Explain with a neat diagram of ratio detector. Why limiter stage is not used before ratio detector.

1 Answer

Answer :

image

With diode D2 reversed , O is positive with respect to b, so that Vab is a sum voltage rather than the difference it was in the discriminator it is now possible to connect a large capacitor between a an b to keep this voltage constant . Once C5 is connected Vab is longer the output voltage thus the output voltage is now taken between O and O’

image 

The above equation shows that the ratio dector output voltage is equal to half the difference between the output voltage from the individual diode. It behaves identically to the discriminator for input frequency changes. The ratio detector itself consists of limiter stage due to large capacitor C5 .Hence, limiter stage is not used in ratio detector.  

Related questions

Description : Explain the working of amplitude limiter in FM receiver with circuit diagram.

Last Answer : Amplitude limiter: The function of amplitude limiter is to remove all amplitude variation of FM carrier voltage that may occur due to atmospheric disturbances. Use of amplitude limiter makes the system less noisy  Circuit Diagram:

Description : Draw block diagram of FM receiver and explain the use of limiter circuit.

Last Answer : Diagram Explanation Amplitude limiter: The function of amplitude limiter is to remove all amplitude variation of FM carrier voltage that may occur due to atmospheric disturbances. Use of amplitude limiter makes the system less noisy.

Description : Draw the circuit diagram of limiter and explain its working.

Last Answer : Circuit diagram of amplitude limiter:- Explanation:- 1. In frequency modulation, the signal amplitude is held constant while the carrier frequency is varied. 2. Any noise that contaminates ... V p-p instead of the alternately driven into saturation and cutoff, it limits the signal amplitude

Description : Draw and label the circuit diagram of ratio detector 

Last Answer : Draw and label the circuit diagram of ratio detector  

Description : Explain working of envelope detector with suitable diagram and waveform.

Last Answer : Envelope Detector: An Envelope Detector is an electronic circuit that takes a high frequency signal as input and provides an output which is as envelopes of the original signal. The capacitor ... decreases the responsiveness thus, real-world designs must be optimized for the application.

Description : Draw the circuit diagram of practical diode detector and explain its working. 

Last Answer : Circuit diagram of practical diode detector:  Explanation- The circuit operates in the following manner- The diode has been reversed so that now the negative envelope is demodulated. Due to this ... to produce AGC voltage. The DC AGC voltage is proportional to the amplitude of AM signal. 

Description : With the help of neat diagram, explain the working of phase discriminator.

Last Answer : Explanation:- This discriminator is also known as the center tuned discriminator or the Foster Seeley discriminator after its inventors. It is possible to obtain the same S- Shape response curve from a circuit in ... fin = fc, fin > fc + Δf and fin<fc- Δf should be given marks

Description : Explain skip zone and skip distance with neat diagram.

Last Answer : Skip distance:-Skip distance is defined as the shortest distance from a transmitter, measured along the surface of earth at which a sky wav of fixed frequency returns back to the earth. Skip zone: skip zone where signal is not detectable

Description : Explain operation of balanced slope detector with „s‟ curve.

Last Answer : Diagram: Explanation:   Curve:  

Description : List the types of FM detector. Explain any one of them.

Last Answer : Types of FM detector:- 1. Simple slope detector 2. Balanced slope detector 3. Phase discriminator(Foster seely discriminator) 4. Ratio detector 5. PLL detector Simple ... . If the IF amplitude is sufficiently limited prior to reaching the PLL and the loop is properly compensated 

Description : Explain the demodulation of AM signal using diode detector.

Last Answer : Simple diode detector:- Explanation:- This is essentially just a half wave rectifier which charges a capacitor to a voltage nearly to the peak voltage of the incoming AM waveform s(t). ... detector output is proportional to the signal strength. Stronger Am signal higher is the dc AGC voltage.

Description : What are the different types of FM detector?

Last Answer : The different types of FM Detectors are: 1. Simple Slope Detector 2. Balanced Slope Detector 3. Ratio Detector 4. Phase Discriminator 5. FM Detector using Phase Locked Loop (PLL) 

Description : Explain duct propagation with neat sketch.

Last Answer : Duct propagation is a special type and used for very high microwave frequencies. New phenomenon which occurs in super-refraction, also known as ducting. As the height above earth increases, ... in the standard atmosphere. The Duct propagation is used for very high frequencies in GHz range.

Description : Explain “BALUN” with neat sketch

Last Answer : Diagram- Explaination

Description : Explain virtual height with respect to wave propagation with neat sketch.

Last Answer : In ionization layer the incident wave refracts and bends down gradually than sharply.   The incident and refracted rays follow paths that are exactly the same as they would have been if reflection had taken place from a surface located at a greater height called virtual height of this layer. 

Description : Explain isotropic radiator with neat sketch. 

Last Answer : An isotropic radiator is a point source that radiates equally in all the directions. It is a hypothetical antenna used as a reference to describe real antenna. The radiation is represented by a sphere with center coincides with location of isotropic radiator.

Description : Explain ground wave propogation with neat sketch. 

Last Answer : Sketch-   Explanationi) It consists of direct wave which travels near the ground from Transmitter to Receiver. ii) The electromagnetic wave leaves the transmitting antenna & remains close to earth surface ... . The ground wave is the path chosen when frequency in between 30 KHz & 3 MHz 

Description : Explain loop antenna with neat sketch. Draw radiation pattern. State its advantages and applications.

Last Answer : Loop antenna:-The single turn coil carrying RF current through it having length less than the wavelength.   Advantages:- 1. highly directive 2. Small size Applications:- 1. For direction finding 2. In portable receivers 3. In navigation 

Description : Define stub. Explain single and double stub in brief with neat sketch.

Last Answer : Stub:- Stub is the piece of short circuited transmission line which is used to tune out the reactance of the load when connected across the transmission line as close as possible ... but lengths are independently adjustable. The double stub matching provides wide range of impedance matching. 

Description : Explain effect of 'm' on AM with neat waveforms.

Last Answer : i)m< 1  If m < 1 or if the percentage of modulation is less than 100% the this type of modulation is known as under modulation The amplitude of modulating signal less than carrier ... greater amplitude part of its information is lost in the process of modulation which is undesirable.

Description : Describe ionosphere with neat sketch.

Last Answer : The Ionosphere is the upper portion of the atmosphere. The ultra violet radiation from the sun will ionize the upper layer of the atmosphere. Due to ionization these part of the atmosphere becom3es ... electron density of all layers, due to this F2 layer remains present at night time  

Description : State the need of AGC. List the different types of AGC with neat graph.

Last Answer : Need of AGC:- The need or purpose of AGC circuit is to maintain the output voltage level (volume) of radio receiver constant over a wide range of RF input signal level.  AGC also helps to smooth out the rapid ... of AGC:- 1) Simple AGC 2) Delayed AGC Graphical representation of AGC:- 

Description : Draw circuit diagram of transistor reactance modulator. Explain its working.

Last Answer : Explanation- A reactance modulator is illustrated in figure. It is basically a standard commonemitter class A amplifier. Resistors R1 and R2 from a voltage divider to bias ... frequency, whereas a lower capacitance increases the frequency. The circuit produces direct frequency modulations.

Description : Draw and explain block diagram of electronic communication system.

Last Answer : Block diagram of electronic communication system. Explanation Transducer: A transducer is usually required to convert the output of a source into an electrical signal that is suitable for ... etc. Output Transducer: The output transducer converts electrical signal in to sound signal.  

Description : Explain with block diagram of Armstrong method of FM generation.

Last Answer : Explanation:- The crystal oscillator generates the carrier at low frequency typically at 1 MHz this is applied to the combining network and a 90o phase shifter. The modulating signal is passed through an ... power amplifier to raise the power level of the FM signal.  Phasor Diagram:-   

Description : Draw the TRF receiver block diagram and explain its working. 

Last Answer : Explanation:- 1. TRF receivers are simple and having high sensitivity. The AM transmission takes place in MW band and SW band. MW frequency range is 540KHz to 1640KHz. 2. ... power level to drive the loudspeaker. 7. The loudspeaker converts electrical signal into original sound information.

Description : Draw the diagram for PAM generation using transistors. Explain its working.

Last Answer : Explanation:-1. Transistor Q1 is used in the active region so it has been provided with DC biasing to its base. 2. Modulating signal is applied to the base of transistor Q1 3. In the emitter of ... . 7. In the time interval between sampling pulses output is zero. Thus we get the output as PAM.

Description : Draw the circuit diagram of varactor diode FM modulator and explain its working.

Last Answer : Varactor diode modulator is the direct method of FM generation wherein the carrier frequency is directly varied by the modulating signal. A varactor diode is a semiconductor diode whose ... the magnitude of frequency change is proportional to the amplitude of the modulating signal voltage.

Description : Draw the block diagram of AM transmitter, explain its operation.

Last Answer : AM transmitter is of two types i)High Level AM Transmitter ii)Low Level AM Transmitter i) RF crystal oscillator: It is a source of carrier signal of desired frequency. The circuit is ... AM signal is then applied to the transmitting antenna which radiates this AM signal into air or space. 

Description : Describe the block diagram of FM superhetrodyne receiver

Last Answer : RF amplifier:- There are two important functions of RF amplifier: 1) To increase the strength of weak RF signal. 2) To reject image frequency signal. In FM broadcast the ... FM broadcast, the maximum modulating frequency is 15 kHz. Hence the audio amplifier must have large bandwidth.

Description : Describe the block diagram of basic communication system.

Last Answer : Describe the block diagram of basic communication system.

Description : Describe the term virtual height with the help of diagram showing ionized layer and the path of wave.

Last Answer : Virtual height: -The incident wave returns back to the earth due to refraction. In this process it bends down gradually and not sharply, but the incident and reflected rays follow exactly ... . It is also defined as the maximum height that the hypothetical reflected wave would have reached. 

Description : Draw the circuit diagram of PWM using IC555. State its operation.

Last Answer : Operation: i. The timer IC555 is operated in monostable mode. ii. The negative going carrier pulses are to the differentiator formed by R1 & C1. The differentiator produces sharp negative ... . Thus PWM signal is generated at the output pin (3) of IC555 as monostablemultivibrator. 

Description : Draw block diagram of basic electronic communication system and state the function of each block.

Last Answer : i) Input signal: - The information can be in the form of sound, picture or data coming from computer. ii) Input transducer: - it converts original information into equivalent electrical ... back to suitable form. vii) Output transducer: - It converts electrical signal into original form. 

Description : Draw the block diagram of FM super heterodyne radio receiver with waveforms.

Last Answer : block diagram of FM super heterodyne radio receiver

Description : Draw the block diagram of PWM. List its advantages 

Last Answer : Block diagram of PWM:- Advantages of PWM:- 1. More immune to noise. 2. Synchronization between transmitter and receiver is not required. 3. Possible to separate out signal from noise.

Description : A particular circuit that rids FM of noise A. Detector B. Discriminator C. Phase Shifter D. Limiter

Last Answer : D. Limiter

Description : What condition must exist on both the limiter and quadrature grids for current to flow in a gated-beam detector?

Last Answer : Both grids must be positively biased

Description : For transmission line, the incident voltage Ei = 6V, and Er = 3V. Calculate: (1) Reflection coefficient (2) Standing wave ratio

Last Answer : (1)Reflection coefficient  (2) Standing wave ratio (1)Reflection coefficient Reflection coefficient R=Er/Ei  =3/6  R=0.5 (2) Standing wave ratio SWR=Ei+Er/Ei-Er  =6+3/6-3  SWR =3

Description : Define modulation index in FM. What is maximum value of deviation ratio.

Last Answer : Modulation Index of FM: It is defined as the ratio of Frequency Deviation (δ) to the modulating signal frequency (fm). (OR)  

Description : Define standing wave ratio. 

Last Answer : Standing wave ratio is defined as the ratio of maximum voltage (Vmax) to minimum voltage (Vmin). Standing wave ratio is also defined as the ratio of maximum current (Imax) to minimum current (Imin).

Description : Draw practical set-up and explain the procedure to measure selectivity of radio receiver.

Last Answer : Procedure to measure selectivity of radio receiver: Throughout the measurement the receiver is kept tuned to desired frequency 950 Khz. Now the generator output frequency is deviated below ... the generator output voltage is adjusted to get a standard 50 miliwatt receiver output power.

Description : State the need of stub. Explain single stub and double stub matching.

Last Answer : Stub:- Stub is the piece of short circuited transmission line which is used to tune out the reactance of the load when connected across the transmission line as close as possible. ... but lengths are independently adjustable. The double stub matching provides wide range of impedance matching.  

Description : Define and explain the term beam width related to antenna with a sketch.

Last Answer : Definition: The beam width of an antenna is described as the angles created by comparing the half power point (3dB) on the main radiation lobe to its maximum power point. As an example the beam width ... max voltage at center of lobe (these point are known as half power points.) Sketch-  

Description : State and explain the concept of transmission bandwidth.

Last Answer : Bandwidth is defined as the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum occupied by a signal We may also define the bandwidth as the frequency range over which as information signal is transmitted. Bandwidth is the ... to 15 KHZ. Therefore the bandwidth is(f2-f1) BW= f2 - f1= 15000-20=14980Hz

Description : Draw construction of Yagi-Uda antenna and explain.

Last Answer : Explanation A Yagi-Uda antenna, commonly known as a Yagi antenna, is a directional antenna consisting of multiple parallel elements in a line, usually half-wave dipoles made of ... receiver with a transmission line and additional parasitic elements called reflector and one or more directors.

Description : Why should local oscillator frequency be greater than signal frequency in AM receiver? Also explain why IF has constant value?

Last Answer : Reason for LO frequency to be greater than signal frequency The local oscillator frequency (f0) is made greater than signal frequency (Fs) in radio receiver: Local oscillator frequency range is 995 ... frequency of desired signal because the IF is constant and same for all the incoming RF signal.

Description : Explain how modulation reduces height of antenna and avoid mixing of signals.

Last Answer : Modulation reduces antenna height: For the transmission of radio signals, the antenna height must be multiple of λ/4 ,where λ is the wavelength . λ = c /f where c : is the ... will occupy different slots in the frequency domain (different channels). Thus, modulation avoids mixing of signals.

Description : Why electromagnetic waves are said to be transverse wave ? Explain.

Last Answer : The electromagnetic waves are oscillations which propagate through free space. In electromagnetic waves the direction of electric field, magnetic field & propagation are mutually perpendicular. Hence electromagnetic waves are called as transverse wave.

Description : Draw and explain PLL as an FM demodulator.

Last Answer : Explanation:- FM signal which is to be demodulated is applied to input of PLL.VCO output must be identical to input signal if PLL is to remain locked. As PLL is locked, VCO ... error voltage represents the modulating signal. Thus at the error amplifier output we get demodulated FM output.