Complement system can be activated by binding of antigen to (A) IgA (B) IgD (C) IgE (D) IgM

Complement system can be activated by binding of antigen to (A) IgA (B) IgD (C) IgE (D) IgM
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why IgM and IgE are longer than IgG , IgD and IgA?

Description : why IgM and IgE are longer than IgG , IgD and IgA?

Last Answer : Immunoglobulin G (IgG), the most abundant type of antibody, is found in all body fluids and protects against bacterial and viral infections. Immunoglobulin M (IgM), which is found mainly in the blood and lymph fluid, is the first antibody to be made by the body to fight a new infection.

Allergy is immediate hypersensitivity mediated by _____and mast cell degranulation a) IgG b) IgE c) IgM d) IgA e) IgD

Description : Allergy is immediate hypersensitivity mediated by _____and mast cell degranulation a) IgG b) IgE c) IgM d) IgA e) IgD

Last Answer : Ans: B

On exposure to any antigen, the first antibody to be formed is of the following class: (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgM (D) IgE

Description : On exposure to any antigen, the first antibody to be formed is of the following class: (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgM (D) IgE

Last Answer : Answer : C

Reaginic antibody is (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgD (D) IgE

Description : Reaginic antibody is (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgD (D) IgE

Last Answer : Answer : D

In allergic diseases, the concentration of the following is increased in plasma: (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgD (D) IgE

Description : In allergic diseases, the concentration of the following is increased in plasma: (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgD (D) IgE

Last Answer : Answer : D

Allergic reactions are mediated by (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgD (D) IgE

Description : Allergic reactions are mediated by (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgD (D) IgE

Last Answer : Answer : D

Gamma heavy chains are present in (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgM (D) IgD

Description : Gamma heavy chains are present in (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgM (D) IgD

Last Answer : Answer : B

An immunoglobulin which can cross the placental barrier is (A) IgA (B) IgM (C) IgD (D) None of these

Description : An immunoglobulin which can cross the placental barrier is (A) IgA (B) IgM (C) IgD (D) None of these

Last Answer : Answer : D

The largest immunoglobulin is (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgM (D) IgD

Description : The largest immunoglobulin is (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgM (D) IgD

Last Answer : Answer : C

The most abundant immunoglobulin in plasma is (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgM (D) IgD

Description : The most abundant immunoglobulin in plasma is (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgM (D) IgD

Last Answer : Answer : B

The immunoglobulin having the longest half-life is (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgM (D) IgE

Description : The immunoglobulin having the longest half-life is (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgM (D) IgE

Last Answer : Answer : B

An immunoglobulin found in exocrine secretions is (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgM (D) IgE

Description : An immunoglobulin found in exocrine secretions is (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgM (D) IgE

Last Answer : Answer : A

Which is the only immunoglobulin that can cross the placenta? a. IgA b. IgD c. IgE d. IgG

Description : Which is the only immunoglobulin that can cross the placenta? a. IgA b. IgD c. IgE d. IgG

Last Answer : d. IgG

The _____ class of antibodies is the principal component of a secondary antibody response. a. IgM b. IgD c. IgG d. IgE

Description : The _____ class of antibodies is the principal component of a secondary antibody response. a. IgM b. IgD c. IgG d. IgE

Last Answer : c. IgG

Which of the following mediates Type I hypersensitivity reaction? A- IgE B- IgG C- IgM D- IgD

Description : Which of the following mediates Type I hypersensitivity reaction? A- IgE B- IgG C- IgM D- IgD

Last Answer : IgE

Which of the following immunoglobulins does constitute the largest percentage in human milk? (a) IgA (b) IgG (c) IgD (d) IgM

Description : Which of the following immunoglobulins does constitute the largest percentage in human milk? (a) IgA (b) IgG (c) IgD (d) IgM

Last Answer : (a) IgA

The maternal _____ antibodies remain with the child for approximately three to six months after birth providing immunity after birth. a. IgA b. IgG c. IgM d. IgD

Description : The maternal _____ antibodies remain with the child for approximately three to six months after birth providing immunity after birth. a. IgA b. IgG c. IgM d. IgD

Last Answer : b. IgG

Of the five classes of antibodies,_____ and_____ are primary disease fighters, while secretory _____ is found on body (mucosal) surfaces. a. IgA, IgG, IgD b. IgG, IgA, IgM c. IgG, IgD, IgM d. IgG, IgM, IgA

Description : Of the five classes of antibodies,_____ and_____ are primary disease fighters, while secretory _____ is found on body (mucosal) surfaces. a. IgA, IgG, IgD b. IgG, IgA, IgM c. IgG, IgD, IgM d. IgG, IgM, IgA

Last Answer : d. IgG, IgM, IgA

Which of the following classes of immunoglobulins is important in immunity to T. vaginalis? A A. IgA B. IgG C. IgE D. IgM

Description : Which of the following classes of immunoglobulins is important in immunity to T. vaginalis? A A. IgA B. IgG C. IgE D. IgM

Last Answer : IgA

The colostrum, or first milk of a nursing mother, contains _____ that is transferred to the nursing child. a. IgA b. IgG c. IgM d. IgE

Description : The colostrum, or first milk of a nursing mother, contains _____ that is transferred to the nursing child. a. IgA b. IgG c. IgM d. IgE

Last Answer : a. IgA

Resistance to disease in the passageways of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract is dependent on antibodies in the class _____. a. IgG b. IgA c. IgE d. IgM

Description : Resistance to disease in the passageways of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract is dependent on antibodies in the class _____. a. IgG b. IgA c. IgE d. IgM

Last Answer : b. IgA

This dimeric antibody class often occurs in secretions of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. a. IgE b. IgM c. IgA. d. IgG

Description : This dimeric antibody class often occurs in secretions of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. a. IgE b. IgM c. IgA. d. IgG

Last Answer : c. IgA.

14.The immunoglobulin present in colostrum is (a) IgE (b) IgM (c) IgG (d) IgA

Description : 14.The immunoglobulin present in colostrum is (a) IgE (b) IgM (c) IgG (d) IgA

Last Answer : (b) IgM

Secretory component is present in (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgM (D) All of these

Description : Secretory component is present in (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgM (D) All of these

Last Answer : Answer : A

Which AB is responsible for atopy? A. IgA B. IgE C. IgG D. IgW

Description : Which AB is responsible for atopy? A. IgA B. IgE C. IgG D. IgW

Last Answer : Ans: B

The components of complement system are activated by (A) Microsomal hydroxylation (B) Phosphorylation (C) Glycosylation (D) Proteloysis

Description : The components of complement system are activated by (A) Microsomal hydroxylation (B) Phosphorylation (C) Glycosylation (D) Proteloysis

Last Answer : Answer : D

Type I ADR reactions is___________ a) Caused when T-cells bind to a specific antigen b) Caused by tissue injury c) IgE mediated d) Caused by cytotoxic antibodies

Description : Type I ADR reactions is___________ a) Caused when T-cells bind to a specific antigen b) Caused by tissue injury c) IgE mediated d) Caused by cytotoxic antibodies

Last Answer : c) IgE mediated 

The alternate complement pathway doesn’t involve (A) Antigen-antibody complex (B) Complement 3 (C) Factors B and D (D) Membrane attack unit

Description : The alternate complement pathway doesn’t involve (A) Antigen-antibody complex (B) Complement 3 (C) Factors B and D (D) Membrane attack unit

Last Answer : Answer : A

The portion of the antigen molecule which is recognized by antibody is known as (A) Hapten (B) Epitope (C) Complement (D) Variable region

Description : The portion of the antigen molecule which is recognized by antibody is known as (A) Hapten (B) Epitope (C) Complement (D) Variable region

Last Answer : Answer : B

The following are true about cell-mediated immunity: a. antigen-specific function is the role of the T-lymphocytes b. cell-mediated immunity can activate the complement system c. it is responsible for the delayed hypersensitivity reaction. d. Gamma interferon is an important mediator of B-cell activation.

Description : The following are true about cell-mediated immunity: a. antigen-specific function is the role of the T-lymphocytes b. cell-mediated immunity can activate the complement system c. it is ... the delayed hypersensitivity reaction. d. Gamma interferon is an important mediator of B-cell activation.

Last Answer : cell-mediated immunity can activate the complement system

Phosphoinositide cascade is activated on binding of catecholamines to (A) α1-Adrenergic receptors (B) α2-Adrenergic receptors (C) β1-Adrenergic receptors (D) β2-Adrenergic receptors

Description : Phosphoinositide cascade is activated on binding of catecholamines to (A) α1-Adrenergic receptors (B) α2-Adrenergic receptors (C) β1-Adrenergic receptors (D) β2-Adrenergic receptors

Last Answer : Answer : A

Which of the following statements regarding the complement system are true? a. Complement activation yields products which are directly cytotoxic as well as products which act indirectly via activated leukocytes b. Complement products referred to as anaphylatoxins include C1, C3a, C4a, and C5a c. The principal role of C5a is in bacterial opsonization d. The alternative and classical pathways converge proximal to generating the membrane attack complex (C5b-9)

Description : Which of the following statements regarding the complement system are true? a. Complement activation yields products which are directly cytotoxic as well as products which act indirectly via activated ... and classical pathways converge proximal to generating the membrane attack complex (C5b-9)

Last Answer : Answer: a, d The complement system is composed of two different but linked sequences, the classic and alternative pathways. The pathways involve serum proteins that act to amplify the inflammatory-immune ... the C5 level proximal to generating the membrane attack complex (C5b-9) (Figure 6-3)

____ becomes activated to eliminate "nonself" cells, such as virus- infected cells or cancer cells. a. Humoral immune response b. Cell-mediated immune response c. Complement d. Inflammation

Description : ____ becomes activated to eliminate "nonself" cells, such as virus- infected cells or cancer cells. a. Humoral immune response b. Cell-mediated immune response c. Complement d. Inflammation

Last Answer : b. Cell-mediated immune response

When the Human Resources module is activated, which areas must be addressed? a. Complement (number of workers) b. Caliber (recruitment of talent of workers) c. Training (time workers spend in training) d. Benefits (retirement planning for workers) e. a, b, and c

Description : When the Human Resources module is activated, which areas must be addressed? a. Complement (number of workers) b. Caliber (recruitment of talent of workers) c. Training (time workers spend in training) d. Benefits (retirement planning for workers) e. a, b, and c

Last Answer : e. a, b, and c

The following statement(s) is/are true concerning cellular defense mechanisms. a. Macrophages function solely as antigen processing cells in the initial reaction to exposure to an antigen b. Macrophages may become activated and secrete cytokines c. Macrophages serve as phagocytic cells in the tissues but not within the bloodstream d. Polymorphonucleocytes (PMNS) are normally present in only small numbers within the tissue and enter an area of infection through diapedesis

Description : The following statement(s) is/are true concerning cellular defense mechanisms. a. Macrophages function solely as antigen processing cells in the initial reaction to exposure to an antigen b. Macrophages ... in only small numbers within the tissue and enter an area of infection through diapedesis

Last Answer : Answer: b, d A wide variety of cell types serve to provide host defense at several levels. Macrophages act as the initial antigen processing cell that serves to ... through diapedesis after chemotactic stimuli are excluded by macrophages, bacterial breakdown products, and complement activation

The following are true about the Fc regions of an immunoglobulins: a. they can be cleaved from the Fab regions by papain b. they are involved in mast cell binding c. they are involved in the activation of the complement cascade d. all above

Description : The following are true about the Fc regions of an immunoglobulins: a. they can be cleaved from the Fab regions by papain b. they are involved in mast cell binding c. they are involved in the activation of the complement cascade d. all above

Last Answer : all above

Antibody diversity results from a. Apoptosis. b. Antigenic shift. c. Somatic recombination. d. Complement binding.

Description : Antibody diversity results from a. Apoptosis. b. Antigenic shift. c. Somatic recombination. d. Complement binding.

Last Answer : c. Somatic recombination.

Antigen binding site in an antibody is found between:

Description : Antigen binding site in an antibody is found between:

Last Answer : Antigen binding site in an antibody is found between: A. two light chains B. two heavy ... one light chain depending upon the nature of antigen

The antigen -binding sites are present where on the antibody molecule

Description : The antigen -binding sites are present where on the antibody molecule

Last Answer : The antigen -binding sites are present where on the antibody molecule A. on light chain as well as ... region of light chain D. on heavy chain only

Antigen binding site in an antibody is found between:

Description : Antigen binding site in an antibody is found between:

Last Answer : Antigen binding site in an antibody is found between: A. two light chains B. two heavy ... one light chain depending upon the nature of antigen

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the antibody response to an invading antigen? a. All antibodies are composed of one type of heavy and one type of light protein chain b. The carboxyl terminus of the heavy chain is the antigen binding site c. Antibody of the immunoglobulin G class is the initial antibody produced in response to an antigenic stimulus d. Immunoglobulins A, D, and E play an active role in the circulating humoral response

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the antibody response to an invading antigen? a. All antibodies are composed of one type of heavy and one type of light protein chain b. ... stimulus d. Immunoglobulins A, D, and E play an active role in the circulating humoral response

Last Answer : Answer: a Humoral defenses consist of antibody (immunoglobulin; Ig) and complement. All Ig classes (IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD) and IgG subclasses are composed of one type (M, G, A, E, D ... exist in smaller amounts in the circulation and do not appear to play a major role as host defense components

_____ cells have antibodies on their surface that perform receptor functions by binding to antigen (epitope).a. T b. B c. NK d. A-C are correct

Description : _____ cells have antibodies on their surface that perform receptor functions by binding to antigen (epitope). a. T b. B c. NK d. A-C are correct

Last Answer : b. B

An antigen binding site on the IgG antibody is a combination of a. One variable region from a light chain and one from a heavy chain. b. Two variable regions from two light chains. c. Two variable regions from two heavy chainsd. One variable region from a constant region and one from a variable region..

Description : An antigen binding site on the IgG antibody is a combination of a. One variable region from a light chain and one from a heavy chain. b. Two variable regions from two light chains. c. Two ... from two heavy chains. d. One variable region from a constant region and one from a variable region.

Last Answer : a. One variable region from a light chain and one from a heavy chain.

Clonal selection includes a. Antigen-receptor binding on B cells. b. Antibody secretion recognizing same epitope as on B cell receptors. c. Differentiation of B cells into plasma cells and memory cells. d. All the above (A—C) are correct.

Description : Clonal selection includes a. Antigen-receptor binding on B cells. b. Antibody secretion recognizing same epitope as on B cell receptors. c. Differentiation of B cells into plasma cells and memory cells. d. All the above (A—C) are correct.

Last Answer : d. All the above (A—C) are correct.

Numerous antibodies can be prepared, against one antigen, each binds to unique epitopes. How is this antibody diversity generated? A- By rearrangements of the DNA encoding the variable regions of the heavy and light chains B- By the combination of different heavy and light chains that form the antigen binding siteC- Antibody proteins can physically change their shape to bind different epitopes D- Both (a) and (b)

Description : Numerous antibodies can be prepared, against one antigen, each binds to unique epitopes. How is this antibody diversity generated? A- By rearrangements of the DNA encoding the variable regions of the heavy ... proteins can physically change their shape to bind different epitopes D- Both (a) and (b)

Last Answer : Both (a) and (b)

Chemistry of antigen binding

Description : Chemistry of antigen binding 

Last Answer : The interaction of an antigen antibody is a reversible binding process that requires several non-covalent interactions like hydrogen bonds, electrostatic forces and hydrophobic interactions. Affinity and Avidity ... less flat and hence spacious so that they can attach large complexes or structures.

G-proteins: a. are activated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a membrane receptor b. can be mutated in tumour cells c. mediate the action of glucocorticoid hormone d. they are inactivated by cholera toxins

Description : G-proteins: a. are activated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a membrane receptor b. can be mutated in tumour cells c. mediate the action of glucocorticoid hormone d. they are inactivated by cholera toxins

Last Answer : are activated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a membrane receptor