Description : Clonal selection includes a. Antigen-receptor binding on B cells. b. Antibody secretion recognizing same epitope as on B cell receptors. c. Differentiation of B cells into plasma cells and memory cells. d. All the above (A—C) are correct.
Last Answer : d. All the above (A—C) are correct.
Description : A _____ is a protein receptor on the surface of macrophages, dendritic cells, and endothelial cells that allow them to recognize foreign cell markers. a. Toll-like receptor (TLR) b. pathogen-associated c. Membrane attack complex (MAC) d. Natural killer cells (NK)
Last Answer : b. pathogen-associated
Description : Acquired immunity usually involves protein receptors on B and T cells that recognize discrete regions of the antigen called _____. a. haptens b. epitopes c. antibodies d. protein receptors
Last Answer : b. epitopes
Description : The _____ cell contains on its surface a CD4 receptor site that enhances binding to the macrophage. a. Helper T b. molecular patterns (PAMPs) c. plasma d. B
Last Answer : a. IgG
Description : Numerous antibodies can be prepared, against one antigen, each binds to unique epitopes. How is this antibody diversity generated? A- By rearrangements of the DNA encoding the variable regions of the heavy ... proteins can physically change their shape to bind different epitopes D- Both (a) and (b)
Last Answer : Both (a) and (b)
Description : All forms of immunity depend on an exposure to antigens and a subsequent response by _____ cells. a. basophil b. neutrophil c. NK d. T
Last Answer : d. T
Description : Which of the following is correct? A- All T Cells are CD4+ B- An epitope can have multiple antigens C- .T Cell receptors are generated by random assortment of gene cassettes D- .MHC Class II molecules are generated by random assortment of gene cassettes
Last Answer : .T Cell receptors are generated by random assortment of gene cassettes
Description : Which of the following is NOT a lymphocyte? a. B-cells b. T-cell c. NK cells d. Basophils
Last Answer : d. Basophils
Description : A hybridoma cell a. Secretes monoclonal antibodies. b. Presents antigens on its surface. c. Secretes polyclonal antibodies. d. Is an antigen-presenting cell
Last Answer : d. Is an antigen-presenting cell
Description : Acquired immunity consists of humoral immunity maintained by _____ and _____, and cell-mediated immunity controlled by _____ a. T cells, complement, B cells b. T cells, Interleukin, B cells c. B cells, antibodies, T cells d. B cells, histamine, T cells
Last Answer : c. B cells, antibodies, T cells
Description : In the body's immune system, _____ are the major producers of secreted antibodies. a. macrophages b. plasma cells c. T cells d. B cells
Last Answer : b. plasma cells
Description : CD8 surface antigen is present in A- cytotoxic T cells B- .suppresssor T cells C- both (a) and (b) D- none of these
Last Answer : both (a) and (b)
Description : Which of the following expresses CD3 surface antigen? A- Granulocytes B- T cells C- Monocytes D- B cells
Last Answer : T cells
Description : The cytotoxic T cells have a_____ co-receptor while the helper T cells have a _____ co-receptor. a. CD8. CD4 b. CD4, CD8 c. MHCI, MHCII d. MHCII, MHCI
Last Answer : a. CD8. CD4
Description : In which of the following case a large lattice is formed? A.Antibody is in excess B.Antigens and antibodies are in optimal proportion C.Antigen is in excess D.None of these
Last Answer : B.Antigens and antibodies are in optimal proportion
Description : Natural killer (NK) cells kill by secreting a. Lysozymes. b. Granzymes. c. Defensins. d. Interferons.
Last Answer : b. Granzymes.
Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the antibody response to an invading antigen? a. All antibodies are composed of one type of heavy and one type of light protein chain b. ... stimulus d. Immunoglobulins A, D, and E play an active role in the circulating humoral response
Last Answer : Answer: a Humoral defenses consist of antibody (immunoglobulin; Ig) and complement. All Ig classes (IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD) and IgG subclasses are composed of one type (M, G, A, E, D ... exist in smaller amounts in the circulation and do not appear to play a major role as host defense components
Description : Which of the following is correct for CD8 T cells? A- CD8 T cells only recognize virus-infected cells B- CD8 T cell receptor recognizes epitopes that are also commonly recognized by B cells ... selection only D- CD8 T cells can kill individual virus-infected cells in a contact dependent fashion
Last Answer : CD8 T cells can kill individual virus-infected cells in a contact dependent fashion
Description : An antigen binding site on the IgG antibody is a combination of a. One variable region from a light chain and one from a heavy chain. b. Two variable regions from two light chains. c. Two ... from two heavy chains. d. One variable region from a constant region and one from a variable region.
Last Answer : a. One variable region from a light chain and one from a heavy chain.
Description : The portion of the antigen molecule which is recognized by antibody is known as (A) Hapten (B) Epitope (C) Complement (D) Variable region
Last Answer : Answer : B
Description : Type I ADR reactions is___________ a) Caused when T-cells bind to a specific antigen b) Caused by tissue injury c) IgE mediated d) Caused by cytotoxic antibodies
Last Answer : c) IgE mediated
Description : Severe combined immunodeficiency disease refers to a condition wherein a patient a. Cannot produce T and B cells. b. Interferon. c. Antigen-presenting cells. d. Hydrogen peroxide in phagocytes
Last Answer : a. Cannot produce T and B cells.
Description : Performs and granzymes are found in a. Helper T cells. b. Antigen-presenting cells. c. Cytotoxic T cells. d. B cells.
Last Answer : c. Cytotoxic T cells.
Description : Hyperimmune serum is serum with a higher than normal level of _____. a. antigens b. antibodies c. toxins d. immune cells
Last Answer : b. antibodies
Description : Antibodies produced by a single clone of myeloma cells are referred to as _____ antibodies. a. Chimeric b. Monoclonal c. Polyclonal d. Hybrid
Last Answer : b. Monoclonal
Description : The formation of _____ by_____ directly lyses and kills pathogens. a. Membrane Attack Complexes, complement b. Inflammation, lymph nodes c. antibodies, plasma cells d. Plasma cells, B cells
Last Answer : a. Membrane Attack Complexes, complement
Description : The function of a viral capsid is A.protection against the viral genome from physical and enzymatic destruction B.providing binding sites that enable the virus to attach to specific receptor sites on the host ... C.serving as a vehicle of transmission from one host to another D.all of the above
Last Answer : D.all of the above
Description : Which of the following statements is false regarding B cells? A- B cells can undergo class switching and produce a different antibody type B- B one marrow stem cells migrate to the thymus and ... D- B cells that recognize high concentrations of antigens (self) in the absence of other signals
Last Answer : B one marrow stem cells migrate to the thymus and develop into B cells
Description : The body responds to exotoxins by producing antibodies called _____. a. Adhesins b. Antitoxins c. Toxoids d. A-C Are Correct
Last Answer : b. Antitoxins
Description : In Type I hypersensitivity the first dose of antigen is the _____. a. Immunizing Dose b. Sensitizing Dose c. Allergizing Dose d. Activating Dose
Last Answer : b. Sensitizing Dose
Description : The role of the M cell is to A- .trap virus in mucus and prevent entry B- induce apoptosis in virus-infected small intestinal epithelia cells C- pass bacteria or virus to underlying macrophages for ... and presentation of antigen D- they use their cilia to propel mucus out of the small intestine
Last Answer : pass bacteria or virus to underlying macrophages for processing and presentation of antigen
Description : Predominant cell types in typical chronic inflammation are all of the following EXCEPT: A A. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes B. Macrophages C. T helper lymphocytes D. NK cells
Last Answer : Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
Description : The maternal _____ antibodies remain with the child for approximately three to six months after birth providing immunity after birth. a. IgA b. IgG c. IgM d. IgD
Last Answer : b. IgG
Description : Passive artificial immunity occurs in the body when a/an _____ is injected into the body or when a developing fetus receives antibodies across the placenta. a. antibody-rich serum b. antigens c. haptens d. adjuvant
Last Answer : a. antibody-rich serum
Description : Of the five classes of antibodies,_____ and_____ are primary disease fighters, while secretory _____ is found on body (mucosal) surfaces. a. IgA, IgG, IgD b. IgG, IgA, IgM c. IgG, IgD, IgM d. IgG, IgM, IgA
Last Answer : d. IgG, IgM, IgA
Description : Antibodies contain two identical_____ chains, and two identical _____ chains. a. right, left b. constant, variable c. heavy, light d. Fab, Fc
Last Answer : c. heavy, light
Description : The _____ class of antibodies is the principal component of a secondary antibody response. a. IgM b. IgD c. IgG d. IgE
Last Answer : c. IgG
Description : Resistance to disease in the passageways of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract is dependent on antibodies in the class _____. a. IgG b. IgA c. IgE d. IgM
Last Answer : b. IgA
Description : Macrophages are professional antigen- presenting cells. The protein molecule through which theypresent antigen in human is A.actin B.interleukin C.HLA D.CD8
Last Answer : D.CD8
Description : Macrophages are professional antigen- presenting cells. The protein molecule through whichthey present antigen in human is A- actin B- nterleukin C- HLA D- .CD8
Last Answer : .CD8
Description : Which of the following is exposed on the outer surface of a gram-negative bacterium?A- O-antigen of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) B- Polysaccharide portion of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) C- Braun lipoprotein D- .Electron transport system components
Last Answer : O-antigen of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Description : During the course of a cellular hypersensitivity a. Antibodies react with antigens in tissues. b. Serotonin and histamine are released by cells. c. Immune complexes form on blood vessel surfaces. d. A skin thickening called an induration may form.
Last Answer : b. Serotonin and histamine are released by cells.
Description : All the following are associated with hemolytic disease of the newborn except: a. It is one of the most common diseases among Americans. b. It may occur if an Rh (-) female conceives a child who ... antibodies. d. It can be prevented by using rhogam. 16 Which one of the following applies to the
Last Answer : b. It may occur if an Rh (-) female conceives a child who is Rh (+).
Description : What serologicaL test requires sheep red blood cells and a preparation of antibodies that recognizes the sheep red blood ceLls? a. ELISA b. Radioimmunoassay c. Immunodiffusion d. Complement fixation test
Last Answer : d. Complement fixation test
Description : Which of the following statements about septic shock are true? A. A circulating myocardial depressant factor may account for the cardiac dysfunction sometimes seen with shock due to sepsis or ... animal studies that demonstrate a significant improvement in survival with the use of such agents.
Last Answer : Answer: AB DISCUSSION: Shock due to sepsis or SIRS frequently manifests as a hyperdynamic cardiovascular response, consisting of an elevated CI and a decreased SVR or SVRI. Occasionally, ... been encouraging thus far in human clinical trials, despite the promising results from many animal studies
Description : What is correct for blood group O? (a) No antigens but both a and b antibodies are present. (b) A antigen and b antibody present. (c) Antigen and antibody both absent. (d) A and B antigens and a, b antibodies present.
Last Answer : (a) No antigens but both a and b antibodies are present.
Description : Which binding is inhibited by pactamycin? A- Aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site of 30S subunit B- Initiator-tRNA to 30S/40S initiation complexes C- Peptidyl t-RNA to the 50S subunit D- Formation of peptide bond in P site
Last Answer : Initiator-tRNA to 30S/40S initiation complexes
Description : What is the advantage of a recombinant subunit vaccine? a. it can't cause disease b. adverse reactions are rare because only the important subunits of the antigen are included c. the vaccine is not made from blood fragments d. A-C are correct
Last Answer : d. A-C are correct
Description : Booster immunizations are used to raise the antibody level by stimulating the _____ cells to induce the secondary antibody response. a. helper T b. B c. memory d. plasma
Last Answer : c. memory