Principle of reverse osmosis process

Principle of reverse osmosis process
by

1 Answer

Answer :

When two solutions of unequal concentrations are separated by a semi permeable membrane and if a hydrostatic pressure in excess of osmotic pressure is applied on the concentrate side, the solvent is forced to move from the concentrated side to dilute side across the membrane. This is known as reverse osmosis. The effectiveness of the process depends on the density of the membrane. It is also important that the membrane be cleaned regularly for proper functioning. Membranes are made of cellulose acetate, polymethacrylate, polysulphone, polyamide polymers etc. Reverse osmosis is employed for desalination process

image


Composite Membrane:

Thin-film composite membranes (TFC or TFM) are semipermeable membranes manufactured principally for use in water purification or water desalination systems. They also have use in chemical applications such as batteries and fuel cells. Thin film composite (T.F.C) membranes consist of a dense ultrathin barrier layer typically 0.2 mm thick on top of a microporous polsulfone support. The advantages of these membrane are that they operate at higher flux and lower pressure, have greater chemical stability, have higher salt rejection, they are not biodegradable, they have higher rejection of other materials (silica, nitrate, organics). Operating ranges of these membranes are pH of 2 to 12 and temperatures of 0°C to 40°C.

by

Related questions

The working principle of a washing machine is? A. Diffusion B. Reverse osmosis C. Dialysis D. Centrifugation

Description : The working principle of a washing machine is? A. Diffusion B. Reverse osmosis C. Dialysis D. Centrifugation

Last Answer : ANSWER: D

The washing machine works on the principle of – (1) Dialysis (2) Diffusion (3) Reverse osmosis (4) Centrifugation

Description : The washing machine works on the principle of – (1) Dialysis (2) Diffusion (3) Reverse osmosis (4) Centrifugation

Last Answer : (4) Centrifugation Explanation: Washing machines work on the principle of centrifugation. They are based on medium sized centrifuges that put an object in rotation around a fixed axis, applying force perpendicular to the axis.

The working principle of a washing machine is : (1) centrifugation (2) dialysis (3) reverse osmosis (4) diffusion

Description : The working principle of a washing machine is : (1) centrifugation (2) dialysis (3) reverse osmosis (4) diffusion

Last Answer : (1) centrifugation Explanation: The working of the washing machine is quite high tech, and includes a set sequence of washing, rinsing, and spinning (plus a pre-wash if desired).

The washing machine works on the principle of - (1) Dialysis (2) Diffusion (3) Reverse osmosis (4) Centrifugation

Description : The washing machine works on the principle of - (1) Dialysis (2) Diffusion (3) Reverse osmosis (4) Centrifugation

Last Answer : (4) Centrifugation Explanation: Washing machines work on the principle of centrifugation. They are based on medium sized centrifuges that put an object in rotation around a fixed axis, applying force perpendicular to the axis.

The working principle of a 'Washing machine' is : (1) centrifugation (2) dialysis (3) reverse osmosis (4) diffusion

Description : The working principle of a 'Washing machine' is : (1) centrifugation (2) dialysis (3) reverse osmosis (4) diffusion

Last Answer : (1) centrifugation Explanation: The principle behind the spinning dry of the clothes in a washing machine is centrifugal force. The fast spinning around of the clothes in the drum creates a large ... wet clothes are flung outwards to the drum edge and the water escapes through the drum holes.

The washing machine works on the principle of (1) Dialysis (2) Diffusion (3) Reverse osmosis (4) Centrifugation

Description : The washing machine works on the principle of (1) Dialysis (2) Diffusion (3) Reverse osmosis (4) Centrifugation

Last Answer : Centrifugation

The process used in the desalination of sea water is (a) osmosis (b) reverse osmosis (c) electrophoresis (d) distillation

Description : The process used in the desalination of sea water is (a) osmosis (b) reverse osmosis (c) electrophoresis (d) distillation

Last Answer : Ans:(b)

The process employing desorption of the absorbed solute by a solvent is called (A) Elution (B) Osmosis (C) Reverse osmosis (D) Sublimation

Description : The process employing desorption of the absorbed solute by a solvent is called (A) Elution (B) Osmosis (C) Reverse osmosis (D) Sublimation

Last Answer : (A) Elution

Brackish water which contains mostly dissolved salt, can be purified by the __________ process. (A) Reverse osmosis (B) Sand filter(C) Lime soda(D) Permutit

Description : Brackish water which contains mostly dissolved salt, can be purified by the __________ process. (A) Reverse osmosis (B) Sand filter (C) Lime soda (D) Permutit

Last Answer : (A) Reverse osmosis

Differentiate between reverse osmosis membrane process with ultra filtration membrane

Description : Differentiate between reverse osmosis membrane process with ultra filtration membrane

Last Answer : The main difference between reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration is that ultrafiltration membranes have larger pore sizes than reverse osmosis membranes, ranging from 1 to 100 nm. Ultrafiltration membranes are ... uses a hollow fiber membrane to stop solid debris and microscopic contaminants.

We have a Reverse Osmosis and every few years we have to replace the bladder in the tank...(rest in details)

Description : We have a Reverse Osmosis and every few years we have to replace the bladder in the tank...(rest in details)

Last Answer : If there is chlorine in your water, that could do it. You may want to change your pre-filter in your RO to something with activated carbon. You may also want to have your RO tested to make sure it is still working correctly.

I currently haul reverse-osmosis filtered water from the grocery store to my house in 1-gallon glass jugs. Is there a better way?

Description : I currently haul reverse-osmosis filtered water from the grocery store to my house in 1-gallon glass jugs. Is there a better way?

Last Answer : Have a system installed in your house. You will find it cleaner and purer then the stuff you are getting at the store. It does not come cheep. But, how important is your health?

What are the benefits of reverse osmosis systems in purifying water?

Description : What are the benefits of reverse osmosis systems in purifying water?

Last Answer : Reverse osmosis is a membrane technical filtration method that removes many types of large molecules and ions from solutions by applying pressure to the solution when it is on one side of a selective membrane.

How much does a reverse osmosis water system cost?

Description : How much does a reverse osmosis water system cost?

Last Answer : You can buy a cheap reverse osmosis water system at most large multi purpose chain retail stores, for example Costco, where an average price for a reverse osmosis system is around 160 dollars.

Which of the following is the treatment of water pollution? (1) Bag house filter (2) Windrow composting (3) Venturi scrubber (4) Reverse Osmosis

Description : Which of the following is the treatment of water pollution? (1) Bag house filter (2) Windrow composting (3) Venturi scrubber (4) Reverse Osmosis

Last Answer : (4) Reverse Osmosis Explanation: Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification technology that uses a semipermeable membrane to remove ions, molecules, and larger particles from drinking water. It can ... of potable water. It is most commonly known for its use in drinking water purification form.

Separation of the isotopes of helium for scientific investigations is done by (A) Reverse osmosis (B) Thermal diffusion (C) Leaching (D) Solvent extraction

Description : Separation of the isotopes of helium for scientific investigations is done by (A) Reverse osmosis (B) Thermal diffusion (C) Leaching (D) Solvent extraction

Last Answer : (B) Thermal diffusion

__________ is the separation technique used for desalination of sea water.(A) Thermal diffusion (B) Reverse osmosis (C) Adsorption (D) Absorption

Description : __________ is the separation technique used for desalination of sea water. (A) Thermal diffusion (B) Reverse osmosis (C) Adsorption (D) Absorption

Last Answer : (B) Reverse osmosis

Reverse osmosis is also called (A) Dialysis (B) Electrodialysis (C) Diffusion (D) Ultra-filtration

Description : Reverse osmosis is also called (A) Dialysis (B) Electrodialysis (C) Diffusion (D) Ultra-filtration

Last Answer : (D) Ultra-filtration

Mention a large scale use of the phenomenon called reverse osmosis

Description : Mention a large scale use of the phenomenon called reverse osmosis

Last Answer : Ans:- In desalination of sea water. 

Reverse osmosis is normally used for the (A) Separation of isotopes of uranium from gaseous uranium hexafluoride (B) Separation of helium from natural gas (C) Desalination of brackish water to produce potable (drinking) water (D) Purification of oxygen

Description : Reverse osmosis is normally used for the (A) Separation of isotopes of uranium from gaseous uranium hexafluoride (B) Separation of helium from natural gas (C) Desalination of brackish water to produce potable (drinking) water (D) Purification of oxygen

Last Answer : (C) Desalination of brackish water to produce potable (drinking) water

Separation of fresh water from sea water can be done by the __________ operation. (A) Osmosis (B) Reverse osmosis (C) Absorption (D) Adsorption

Description : Separation of fresh water from sea water can be done by the __________ operation. (A) Osmosis (B) Reverse osmosis (C) Absorption (D) Adsorption

Last Answer : (B) Reverse osmosis

Which of the following is the treatment of water pollution? (1) Bag house filter (2) Windrow composting (3) Venturi scrubber (4) Reverse Osmosis

Description : Which of the following is the treatment of water pollution? (1) Bag house filter (2) Windrow composting (3) Venturi scrubber (4) Reverse Osmosis

Last Answer :  Reverse Osmosis

Which of the following laws validates the statement that matter can neither be created nor destroyed? (1) Law of conservation of energy (2) Le Chatelier's Principle (3) Law of conservation of mass (4) Law of osmosis

Description : Which of the following laws validates the statement that matter can neither be created nor destroyed? (1) Law of conservation of energy (2) Le Chatelier's Principle (3) Law of conservation of mass (4) Law of osmosis

Last Answer : (3) Law of conservation of mass Explanation: The law of conservation of mass, also known as the principle of mass/matter conservation, states that the mass of an isolated system (closed to all ... out, its quantity cannot otherwise change over time (hence, its quantity is "conserved" over time).

Which of the following laws validates the statement that matter can neither be created nor destroyed ? (1) Law of conservation of energy (2) Le Chatelier’s Principle (3) Law of conservation of mass (4) Law of osmosis

Description : Which of the following laws validates the statement that matter can neither be created nor destroyed ? (1) Law of conservation of energy (2) Le Chatelier’s Principle (3) Law of conservation of mass (4) Law of osmosis

Last Answer : Law of conservation of mass

Identify the INCORRECT statement below regarding chemical equilibrium. A All chemical reactions are, in principle, reversible. B Equilibrium is achieved when the forward reaction rate equals the reverse reaction rate. C Equilibrium is achieved when the concentrations of species become constant. D Equilibrium is achieved when the reaction quotient, Q, equals the equilibrium constant. E Equilibrium is achieved when reactant and product concentrations are equal.

Description : Identify the INCORRECT statement below regarding chemical equilibrium. A All chemical reactions are, in principle, reversible. B Equilibrium is achieved when the forward reaction rate equals the ... equilibrium constant. E Equilibrium is achieved when reactant and product concentrations are equal.

Last Answer : E Equilibrium is achieved when reactant and product concentrations are equal.

Explain the process of osmosis with the help of an example. -Biology

Description : Explain the process of osmosis with the help of an example. -Biology

Last Answer : Something similar to this happens in cells when, for example some substances like carbon dioxide (which is cellular waste and requires to be excreted out by the cell) accumulates in high ... important role in gases exchange between the cell as well as the cell and its external environment

In the process of dialysis, used on patients with affected kidneys, the phenomenon involved is (a) diffusion (b) absorption (c) osmosis (d) electrophoresis

Description : In the process of dialysis, used on patients with affected kidneys, the phenomenon involved is (a) diffusion (b) absorption (c) osmosis (d) electrophoresis

Last Answer : Ans:(c)

The process of electroplating involves (a) electrolysis (b) dialysis (c) osmosis (d) decomposition

Description : The process of electroplating involves (a) electrolysis (b) dialysis (c) osmosis (d) decomposition

Last Answer : Ans:(a)

In plants water is absorbed by the root hairs by a process called: (1) Transpiration (2) Respiration (3) Perspiration (4) Osmosis

Description : In plants water is absorbed by the root hairs by a process called: (1) Transpiration (2) Respiration (3) Perspiration (4) Osmosis

Last Answer : (4) Osmosis Explanation: Plants absorb water from their root hairs on the root via osmosis. It is then transported to other parts of the plant. (through the network of xylem vessels) through a combination of capillary action and "transiprational pull".

In the process of dialysis, used on patients with affected kidneys, the phenomenon involved is (1) Diffusion (2) Absorption (3) Osmosis (4) Electrophoresis

Description : In the process of dialysis, used on patients with affected kidneys, the phenomenon involved is (1) Diffusion (2) Absorption (3) Osmosis (4) Electrophoresis

Last Answer : (3) Osmosis Explanation: Dialysis is the artificial process of getting rid of waste (diffusion) and unwanted water (ultrafiltration) from the blood. This process is naturally done by our kidneys. It ... it results in osmotic pressure which causes the fluid to move from the blood into the dialysate.

If useful products are released from the cell, the process is known as: B A. Excretion B. Secretion C. Osmosis D. Sweating

Description : If useful products are released from the cell, the process is known as:  B A. Excretion B. Secretion C. Osmosis D. Sweating

Last Answer : Secretion

If useful products are released from the cell, the process is known as: B A. Excretion B. Secretion C. Osmosis D. Sweating

Description : If useful products are released from the cell, the process is known as: B A. Excretion B. Secretion C. Osmosis D. Sweating

Last Answer : Secretion

The process of diffusion of one liquid into the other through a semi permeable membrane is called (A) Viscosity (B) Osmosis (C) Surface tension (D) Cohesion

Description : The process of diffusion of one liquid into the other through a semi permeable membrane is called (A) Viscosity (B) Osmosis (C) Surface tension (D) Cohesion

Last Answer : Answer: Option B

Sodium ions are "pumped" from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration in the nerve cells of humans. This process is an example of (A) Diffusion (B) Passive transport (C) Osmosis (D) Active transport

Description : Sodium ions are "pumped" from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration in the nerve cells of humans. This process is an example of (A) Diffusion (B) Passive transport (C) Osmosis (D) Active transport

Last Answer : (D) Active transport

The process of osmosis is best illustrated by the movement of: a) salts in blood stream. b) oxygen into red blood cells. c) carbon dioxide through stomata. d) water into root hair cells.

Description : The process of osmosis is best illustrated by the movement of: a) salts in blood stream. b) oxygen into red blood cells. c) carbon dioxide through stomata. d) water into root hair cells.

Last Answer : ANSWER: D -- WATER INTO ROOT HAIR CELLS.

Substances insoluble in a membrane are carried across the membrane with the concentration gradient by means of a carrier molecule in a process known as: a) osmosis. b) diffusion. c) active transport. d) facilitated diffusion.

Description : Substances insoluble in a membrane are carried across the membrane with the concentration gradient by means of a carrier molecule in a process known as: a) osmosis. b) diffusion. c) active transport. d) facilitated diffusion.

Last Answer : ANSWER: D -- FACILITATED DIFFUSION.

The name of the process by which oil glands in mammalian skins secrete oils is: a) active transport b) apocrine secretion c) holocrine secretion d) osmosis

Description : The name of the process by which oil glands in mammalian skins secrete oils is: a) active transport b) apocrine secretion c) holocrine secretion d) osmosis

Last Answer : ANSWER: C -- HOLOCRINE SECRETION 

In plants water is absorbed by the root hairs by a process called: (1) Transpiration (2) Respiration (3) Perspiration (4) Osmosis

Description : In plants water is absorbed by the root hairs by a process called: (1) Transpiration (2) Respiration (3) Perspiration (4) Osmosis

Last Answer : Osmosis

In the process of dialysis, used on patients with affected kidneys, the phenomenon involved is (1) Diffusion(2) Absorption (3) Osmosis (4) Electrophoresis

Description : In the process of dialysis, used on patients with affected kidneys, the phenomenon involved is (1) Diffusion(2) Absorption (3) Osmosis (4) Electrophoresis

Last Answer : Osmosis

What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion?

Description : What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion?

Last Answer : A: Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration, while diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?

Description : What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?

Last Answer : A: Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, while osmosis is the movement of water molecules from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.

What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?

Description : What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?

Last Answer : A: Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, while osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.

What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion?

Description : What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion?

Last Answer : A: Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, while osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane.

What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion?

Description : What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion?

Last Answer : A: Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration, while diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Can anyone assist with my personal osmosis based armageddon?

Description : Can anyone assist with my personal osmosis based armageddon?

Last Answer : Wow. Impressively worded homework question. Might I suggest that the knowinness which you seek probably lies somewhere within the assigned reading. If you avail yourself of the offered material that ... armageddon and cause a veritable paradise to come about in the realms of your personal academia.

What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis ? -Biology

Description : What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis ? -Biology

Last Answer : The process through which only Liquids move from a Higher concentrated solution towards a Lower concentrated solution through a semi-permeable membrane is called Osmosis whereas The process through which any substance ... :) Stay Safe, Stay Curious, Keep Learning, Keep Growing..... Thankyou!!!

Define osmosis. -Biology

Description : Define osmosis. -Biology

Last Answer : The process through which only Liquids move from a Higher concentrated solution towards a Lower concentrated solution through a semi-permeable membrane is called Osmosis. Hope it helps :) Stay Safe, Stay Curious, Keep Learning, Keep Growing..... Thankyou!!!

Differentiate between diffusion and osmosis. -Biology 9th

Description : Differentiate between diffusion and osmosis. -Biology 9th

Last Answer : Difference between Osmosis and DiffusionOsmosisDiffusionIt is limited only to the liquid medium.Occurs in liquid, gas and even solids.Requires a semipermeable membrane.Does not require a semipermeable membrane. ... to a glass of water, where eventually, the entire water content becomes coloured.

Differentiate between diffusion and osmosis. -Biology 9th

Description : Differentiate between diffusion and osmosis. -Biology 9th

Last Answer : answer:

Define the term osmosis. -Biology

Description : Define the term osmosis. -Biology

Last Answer : Diffusion is the spontaneous movement of substance from a region of high concentration to a region where its concentration is low.