State the working principle of capacitive sensor with neat diagram.

State the working principle of capacitive sensor with neat diagram.
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Explanation:-- Capacitance is an electrical property which is created by applying an electrical charge to two conductive objects with a gap between them. A simple demonstration is two parallel conductive plates of the same profile with a gap between them and a charge applied to them. In this situation, the Capacitance can be expressed by the equation:

C= ε0 KA/d Where C is the capacitance, ε0 is the permittivity of free space constant, K is the dielectric constant of the material in the gap, A is the area of the plates, and d is the distance between the plates. There are two general types of capacitive displacement sensing systems. One type is used to measure thicknesses of conductive materials. The other type measures thicknesses of nonconductive materials or the level of a fluid. 

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