Calibration is defined as the comparison of measured value with standard.
Why required?
The accuracy of all measuring devices degrade over time. This is typically caused by normal wear and tear. However, changes in accuracy can also be caused by electric or mechanical shock or a hazardous manufacturing environment (e.x., oils, metal chips etc.).
Depending on the type of the instrument and the environment in which it is being used, it may degrade very quickly or over a long period of time.
The bottom line is that, calibration improves the accuracy of the measuring device. Accurate measuring devices improve product quality.
A measuring device should be calibrated:
According to recommendation of the manufacturer.
After any mechanical or electrical shock.
Periodically (annually, quarterly, monthly)