Rothera test is not given by (A) β-hydroxy butyrate (B) bile salts (C) Glucose (D) None of these

Rothera test is not given by (A) β-hydroxy butyrate (B) bile salts (C) Glucose (D) None of these
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Conversion of β-carotene into retinal requires the presence of (A) β-Carotene dioxygenase (B) Bile salts (C) Molecular oxygen (D) All of these

Description : Conversion of β-carotene into retinal requires the presence of (A) β-Carotene dioxygenase (B) Bile salts (C) Molecular oxygen (D) All of these

Last Answer : Answer : D

Vitamin K is a cofactor for (A) Gamma carboxylation of glutamic acid residue (B) β-Oxidation of fatty acid (C) Formation of γ-amino butyrate (D) Synthesis of tryptophan

Description : Vitamin K is a cofactor for (A) Gamma carboxylation of glutamic acid residue (B) β-Oxidation of fatty acid (C) Formation of γ-amino butyrate (D) Synthesis of tryptophan

Last Answer : Answer : A

All the following statements correctly describe ketone bodies except (A) They may result from starvation (B) They are present at high levels in uncontrolled diabetes (C) They include—OH β-butyrate and acetone (D) They are utilized by the liver during long term starvation

Description : All the following statements correctly describe ketone bodies except (A) They may result from starvation (B) They are present at high levels in uncontrolled diabetes (C) They include—OH β-butyrate and acetone (D) They are utilized by the liver during long term starvation

Last Answer : Answer : D

Acetoacetyl-CoA condenses with one more molecule of acetyl-CoA to form (A) Mevalonate (B) Acetoacetate (C) β-Hydroxybutyrate (D) 3-Hydroxy 3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA

Description : Acetoacetyl-CoA condenses with one more molecule of acetyl-CoA to form (A) Mevalonate (B) Acetoacetate (C) β-Hydroxybutyrate (D) 3-Hydroxy 3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA

Last Answer : Answer : D

Riboflavin is a coenzyme in the reaction catalysed by the enzyme (A) Acyl CoA synthetase (B) Acyl CoA dehydrogenase (C) β-Hydroxy acyl CoA (D) Enoyl CoA dehydrogenase

Description : Riboflavin is a coenzyme in the reaction catalysed by the enzyme (A) Acyl CoA synthetase (B) Acyl CoA dehydrogenase (C) β-Hydroxy acyl CoA (D) Enoyl CoA dehydrogenase

Last Answer : Answer : B

Bile salts make emulsification with fat for the action of (A) Amylose (B) Lipase (C) Pepsin (D) Trypsin

Description : Bile salts make emulsification with fat for the action of (A) Amylose (B) Lipase (C) Pepsin (D) Trypsin

Last Answer : Answer : B

Gastric lipae is activated in the presence of (A) Bile salts (B) Cu++ (C) K+ (D) Na+

Description : Gastric lipae is activated in the presence of (A) Bile salts (B) Cu++ (C) K+ (D) Na+

Last Answer : Answer : A

The pancreatic amylase activity is increased in the presence of (A) Hydrochloric acid (B) Bile salts (C) Thiocyanate ions (D) Calcium ions

Description : The pancreatic amylase activity is increased in the presence of (A) Hydrochloric acid (B) Bile salts (C) Thiocyanate ions (D) Calcium ions

Last Answer : Answer : B

Vitamin C is required for the synthesis of (A) Bile acids from cholesterol (B) Bile salts from bile acids (C) Vitamin D from cholesterol (D) All of these

Description : Vitamin C is required for the synthesis of (A) Bile acids from cholesterol (B) Bile salts from bile acids (C) Vitamin D from cholesterol (D) All of these

Last Answer : Answer : A

Cholesterol, bile salts, vitamin D and sex hormones are (A) Mucolipids (B) Glycolipids (C) Phospholipids (D) Isoprenoid lipids

Description : Cholesterol, bile salts, vitamin D and sex hormones are (A) Mucolipids (B) Glycolipids (C) Phospholipids (D) Isoprenoid lipids

Last Answer : Answer : D

All the following statements about obstructive jaundice are true except (A) Prothrombin time may be prolonged due to impaired absorption of vitamin K (B) Serum alkaline phosphatase may be raised due to increased release of the enzyme from liver cells (C) Bile salts may enter systemic circulation due to biliary obstruction (D) There is no defect in conjugation of bilirubin

Description : All the following statements about obstructive jaundice are true except (A) Prothrombin time may be prolonged due to impaired absorption of vitamin K (B) Serum alkaline phosphatase may be raised ... systemic circulation due to biliary obstruction (D) There is no defect in conjugation of bilirubin

Last Answer : Answer : B

All the following statements about obstructive jaundice are true except (A) Conjugated bilirubin in serum is normal (B) Total bilirubin in serum is raised (C) Bile salts are present in urine (D) Serum alkaline phosphatase is raised

Description : All the following statements about obstructive jaundice are true except (A) Conjugated bilirubin in serum is normal (B) Total bilirubin in serum is raised (C) Bile salts are present in urine (D) Serum alkaline phosphatase is raised

Last Answer : Answer : A

Pancreatic lipase requires for its activity: (A) Co-lipase (B) Bile salts (C) Phospholipids (D) All of these

Description : Pancreatic lipase requires for its activity: (A) Co-lipase (B) Bile salts (C) Phospholipids (D) All of these

Last Answer : Answer : D

The precursor of bile salts, sex hormones and vitamin D is (A) Diosgenin (B) Cholesterol (C) Campesterol (D) Ergosterol

Description : The precursor of bile salts, sex hormones and vitamin D is (A) Diosgenin (B) Cholesterol (C) Campesterol (D) Ergosterol

Last Answer : Answer : B

Trypsinogen is converted to active trypsin by (A) Enterokinase (B) Bile salts (C) HCl (D) Mg++

Description : Trypsinogen is converted to active trypsin by (A) Enterokinase (B) Bile salts (C) HCl (D) Mg++

Last Answer : Answer : A

Pepsinogen is converted to active pepsin by (A) HCl (B) Bile salts (C) Ca++ (D) Enterokinase

Description : Pepsinogen is converted to active pepsin by (A) HCl (B) Bile salts (C) Ca++ (D) Enterokinase

Last Answer : Answer : A

The surface tension in intestinal lumen between fat droplets and aqueous medium is decreased by (A) Bile Salts (B) Bile acids (C) Conc. H2SO4 (D) Acetic acid

Description : The surface tension in intestinal lumen between fat droplets and aqueous medium is decreased by (A) Bile Salts (B) Bile acids (C) Conc. H2SO4 (D) Acetic acid

Last Answer : A

How are bile salts formed?

Description : How are bile salts formed?

Last Answer : Bile acids conjugated with taurine or glycine.

What is enterohepatic circulation of bile salts?

Description : What is enterohepatic circulation of bile salts?

Last Answer : They are separately reabsorbed from the ileum and returned to the liver to be re-excreted again to gut.

What happens to the bile salts of micelle?

Description : What happens to the bile salts of micelle? 

Last Answer : The bile salts are left behind.

What is the chemical name of bile salts?

Description : What is the chemical name of bile salts?

Last Answer : Sodium glycocholate and sodium taurocholate.

How bile salts help in the absorption of dietary lipids?

Description : How bile salts help in the absorption of dietary lipids?

Last Answer : By emulsifying the lipids and producing micelles of lipids.

Free fatty acids are transported in the blood (A) Combined with albumin (B) Combined with fatty acid binding protein (C) Combined with β -lipoprotein (D) In unbound free salts

Description : Free fatty acids are transported in the blood (A) Combined with albumin (B) Combined with fatty acid binding protein (C) Combined with β -lipoprotein (D) In unbound free salts

Last Answer : Answer : A

Bile, an emulsifier liquid, is made by the liver and later stored within the gallbladder and released in the duodenum. Bile is composed of bile salts, cholesterol and bile pigments. Bile salts are detergents, amphiphilic molecules, i.e., molecules with a polar water-soluble portion and a non-polar fat-soluble portion. This feature allows bile salts to enclose fats inside water-soluble micelles in a process called emulsification for them to be in contact with intestinal lipases, enzymes that break fats into simpler fatty acids and glycerol. Digestion System - Image Diversity: gallbladder

Description : Bile, an emulsifier liquid, is made by the liver and later stored within the gallbladder and released in the duodenum. Bile is composed of bile salts, cholesterol and bile pigments. ... enzymes that break fats into simpler fatty acids and glycerol. Digestion System - Image Diversity: gallbladder

Last Answer : What is the adnexal organ of the digestive system in which bile is stored?

What are the structural and chemical reasons why bile salts don’t form typical micelles?

Description : What are the structural and chemical reasons why bile salts don’t form typical micelles?

Last Answer : Although bile salts possess a polar head group, the hydrocarbon tail usually contains polar hydroxyl groups. Therefore the rigid ring system gives a tightly packed, almost solid, nonpolar phase rather ... liquid one. However, like cholesterol, bile salts can form mixed micelles with phospholipids. 

Emulsification of fat is carried out by (a) bile pigments (b) bile salts (c) HCl (d) pancreatic juice

Description : Emulsification of fat is carried out by (a) bile pigments (b) bile salts (c) HCl (d) pancreatic juice

Last Answer : b) bile salts

Intestinal bacteria can grow in the presence of __________whereas nonintestinal bacteria are A.bile salts B.low concentration of various dyes C.sugars D.low levels of nitrogen

Description : Intestinal bacteria can grow in the presence of __________whereas  nonintestinal bacteria are A.bile salts B.low concentration of various dyes C.sugars D.low levels of nitrogen

Last Answer : A.bile salts

Select the hypocholesterolemic drug which interferes with intestinal absorption of bile salts and cholesterol, and secondarily increases cholesterol turnover in the liver: A. Gemfibrozil B. Cholestyramine C. Lovastatin D. Bezafibrate

Description : Select the hypocholesterolemic drug which interferes with intestinal absorption of bile salts and cholesterol, and secondarily increases cholesterol turnover in the liver: A. Gemfibrozil B. Cholestyramine C. Lovastatin D. Bezafibrate

Last Answer : B. Cholestyramine

The surface tension in intestinal lumen between fat droplets and aqueous medium is decreased by (A) Bile Salts (B) Bile acids (C) Conc. H2SO4 (D) Acetic acid

Description : The surface tension in intestinal lumen between fat droplets and aqueous medium is decreased by (A) Bile Salts (B) Bile acids (C) Conc. H2SO4 (D) Acetic acid

Last Answer : (A) Bile Salts

Fat digestion is diffcult due to absence of (a) Bile salts (b) Bile pigments (c) Cholesterol (d) All

Description : Fat digestion is diffcult due to absence of (a) Bile salts (b) Bile pigments (c) Cholesterol (d) All

Last Answer : (a) Bile salts

More than 90% of bile salts are reabsorbed in (a) Duodenum (b) Ileum (c) Colon (d) None

Description : More than 90% of bile salts are reabsorbed in (a) Duodenum (b) Ileum (c) Colon (d) None

Last Answer : (b) Ileum

Bile salts in bile juice of man arc (a) 8.2% (b) 8.6% (c) 8.6% (d) .65%

Description : Bile salts in bile juice of man arc (a) 8.2% (b) 8.6% (c) 8.6% (d) .65%

Last Answer : (a) 8.2%

Emulsification of fat is brought about by (a) Bile pigments (b) Bile salts (c) Pancreatic juice (d) HCl

Description : Emulsification of fat is brought about by (a) Bile pigments (b) Bile salts (c) Pancreatic juice (d) HCl

Last Answer : (b) Bile salts

Yellow colour of bile is due to (a) Bili verdin (b) Bili rubin (c) Bile salts (d) None

Description : Yellow colour of bile is due to (a) Bili verdin (b) Bili rubin (c) Bile salts (d) None

Last Answer : (b) Bili rubin

Light brown colour of faeces is due to : (a) Bile pigments (b) Bile salts (e) Bacteria (d) None

Description : Light brown colour of faeces is due to : (a) Bile pigments (b) Bile salts (e) Bacteria (d) None

Last Answer : (a) Bile pigments

Cellulose is made up of the molecules of (A) α-glucose (B) β-glucose (C) Both of the above (D) None of these

Description : Cellulose is made up of the molecules of (A) α-glucose (B) β-glucose (C) Both of the above (D) None of these

Last Answer : A

In glucose the orientation of the —H and —OH groups around the carbon atom 5 adjacent to the terminal primary alcohol carbon determines (A) D or L series (B) Dextro or levorotatory (C) α and β anomers (D) Epimers

Description : In glucose the orientation of the —H and —OH groups around the carbon atom 5 adjacent to the terminal primary alcohol carbon determines (A) D or L series (B) Dextro or levorotatory (C) α and β anomers (D) Epimers

Last Answer : A

α-D-glucose and β -D-glucose are (A) Stereoisomers (B) Epimers (C) Anomers (D) Keto-aldo pairs

Description : α-D-glucose and β -D-glucose are (A) Stereoisomers (B) Epimers (C) Anomers (D) Keto-aldo pairs

Last Answer : C

Match the items given in column I with those in column II and select the correct option given below. Column I Column II A. Glycosuria (i) Accumulation of uric acid in joints B. Gout (ii) Mass of crystallised salts within the kidney C. Renal calculi (iii) Inflammation in glomeruli D. Glomerular (iv) Presence of glucose in nephritis urine A B C D (a) (iii) (ii) (iv) (i) (b) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (c) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv) (d) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)

Description : Match the items given in column I with those in column II and select the correct option given below. Column I Column II A. Glycosuria (i) Accumulation of uric acid in joints B. Gout (ii) Mass of crystallised salts within the kidney ... (iii) (iv) (c) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv) (d) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)

Last Answer : (d) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)

It has been suggested that enterocyte-specific fuels be utilized for all patients receiving parenteral nutrition. Theoretically, the benefits of such fuels include: A. Glutamine increases gut mucosal protein content and wall thickness. B. Butyrate increases jejunal mucosal protein content and wall thickness. C. The short-chain fatty acids—butyrate, propionate, and acetate—are useful in supporting ileal mucosal protein content and thickness. D. The use of glutamine-enriched solutions for parenteral nutrition for patients with chemotherapy toxicity or radiation enteritis is without hazards.

Description : It has been suggested that enterocyte-specific fuels be utilized for all patients receiving parenteral nutrition. Theoretically, the benefits of such fuels include: A. Glutamine increases ... parenteral nutrition for patients with chemotherapy toxicity or radiation enteritis is without hazards.

Last Answer : Answer: NONE IS ENTIRELY TRUE DISCUSSION: The use of enterocyte-specific fuels is part of a new and potentially exciting phase of nutritional pharmacology in parenteral nutrition; ... the maintenance of colonocyte-specific nutrition and, in the case of butyrate, ileal enterocyte nutrition

The constituent responsible for the aroma of Apple is _ A) Ethyl-2-methyl B) Eugenol C) Isopentanol D) Tiaxanol butyrate

Description : The constituent responsible for the aroma of Apple is _ A) Ethyl-2-methyl B) Eugenol C) Isopentanol D) Tiaxanol butyrate

Last Answer : A) Ethyl-2-methyl

Which of the following esters produces butyric acid and phenol on hydrolysis? (a) Phenyl butyrate (b) Butyl benzoate (c) Benzyl propionate (d) Phenyl propionate

Description : Which of the following esters produces butyric acid and phenol on hydrolysis? (a) Phenyl butyrate (b) Butyl benzoate (c) Benzyl propionate (d) Phenyl propionate

Last Answer : Phenyl butyrate

Kolbe's electrolysis of sodium butyrate gives (a) C8H16 (b) C6H14(c) C8H18(d) C6H12

Description : Kolbe's electrolysis of sodium butyrate gives (a) C8H16 (b) C6H14 (c) C8H18 (d) C6H12

Last Answer : C6H14

Celluloid is chemically (A) Cellulose acetate (B) Regenerated cellulose (C) Cellulose nitrate (D) Cellulose acetate butyrate

Description : Celluloid is chemically (A) Cellulose acetate (B) Regenerated cellulose (C) Cellulose nitrate (D) Cellulose acetate butyrate

Last Answer : (C) Cellulose nitrate

In the biosynthesis of testosterone the rate limiting step is conversion of (A) Cholesterol to pregnenolone (B) Pregnenolone to progesterone (C) Progesterone to 17 α-hydroxy progesterone (D) 17 α-Hydroxy progesterone to androstenedione

Description : In the biosynthesis of testosterone the rate limiting step is conversion of (A) Cholesterol to pregnenolone (B) Pregnenolone to progesterone (C) Progesterone to 17 α-hydroxy progesterone (D) 17 α-Hydroxy progesterone to androstenedione

Last Answer : Answer : A

Catecholamine hormones are (A) 3, 4-Dihydroxy derivatives of phenylethylamine (B) p-Hydroxy derivatives of phenylacetate (C) p-Hydroxy derivatives of phenylpyruvate (D) p-Hydroxy derivatives of phenyllactate

Description : Catecholamine hormones are (A) 3, 4-Dihydroxy derivatives of phenylethylamine (B) p-Hydroxy derivatives of phenylacetate (C) p-Hydroxy derivatives of phenylpyruvate (D) p-Hydroxy derivatives of phenyllactate

Last Answer : Answer : A

Goitrogenic substance present in cabbage is (A) 5-vinyl-2 thio oxalzolidone (B) Pyridine-3-carboxylic acid (C) 3-Hydroxy-4, 5-dihydroxymethyl1–2-methyl pyridine (D) δ-ALA dehydratase

Description : Goitrogenic substance present in cabbage is (A) 5-vinyl-2 thio oxalzolidone (B) Pyridine-3-carboxylic acid (C) 3-Hydroxy-4, 5-dihydroxymethyl1–2-methyl pyridine (D) δ-ALA dehydratase

Last Answer : Answer : A

The protein, which is in fact a multifunctional enzyme complex in higher organism is (A) Acetyl transacylase (B) Malonyl transacylase (C) 3-Hydroxy acyl-ACP dehyratase (D) Fatty acid synthase

Description : The protein, which is in fact a multifunctional enzyme complex in higher organism is (A) Acetyl transacylase (B) Malonyl transacylase (C) 3-Hydroxy acyl-ACP dehyratase (D) Fatty acid synthase

Last Answer : Answer : D

In the pathway leading to biosynthesis of acetoacetate from acetyl-CoA in liver, the immediate precursor of aceotacetate is (A) Acetoacetyl-CoA (B) 3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA (C) 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (D) 3-Hydroxybutyrate

Description : In the pathway leading to biosynthesis of acetoacetate from acetyl-CoA in liver, the immediate precursor of aceotacetate is (A) Acetoacetyl-CoA (B) 3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA (C) 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (D) 3-Hydroxybutyrate

Last Answer : Answer : A

The synthesis of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA can occur (A) Only in mitochondria of all mammalian tissues (B) Only in the cytosol of all mammalian tissue (C) In both cytosol and mitochondria (D) In lysosomes

Description : The synthesis of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA can occur (A) Only in mitochondria of all mammalian tissues (B) Only in the cytosol of all mammalian tissue (C) In both cytosol and mitochondria (D) In lysosomes

Last Answer : Answer : C