factual findings

Which of the following is least likely included in an auditor’s inquiry of management while obtaining information to identify the risks of material misstatement due to fraud? a. Are financial reporting operations controlled by and limited to one location? b. Does it have knowledge of fraud or suspect fraud? c. Does it have programs to mitigate fraud risks? d. Has it reported to the audit committee the nature of the company's internal control?

Description : Which of the following is least likely included in an auditor's inquiry of management while obtaining information to identify the risks of material misstatement due to fraud? a. Are financial reporting ... d. Has it reported to the audit committee the nature of the company's internal control?

Last Answer : Are financial reporting operations controlled by and limited to one location?

The purpose of an audit of financial statements is to a. Obtain an absolute level of assurance that the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement. b. Relieve management or those charged with governance of the responsibility for the preparation and presentation of the financial statements in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework. c. Enhance the degree of confidence of intended users in the financial statements. d. Assure the future viability of the entity by expressing an opinion on the entity's financial statements.

Description : The purpose of an audit of financial statements is to a. Obtain an absolute level of assurance that the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement. b. Relieve management ... the future viability of the entity by expressing an opinion on the entity's financial statements.

Last Answer : Enhance the degree of confidence of intended users in the financial statements.

Philippine Standards on Auditing require auditors to assess the risk of material misstatements due to fraud a. For first-time audits. b. Sufficient to find any frauds which may exist. c. For every audit. d. Whenever it would be appropriate

Description : Philippine Standards on Auditing require auditors to assess the risk of material misstatements due to fraud a. For first-time audits. b. Sufficient to find any frauds which may exist. c. For every audit. d. Whenever it would be appropriate

Last Answer : For every audit

Which of the following characteristics most likely would heighten an auditor’s concern about the risk of intentional manipulation of financial statements? a. Turnover of senior accounting personnel is low. b. Insiders recently purchased additional shares of the entity’s stock. c. Management places substantial emphasis on meeting earnings projections. d. The rate of change in the entity’s industry is slow.

Description : Which of the following characteristics most likely would heighten an auditor's concern about the risk of intentional manipulation of financial statements? a. Turnover of senior accounting personnel is low. b ... meeting earnings projections. d. The rate of change in the entity's industry is slow.

Last Answer : Management places substantial emphasis on meeting earnings projections.

Which of the following statements about independent financial statement audit is incorrect? a. The term "scope of the audit" refers to audit procedures deemed necessary ithe circumstances to achieve the objective of the audit. b. The auditor's opinion enhances the credibility of the financial statements. c. The phrase used to express the auditor's opinion is "present fairly, in all material respects". d. The risk that the auditor will fail to uncover material misstatement is eliminated when the auditor conducts the audit in accordance with PSAs.n

Description : Which of the following statements about independent financial statement audit is incorrect? a. The term "scope of the audit" refers to audit procedures deemed necessary in the circumstances ... uncover material misstatement is eliminated when the auditor conducts the audit in accordance with PSAs.

Last Answer : The risk that the auditor will fail to uncover material misstatement is eliminated when the auditor conducts the audit in accordance with PSAs.

This is the standard-setting body that replaces the Accounting Standards Council (ASC) and is tasked to develop and issue standards which will represent generally accepted accounting principles in the Philippines: a. Accounting Standards Board. b. Financial Reporting Standards Committee. c. Financial Reporting Standards Council. d. Auditing and Assurance Standards Council.

Description : This is the standard-setting body that replaces the Accounting Standards Council (ASC) and is tasked to develop and issue standards which will represent generally accepted accounting principles in ... Committee. c. Financial Reporting Standards Council. d. Auditing and Assurance Standards Council.

Last Answer : Financial Reporting Standards Council.

The auditor's judgment concerning the overall fairness of presentation of financial position, results of operation, and changes in cash flow is applied within the framework of a. Generally accepted auditing standards which include the concept of materiality b. Generally accepted accounting principles. c. Philippine Financial Reporting Standards d. Quality control

Description : The auditor's judgment concerning the overall fairness of presentation of financial position, results of operation, and changes in cash flow is applied within the framework of a. ... b. Generally accepted accounting principles. c. Philippine Financial Reporting Standards d. Quality control

Last Answer : Philippine Financial Reporting Standards

Which of the following statements about independent financial statement audit is correct? a. The audit of financial statements relieves management of its responsibilities for die financial statements. b. An audit is designed to provide limited assurance that the financial statements taken as a whole are free from material misstatement. c. The auditor's opinion is not an assurance as to the future viability of the entity as well as the effectiveness and efficiency withwhich management has conductedthe affairs of the entity.d. The procedures required to conduct anaudit in accordance with PSAs shouldbe determined by the client whoengaged the services of the auditor

Description : Which of the following statements about independent financial statement audit is correct? a. The audit of financial statements relieves management of its responsibilities for die financial statements. b. An ... with PSAs should be determined by the client who engaged the services of the auditor

Last Answer : The auditor's opinion is not an assurance as to the future viability of the entity as well as the effectiveness and efficiency withwhich management has conducted the affairs of the entity.

While assessing the risk of material misstatement, the auditors identity risks, relate risk to what could go wrong, consider the magnitude of risks and: a. Assess the risk of misstatements due to noncompliance to laws and regulations. b. Consider the complexity of the transactions involved. c. Consider the likelihood that the risks could result in material misstatements. d. Determine materiality level.

Description : While assessing the risk of material misstatement, the auditors identity risks, relate risk to what could go wrong, consider the magnitude of risks and: a. Assess the risk of ... Consider the likelihood that the risks could result in material misstatements. d. Determine materiality level.

Last Answer : Consider the likelihood that the risks could result in material misstatements

Which of the following is not one of the general principles governing the audit of financial statements? a. The auditor should conduct the audit in accordance with PSA. b. The auditor should comply with the Philippine Code of Professional Ethics. c. The auditor should plan and perform the audit with an attitude of professional skepticism. d. The auditor should obtain sufficient appropriate evidence primarily through inquiry and analyticaprocedures to be able to draw reasonable conclusions.l

Description : Which of the following is not one of the general principles governing the audit of financial statements? a. The auditor should conduct the audit in accordance with PSA. b. The ... appropriate evidence primarily through inquiry and analytical procedures to be able to draw reasonable conclusions.

Last Answer : The auditor should obtain sufficient appropriate evidence primarily through inquiry and analytical procedures to be able to draw reasonable conclusions

The underlying conditions that create demand by users for reliable information include the following except: a. Decisions are not time-sensitive. b. Transactions that are numerous and complex. c. Users separated from accounting records by distance and time. d. Financial decisions that are important to investors and users

Description : The underlying conditions that create demand by users for reliable information include the following except: a. Decisions are not time-sensitive. b. Transactions that are numerous and complex. c. ... records by distance and time. d. Financial decisions that are important to investors and users

Last Answer : Decisions are not time-sensitive

PSA 315 requires: a. Obtaining an understanding of the entity and its environment b. Identifying and assessing the risks of material misstatement c. Discussion among engagement team members about the risk of material misstatement in the financial statements. d. All of the above

Description : PSA 315 requires: a. Obtaining an understanding of the entity and its environment b. Identifying and assessing the risks of material misstatement c. Discussion among engagement team members about the risk of material misstatement in the financial statements. d. All of the above

Last Answer : All of the above

The risk that the audit will fail to uncover a material misstatement is eliminated a. When the auditor has complied with generally accepted auditing standards. b. If client has good internal control. c. If client follows generally accepted accounting principles. d. Under no circumstances

Description : The risk that the audit will fail to uncover a material misstatement is eliminated a. When the auditor has complied with generally accepted auditing standards. b. If client has good internal control. c. If client follows generally accepted accounting principles. d. Under no circumstances

Last Answer : Under no circumstances

The risk that the audit will fail to uncover a material misstatement is eliminated a. When the auditor has complied with generally accepted auditing standards. b. If a client has strong internal controls. c. If a client follows generally accepted accounting principles. d. Under no circumstances

Description : The risk that the audit will fail to uncover a material misstatement is eliminated a. When the auditor has complied with generally accepted auditing standards. b. If a client has strong internal controls. c. If a client follows generally accepted accounting principles. d. Under no circumstances

Last Answer : Under no circumstances

Which of the following statements is correct relating to the auditor’s consideration of fraud? a. The auditor’s interest in fraud consideration relates to fraudulent acts that cause a material misstatement of financial statements. b. A primary factor that distinguishes fraud from error is that fraud is always intentional, while errors are generally, but not always, intentional. c. While an auditor should be aware of the possibility of fraud, management, and not the auditor, is responsible for detecting fraud. d. Fraud always involves a pressure or incentive to commit fraud, and a misappropriation of assets

Description : Which of the following statements is correct relating to the auditor's consideration of fraud? a. The auditor's interest in fraud consideration relates to fraudulent acts that cause a material ... d. Fraud always involves a pressure or incentive to commit fraud, and a misappropriation of assets

Last Answer : The auditor’s interest in fraud consideration relates to fraudulent acts that cause a material misstatement of financial statements.

A basic premise underlying analytical procedures is that a. The study of financial ratios is an acceptable alternative to the investigation of unusual fluctuations. b. Plausible relationships among data may reasonably be expected to exist and continue in the absence of known conditions to the contrary. c. These procedures cannot replace tests of details of transactions and balances. d. Statistical tests of financial information may lead to the detection of material misstatements in the financial statements.

Description : A basic premise underlying analytical procedures is that a. The study of financial ratios is an acceptable alternative to the investigation of unusual fluctuations. b. Plausible relationships ... financial information may lead to the detection of material misstatements in the financial statements.

Last Answer : Plausible relationships among data may reasonably be expected to exist and continue in the absence of known conditions to the contrary.

Which of the following is an example of an assurance engagement?a. Management advisory services b. Reporting on financial statements prepared using other comprehensive basis of accounting. c. compilation of financial information d. preparation of tax returns

Description : Which of the following is an example of an assurance engagement? a. Management advisory services b. Reporting on financial statements prepared using other comprehensive basis of accounting. c. compilation of financial information d. preparation of tax returns

Last Answer : Reporting on financial statements prepared using other comprehensive basis of accounting.

Which of the following is an incorrect statement relating to the theoretical framework of auditing? a. Effective internal control structure reduces the probability of fraud or irregularities in an organization. b. Application of generally accepted accounting principles results in a fair presentation of financial statements. c. When examining financial data foropinion thereon, the auditor actsexclusively in the capacity of an auditor.d. In collecting evidence, auditorsshould maintain an attitude of trustabout their clients' assertions. the purpose of expressing an independent

Description : Which of the following is an incorrect statement relating to the theoretical framework of auditing? a. Effective internal control structure reduces the probability of fraud or irregularities in ... collecting evidence, auditors should maintain an attitude of trust about their clients' assertions.

Last Answer : In collecting evidence, auditors should maintain an attitude of trust about their clients' assertions.

Which of the following is not required by PSA No. 315, "Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit"? a. Conduct a continuing assessment of the risks of material misstatement due to fraud throughout the audit. b. Conduct a discussion by the audit team of the risks of material misstatement due to fraud. c. Conduct inquiries of the audit committee as to their views about the risks of fraud and their knowledge of any fraud or suspected fraud. d. Conduct the audit with professional skepticism, which includes an attitude that assumes balances are incorrect until verified by the audito

Description : Which of the following is not required by PSA No. 315, "Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit"? a. Conduct a continuing assessment of the risks of material ... professional skepticism, which includes an attitude that assumes balances are incorrect until verified by the audito

Last Answer : Conduct the audit with professional skepticism, which includes an attitude that assumes balances are incorrect until verified by the audito

An audit program provides proof that a. Sufficient appropriate evidence was obtained. b. The work was adequately planned. c. There was a proper study and evaluation of internal control. d. There was compliance with generally accepted standards of reporting

Description : An audit program provides proof that a. Sufficient appropriate evidence was obtained. b. The work was adequately planned. c. There was a proper study and evaluation of internal control. d. There was compliance with generally accepted standards of reporting

Last Answer : The work was adequately planned.

Which of the following conditions identified during fieldwork of an audit is most likely to affect the auditor’s assessment of the risk of misstatement due to fraud? a. Year-end adjusting journal entries. b. Checks for significant amounts outstanding at year-end. c. Missing documents. d. Computer generated documents

Description : Which of the following conditions identified during fieldwork of an audit is most likely to affect the auditor's assessment of the risk of misstatement due to fraud? a. Year-end adjusting ... for significant amounts outstanding at year-end. c. Missing documents. d. Computer generated documents

Last Answer : Missing documents

If a firm, or a network firm, has a direct financial interest in an audit client of the firm, the self-interest threat created would be so significant no safeguard could reduce the threat to an acceptable level. The action appropriate to permit the firm to perform the engagement would be to a. Dispose of the financial interest. b. Dispose of a sufficient amount of it so that the remaining interest is no longer material. c. Either a or b d. Neither a nor b

Description : If a firm, or a network firm, has a direct financial interest in an audit client of the firm, the self-interest threat created would be so significant no safeguard could reduce the threat to an acceptable ... that the remaining interest is no longer material. c. Either a or b d. Neither a nor b

Last Answer : Dispose of the financial interest

Which of the following is most likely to be considered a risk factor relating to fraudulent financial reporting? a. Low turnover of senior management. b. Extreme degree of competition within the industry. c. Capital structure including various operating subsidiaries. d. Sales goals in excess of any of the preceding three years

Description : Which of the following is most likely to be considered a risk factor relating to fraudulent financial reporting? a. Low turnover of senior management. b. Extreme degree of competition within the ... various operating subsidiaries. d. Sales goals in excess of any of the preceding three years

Last Answer : Extreme degree of competition within the industry.

Which of the following should the auditors normally interview as part of their assessment of fraud risk? a. Senior management b. Audit committee c. Various employees whose duties financial reporting responsibilities d. All of the given choices

Description : Which of the following should the auditors normally interview as part of their assessment of fraud risk? a. Senior management b. Audit committee c. Various employees whose duties financial reporting responsibilities d. All of the given choices

Last Answer : All of the given choices

Which of the following is most likely to be considered a risk factor relating to fraudulent financial reporting? a. Domination of management by top executives.b. Negative cash flows from operations. c. Large amounts of cash processed. d. Small high-dollar inventory items

Description : Which of the following is most likely to be considered a risk factor relating to fraudulent financial reporting? a. Domination of management by top executives. b. Negative cash flows from operations. c. Large amounts of cash processed. d. Small high-dollar inventory items

Last Answer : Negative cash flows from operations.

Auditors would normally interview all but which of the following individuals as part of their assessment of fraud risk? a. Senior management b. Audit committee c. Various employees whose duties do not include normal financial reporting responsibilities d. All of the above

Description : Auditors would normally interview all but which of the following individuals as part of their assessment of fraud risk? a. Senior management b. Audit committee c. Various employees whose duties do not include normal financial reporting responsibilities d. All of the above

Last Answer : All of the above

Which of the following is true? a. Auditors are responsible for detecting all fraudulent financial reporting. b. Auditors must specifically consider fraud risk from overstating liabilities. c. Auditors must specifically consider fraud risk from management override of controls. d. All of the above are true

Description : Which of the following is true? a. Auditors are responsible for detecting all fraudulent financial reporting. b. Auditors must specifically consider fraud risk from overstating liabilities. c. Auditors must ... consider fraud risk from management override of controls. d. All of the above are true

Last Answer : Auditors must specifically consider fraud risk from management override of controls.

Which of the following least likely limits the auditor’s ability to detect material misstatement? a. The inherent limitations of any accounting and internal control system. b. Most audit evidences are conclusive rather than being persuasive. c. Audit is based on testing d. Audit procedures that are effective in detecting ordinary misstatements are ineffective in detecting intentional misstatements

Description : Which of the following least likely limits the auditor's ability to detect material misstatement? a. The inherent limitations of any accounting and internal control system. b ... procedures that are effective in detecting ordinary misstatements are ineffective in detecting intentional misstatements

Last Answer : Most audit evidences are conclusive rather than being persuasive

.In financial statement audits, the audit process should be conducted in accordance with a. The audit program b. Philippine Accounting Standards c. Philippine Standards on Auditing d. Philippine Financial Reporting Standards

Description : .In financial statement audits, the audit process should be conducted in accordance with a. The audit program b. Philippine Accounting Standards c. Philippine Standards on Auditing d. Philippine Financial Reporting Standards

Last Answer : Philippine Standards on Auditing

In financial statement audits, the audit process should be conducted in accordance with a. Philippine Financial Reporting Standards b. International Accounting Standards c. Philippine Standards on Auditing d. Philippine Accounting Standards

Description : In financial statement audits, the audit process should be conducted in accordance with a. Philippine Financial Reporting Standards b. International Accounting Standards c. Philippine Standards on Auditing d. Philippine Accounting Standards

Last Answer : Philippine Standards on Auditing

Transactions with related parties are important to the auditors because they will be disclosed in the financial statements if material. Generally accepted accounting principles would not require disclosure of a. Loans to officers during the year which had been repaid before the balance sheet date. b. The nature of the related-party relationship. c. A description of transactions, including peso amounts. d. The amounts due from and to related parties

Description : Transactions with related parties are important to the auditors because they will be disclosed in the financial statements if material. Generally accepted accounting principles would not require disclosure of ... transactions, including peso amounts. d. The amounts due from and to related parties

Last Answer : Loans to officers during the year which had been repaid before the balance sheet date

The auditor's best defense when material misstatements in the financial statements are not uncovered in the audit is that a. The financial statements are client's responsibility. b. The audit was conducted in accordance with PSAs c. Client is guilty of contributory negligence. d. The audit was conducted in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

Description : The auditor's best defense when material misstatements in the financial statements are not uncovered in the audit is that a. The financial statements are client's responsibility. b. ... contributory negligence. d. The audit was conducted in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

Last Answer : The audit was conducted in accordance with PSAs

Which of the following is most likely to be a response to the auditor's assessment that the risk of material misstatement due to fraud for the existence of inventory is high? a. Observe test counts of inventory at certain locations on an unannounced basis. b. Perform analytical procedures rather than taking test counts. c. Request that inventories be counted prior to year end. d. Request that inventory counts at the various locations be counted on different dates so as to allow the same auditor to be present at every count

Description : Which of the following is most likely to be a response to the auditor's assessment that the risk of material misstatement due to fraud for the existence of inventory is high? a. Observe test counts ... be counted on different dates so as to allow the same auditor to be present at every count

Last Answer : Observe test counts of inventory at certain locations on an unannounced basis.