Explain “BALUN” with neat sketch

1 Answer

Answer :

Diagram-

image

Explaination

image

Related questions

Description : Explain duct propagation with neat sketch.

Last Answer : Duct propagation is a special type and used for very high microwave frequencies. New phenomenon which occurs in super-refraction, also known as ducting. As the height above earth increases, ... in the standard atmosphere. The Duct propagation is used for very high frequencies in GHz range.

Description : Explain virtual height with respect to wave propagation with neat sketch.

Last Answer : In ionization layer the incident wave refracts and bends down gradually than sharply.   The incident and refracted rays follow paths that are exactly the same as they would have been if reflection had taken place from a surface located at a greater height called virtual height of this layer. 

Description : Explain isotropic radiator with neat sketch. 

Last Answer : An isotropic radiator is a point source that radiates equally in all the directions. It is a hypothetical antenna used as a reference to describe real antenna. The radiation is represented by a sphere with center coincides with location of isotropic radiator.

Description : Explain ground wave propogation with neat sketch. 

Last Answer : Sketch-   Explanationi) It consists of direct wave which travels near the ground from Transmitter to Receiver. ii) The electromagnetic wave leaves the transmitting antenna & remains close to earth surface ... . The ground wave is the path chosen when frequency in between 30 KHz & 3 MHz 

Description : Explain loop antenna with neat sketch. Draw radiation pattern. State its advantages and applications.

Last Answer : Loop antenna:-The single turn coil carrying RF current through it having length less than the wavelength.   Advantages:- 1. highly directive 2. Small size Applications:- 1. For direction finding 2. In portable receivers 3. In navigation 

Description : Define stub. Explain single and double stub in brief with neat sketch.

Last Answer : Stub:- Stub is the piece of short circuited transmission line which is used to tune out the reactance of the load when connected across the transmission line as close as possible ... but lengths are independently adjustable. The double stub matching provides wide range of impedance matching. 

Description : Describe ionosphere with neat sketch.

Last Answer : The Ionosphere is the upper portion of the atmosphere. The ultra violet radiation from the sun will ionize the upper layer of the atmosphere. Due to ionization these part of the atmosphere becom3es ... electron density of all layers, due to this F2 layer remains present at night time  

Description : Define and explain the term beam width related to antenna with a sketch.

Last Answer : Definition: The beam width of an antenna is described as the angles created by comparing the half power point (3dB) on the main radiation lobe to its maximum power point. As an example the beam width ... max voltage at center of lobe (these point are known as half power points.) Sketch-  

Description : Explain with a neat diagram of ratio detector. Why limiter stage is not used before ratio detector.

Last Answer : With diode D2 reversed , O is positive with respect to b, so that Vab is a sum voltage rather than the difference it was in the discriminator it is now possible to connect a large capacitor ... of limiter stage due to large capacitor C5 .Hence, limiter stage is not used in ratio detector.  

Description : With the help of neat diagram, explain the working of phase discriminator.

Last Answer : Explanation:- This discriminator is also known as the center tuned discriminator or the Foster Seeley discriminator after its inventors. It is possible to obtain the same S- Shape response curve from a circuit in ... fin = fc, fin > fc + Δf and fin<fc- Δf should be given marks

Description : Explain effect of 'm' on AM with neat waveforms.

Last Answer : i)m< 1  If m < 1 or if the percentage of modulation is less than 100% the this type of modulation is known as under modulation The amplitude of modulating signal less than carrier ... greater amplitude part of its information is lost in the process of modulation which is undesirable.

Description : Explain skip zone and skip distance with neat diagram.

Last Answer : Skip distance:-Skip distance is defined as the shortest distance from a transmitter, measured along the surface of earth at which a sky wav of fixed frequency returns back to the earth. Skip zone: skip zone where signal is not detectable

Description : Compare between simplex and full duplex communication on the basis of: 1) Definition 2) Sketch

Last Answer : Compare between simplex and full duplex communication on the basis of: 1) Definition 2) Sketch

Description : State the need of AGC. List the different types of AGC with neat graph.

Last Answer : Need of AGC:- The need or purpose of AGC circuit is to maintain the output voltage level (volume) of radio receiver constant over a wide range of RF input signal level.  AGC also helps to smooth out the rapid ... of AGC:- 1) Simple AGC 2) Delayed AGC Graphical representation of AGC:- 

Description : Draw practical set-up and explain the procedure to measure selectivity of radio receiver.

Last Answer : Procedure to measure selectivity of radio receiver: Throughout the measurement the receiver is kept tuned to desired frequency 950 Khz. Now the generator output frequency is deviated below ... the generator output voltage is adjusted to get a standard 50 miliwatt receiver output power.

Description : State the need of stub. Explain single stub and double stub matching.

Last Answer : Stub:- Stub is the piece of short circuited transmission line which is used to tune out the reactance of the load when connected across the transmission line as close as possible. ... but lengths are independently adjustable. The double stub matching provides wide range of impedance matching.  

Description : Explain the working of amplitude limiter in FM receiver with circuit diagram.

Last Answer : Amplitude limiter: The function of amplitude limiter is to remove all amplitude variation of FM carrier voltage that may occur due to atmospheric disturbances. Use of amplitude limiter makes the system less noisy  Circuit Diagram:

Description : Draw circuit diagram of transistor reactance modulator. Explain its working.

Last Answer : Explanation- A reactance modulator is illustrated in figure. It is basically a standard commonemitter class A amplifier. Resistors R1 and R2 from a voltage divider to bias ... frequency, whereas a lower capacitance increases the frequency. The circuit produces direct frequency modulations.

Description : State and explain the concept of transmission bandwidth.

Last Answer : Bandwidth is defined as the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum occupied by a signal We may also define the bandwidth as the frequency range over which as information signal is transmitted. Bandwidth is the ... to 15 KHZ. Therefore the bandwidth is(f2-f1) BW= f2 - f1= 15000-20=14980Hz

Description : Explain operation of balanced slope detector with „s‟ curve.

Last Answer : Diagram: Explanation:   Curve:  

Description : Draw block diagram of FM receiver and explain the use of limiter circuit.

Last Answer : Diagram Explanation Amplitude limiter: The function of amplitude limiter is to remove all amplitude variation of FM carrier voltage that may occur due to atmospheric disturbances. Use of amplitude limiter makes the system less noisy.

Description : Explain working of envelope detector with suitable diagram and waveform.

Last Answer : Envelope Detector: An Envelope Detector is an electronic circuit that takes a high frequency signal as input and provides an output which is as envelopes of the original signal. The capacitor ... decreases the responsiveness thus, real-world designs must be optimized for the application.

Description : Draw construction of Yagi-Uda antenna and explain.

Last Answer : Explanation A Yagi-Uda antenna, commonly known as a Yagi antenna, is a directional antenna consisting of multiple parallel elements in a line, usually half-wave dipoles made of ... receiver with a transmission line and additional parasitic elements called reflector and one or more directors.

Description : Why should local oscillator frequency be greater than signal frequency in AM receiver? Also explain why IF has constant value?

Last Answer : Reason for LO frequency to be greater than signal frequency The local oscillator frequency (f0) is made greater than signal frequency (Fs) in radio receiver: Local oscillator frequency range is 995 ... frequency of desired signal because the IF is constant and same for all the incoming RF signal.

Description : Draw and explain block diagram of electronic communication system.

Last Answer : Block diagram of electronic communication system. Explanation Transducer: A transducer is usually required to convert the output of a source into an electrical signal that is suitable for ... etc. Output Transducer: The output transducer converts electrical signal in to sound signal.  

Description : Explain how modulation reduces height of antenna and avoid mixing of signals.

Last Answer : Modulation reduces antenna height: For the transmission of radio signals, the antenna height must be multiple of λ/4 ,where λ is the wavelength . λ = c /f where c : is the ... will occupy different slots in the frequency domain (different channels). Thus, modulation avoids mixing of signals.

Description : Why electromagnetic waves are said to be transverse wave ? Explain.

Last Answer : The electromagnetic waves are oscillations which propagate through free space. In electromagnetic waves the direction of electric field, magnetic field & propagation are mutually perpendicular. Hence electromagnetic waves are called as transverse wave.

Description : Explain with block diagram of Armstrong method of FM generation.

Last Answer : Explanation:- The crystal oscillator generates the carrier at low frequency typically at 1 MHz this is applied to the combining network and a 90o phase shifter. The modulating signal is passed through an ... power amplifier to raise the power level of the FM signal.  Phasor Diagram:-   

Description : Draw and explain PLL as an FM demodulator.

Last Answer : Explanation:- FM signal which is to be demodulated is applied to input of PLL.VCO output must be identical to input signal if PLL is to remain locked. As PLL is locked, VCO ... error voltage represents the modulating signal. Thus at the error amplifier output we get demodulated FM output.

Description : Explain reactance modulator for FM generation.

Last Answer : Explanation :- Audio modulating signal is applied to Q1 which varies the base voltage and current of Q1 according to the input information to be transmitted. The collector current ... lower the frequency & decrease capacitance increase the frequency and thus produce direct FM at output.

Description : Explain any four different frequency bands and give their two applications of each.

Last Answer : Explain any four different frequency bands and give their two applications of each.

Description : Define the term baluns and explain where is it used?

Last Answer : A type of electrical transformer used to connect an unbalanced circuit to a balanced oneORA balun is a type of transformer: it's used to convert an unbalanced signal to a balanced ... :- In audio applications, baluns convert between high-impedance unbalanced and low impedance balanced lines.

Description : State and explain concept of bandwidth.

Last Answer : 1. Bandwidth is defined as a range within a band of frequencies or wavelengths. ... For digital devices, the bandwidth is usually expressed in bits per second (bps) or bytes per second. For analog devices, the bandwidth ... or Hertz (Hz) 2.Suppose the frequency range is f1 to f2 , then B.W= f2 - f1

Description : Draw the circuit diagram of practical diode detector and explain its working. 

Last Answer : Circuit diagram of practical diode detector:  Explanation- The circuit operates in the following manner- The diode has been reversed so that now the negative envelope is demodulated. Due to this ... to produce AGC voltage. The DC AGC voltage is proportional to the amplitude of AM signal. 

Description : State and explain the types of noise in communication system.

Last Answer : External Noise:  Atmospheric Noise  Atmospheric noise or static is caused by lighting discharges in thunderstorms and other natural electrical disturbances occurring in the atmosphere. These ... between two or more paths, and results from the random fluctuations in the division.

Description : Explain half dipole antenna ( Resonant antenna ) with its radiation patteren. 

Last Answer : Half wave dipole antenna Explanation:  1. It is a resonant antenna 2. It is exact half wavelength (λ /2) long & open circuited at one end. 3. The dipole antennas have ... pattern is bidirectional.  The radiation pattern of half wave dipole antenna is - The radiation pattern

Description : Explain standing waves with load terminal open circuited and short circuited. 

Last Answer : Standing waves with load terminal open circuited   Standing waves: The forward and reflected waves on the incorrectly terminated transmission line produce an interference pattern known as Standing ... , the load impedance will not be equal to the transmission line (characteristic)impedence.

Description : Explain the following characteristics of AM radio receiver: (i) Sensitivity (ii) Selectivity.

Last Answer : Sensitivity:- The ability to amplify the weak signals is called sensitivity. It is the function of overall receiver gain. Sensitivity of radio receiver is decided by the gain of the RF IF ... perfectly the receiver is able to select the desired carrier frequency and reject other frequencies. 

Description : Draw the circuit diagram of limiter and explain its working.

Last Answer : Circuit diagram of amplitude limiter:- Explanation:- 1. In frequency modulation, the signal amplitude is held constant while the carrier frequency is varied. 2. Any noise that contaminates ... V p-p instead of the alternately driven into saturation and cutoff, it limits the signal amplitude

Description : List the types of FM detector. Explain any one of them.

Last Answer : Types of FM detector:- 1. Simple slope detector 2. Balanced slope detector 3. Phase discriminator(Foster seely discriminator) 4. Ratio detector 5. PLL detector Simple ... . If the IF amplitude is sufficiently limited prior to reaching the PLL and the loop is properly compensated 

Description : Draw the TRF receiver block diagram and explain its working. 

Last Answer : Explanation:- 1. TRF receivers are simple and having high sensitivity. The AM transmission takes place in MW band and SW band. MW frequency range is 540KHz to 1640KHz. 2. ... power level to drive the loudspeaker. 7. The loudspeaker converts electrical signal into original sound information.

Description : Draw the diagram for PAM generation using transistors. Explain its working.

Last Answer : Explanation:-1. Transistor Q1 is used in the active region so it has been provided with DC biasing to its base. 2. Modulating signal is applied to the base of transistor Q1 3. In the emitter of ... . 7. In the time interval between sampling pulses output is zero. Thus we get the output as PAM.

Description : List the types of micro-strip antennas. Explain any one of them.

Last Answer : List the types of micro-strip antennas are as fallows. 1) RECTANGULER 2) CIRCULER. 3) SQUARE . 4) ELIPTICAL. 5) TRINGULAR. Rectangular Micro-strip Antenna: Micro-strip ... mobile phone market. Patch antennas are low cost, have a low profile and are easily fabricated. 

Description : Draw the circuit diagram of varactor diode FM modulator and explain its working.

Last Answer : Varactor diode modulator is the direct method of FM generation wherein the carrier frequency is directly varied by the modulating signal. A varactor diode is a semiconductor diode whose ... the magnitude of frequency change is proportional to the amplitude of the modulating signal voltage.

Description : List and explain the properties of quarter wave transformer.

Last Answer : Properties of quarter wave transformer: 1. Impedance transfomation: it provides impedance transformation upto the highest frequencies and is compatible with transmission line. 2. Impedance inversion: if ZL is ... or step up transformer,depending on whether ZL IS greater than or less than ZO.

Description : Explain the use of baluns for impedance matching.

Last Answer : Balun stands for Balance to unbalance. It can also be used to connect the unbalanced transmission line to a balance load such as antenna. It consist of special type of transformer with an unbalanced primary ... matching. Its input is 300-75ohm. It consist of two quarter wave length.  

Description : Explain the transverse electromagnetic waves in wave propagation.

Last Answer : 1. The electromagnetic waves are oscillations, which propagate through free space. 2. Em wave travel in free space at the speed of light. 3. Figure shows the simple EM wave, in which the direction of ... electromagnetic waves (TEM). Diagram:- Transverse electromagnetic wave(TEM) OR

Description : Explain the demodulation of AM signal using diode detector.

Last Answer : Simple diode detector:- Explanation:- This is essentially just a half wave rectifier which charges a capacitor to a voltage nearly to the peak voltage of the incoming AM waveform s(t). ... detector output is proportional to the signal strength. Stronger Am signal higher is the dc AGC voltage.

Description : Explain pre-emphasis and de-emphasis concept in FM.

Last Answer : Pre-emphasis:- In an FM system the higher frequencies contribute more to the noise than the lower frequencies. Because of this all FM systems adopt a system of pre-emphasis where the higher frequencies are ... at receiver to improve the noise immunity Pre-emphasis/ De-emphasis graph:

Description : State and explain the losses in transmission line.

Last Answer : Losses in Transmission Line:- There are three ways in which energy, applied to a transmission may desperate before reaching the load. They are 1) Radiation Losses:- Its occurs when a ... down voltage of the dielectric insulator. Generally when corona occurs, the transmission line is destroyed.