How does the microprocessor differentiate between data and instruction

How does the microprocessor differentiate between data and instruction
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When  the  first  m/c  code  of  an  instruction  is  fetched  and  decoded  in  the  instruction register, the microprocessor recognizes the number of  bytes required  to  fetch  the  entire  instruction.  For  example  MVI  A,  Data,  the  second  byte  is  always considered as data. If the data byte is omitted by mistake whatever is in  that memory location will be considered as data & the byte after the “data”will be  treated as the next instruction.
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