(2) decreases the price of that commodity Explanation: The four basic laws of supply and demand are: (1) If demand increases and supply remains unchanged, a shortage occurs, leading to a higher price: (2) If demand decreases and supply remains unchanged, a surplus occurs, leading to a lower price; (3) If demand remains unchanged and supply increases, a surplus occurs, leading to a lower price; and (4) If demand remains unchanged and supply decreases, a shortage occurs, leading to a higher price.