Define focus, epicenter, seismograph and isoseismic line with sketch.

Define focus, epicenter, seismograph and isoseismic line with sketch.
by

3 Answers

Answer :

1. Focus: The place or point of origin of an earth quake below ground surface is termed as focus or hypocenter of earthquake.

2. Epicenter: The place or point on ground surface, where seismic waves reaches firstly causing major damage is known as epicenter.

3. Seismograph: The energy released during faulting, produces seismic waves, which can be detected by sensitive and delicate instruments, called seismograph.

4. Isoseismic line: The imaginary line joining the points of equal intensities of earthquake on ground is known as isoseismic lines.

image

by

Answer :

Focus- The place or point of origin of an earth quake below ground surface is termed as focus or hypocenter of earthquake. 

Epicentre –The place or point on ground surface , where seismic waves reaches firstly causing major damage is known as epicenter.
by

Answer :

i) Focus: The focus is the place beneath the Earth’s surface from where an earthquake originates.

ii) Epicenter: The point or line on the Earth’s surface immediately above the focus is called Epicenter

iii) Seismograph: The energy released during faulting, produces seismic waves, which can be detected by sensitive and delicate instruments, called seismograph.

iv) Isoseismic lines: It is the line joining the places with equqal seismic intensity i.e. lines joining points where similar ground motion were experienced they are assessed by examining the damage done.
by

Related questions

Define i. Seismology ii. Focus iii. Epicenter iv. Intensity

Description : Define i. Seismology ii. Focus iii. Epicenter iv. Intensity

Last Answer : i. Seismology: A branch of geophysical science dealing with to study the causes and effects of the earthquakes and to make predictions of their occurrence in the future. ii. Focus: It is a ... of the actual shaking at the location during an earthquake and is assigned as Roman capital letters.

Which one of the following is not associated with earthquakes? (A) Focus (B) Epicenter (C) Seismograph (D) Swells

Description : Which one of the following is not associated with earthquakes? (A) Focus (B) Epicenter (C) Seismograph (D) Swells

Last Answer : (D) Swells

What is seismograph?

Description : What is seismograph?

Last Answer : Seismograph: The energy released during faulting, produces seismic waves, which can be detected by sensitive and delicate instruments, called seismograph.

Define folds and draw neat sketch of a fold and label its different parts.

Description : Define folds and draw neat sketch of a fold and label its different parts. 

Last Answer : Fold: Folds may be defined as undulations or bends that are developed in the rock of the Earth’s crust, as a result of stresses (commonly lateral compression) To which these rocks have been subjected to, from time to time in the past history of the Earth.

Explain with neat sketch Phreatic line in earthen dam with pressure head at different point and show construction points of this line.

Description : Explain with neat sketch Phreatic line in earthen dam with pressure head at different point and show construction points of this line. 

Last Answer : Procedure for locating the Phreatic line i) Draw an earthen dam having upstream face AB with water surface. ii) On water surface measure distance BC = 0.3 L C is starting pt of base parabola. Let F' ... parabola i.e. Phreatic line. viii) Here G,Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4 and B represent Phreatic line 

Explain phreatic line in earthen dam with a sketch.

Description : Explain phreatic line in earthen dam with a sketch.

Last Answer : Phreatic line in earthen dam1.The line in earthen dam section below which there is positive hydrostatic pressure exists. Phreatic line separates the dry and wet part of earthen dam body as it acts as boundry ... toe material. Hence, a rock toe is necessary to avoid removal of toe portion of dam. 

Explain with sketch concept of zero air voids line.

Description : Explain with sketch concept of zero air voids line.

Last Answer : Zero Air Void Line: If the soil is assumed to be 100% saturated and different dry densities are calculated for 100% saturation, then the resulting line on the compaction curve is called the ... respect to water content cannot reach its theoretical value even after applying heavy compaction.

State the types of earthquakes based on focus and Richter scale.

Description : State the types of earthquakes based on focus and Richter scale. 

Last Answer : Earthquakes based on focus distributed in three general depth ranges: i) Shallow earthquakes originate within about 60 kilometers of the surfaces ii) Intermediate earthquakes have foci between 60 to 300 ... causes several damages iii) Magnitude 2 represents the smallest tremor that can be felt. 

Classify earthquakes based on focus and origin.

Description : Classify earthquakes based on focus and origin. 

Last Answer : Earthquakes based on focus distributed in three general depth ranges: i) Shallow earthquakes originate within about 60 kilometers of the surfaces ii) Intermediate earthquakes have foci between 60 to 300 ... vi) Sport games vii) Injection and Extraction of fluids viii) Removal of natural gases

Classification of earthquake based on origin and focus.

Description : Classification of earthquake based on origin and focus.

Last Answer : Types of earthquake based on focus - 1. Shallow earthquake- Focus depth less than 60 km is taken as shallow earthquake 2. Intermediate earthquake - Origin of earthquake is at a depth in ... explosives vi) Sport games vii) Injection and Extraction of fluids viii) Removal of natural gases 

Explain with neat sketch stepwise procedure to determine bulk density by sand replacement method.

Description : Explain with neat sketch stepwise procedure to determine bulk density by sand replacement method.

Last Answer : i) A flat area, approximately 450sq.mm of the soil to be tested should be exposed and trimmed down to a level surface, preferably with the aid of the scraper tool. ii) The metal tray with a ... gram. These measurements should be repeated at least thrice and the mean weight (W3) taken.    

Describe Direct Shear Test with Neat Sketch.

Description : Describe Direct Shear Test with Neat Sketch.

Last Answer : 1. Take 250gm of dry sand in a shear box of 60mm x 60mm x 50mm and fix the upper part and lower part of box by locking screw and attach the base plate to lower part. 2. Place the grid ... normal stress on X axis. 12. The angle gives the shearing resistance and the intercept gives cohesion.

Explain crust, mantle and core with a neat sketch.

Description : Explain crust, mantle and core with a neat sketch.

Last Answer : The planet earth is composed of 3 parts namely :-  a) Atmosphere  b) Lithosphere  c) Hydrosphere  The Lithosphere is solid and stony portion of the earth. The body of earth is subdivided into three ... is hot and solid. The average density is about 12 g/cc. It consist iron & nickel. 

Draw particle size distribution curve. Explain mechanical sieve analysis for grading of soil with a sketch.

Description : Draw particle size distribution curve. Explain mechanical sieve analysis for grading of soil with a sketch.

Last Answer : Mechanical sieve analysis -The process of analyzing the particle size present in soil by using mechanical means, is known as mechanical sieve Analysis. By performing mechanical sieve analysis, a particle size ... c) Fine grained soil d) Coarse grained soil e) Uniformly graded soil

Explain with sketch mechanical sieve analysis.

Description : Explain with sketch mechanical sieve analysis.

Last Answer : Mechanical sieve analysis - The process of analyzing the particle size present in soil by using mechanical means, is known as mechanical sieve Analysis. By performing mechanical sieve analysis, a particle size ... c) Fine grained soil d) Coarse grained soil e) Uniformly graded soil

Explain with sketch Mohr-Coulomb failure theory.

Description : Explain with sketch Mohr-Coulomb failure theory.

Last Answer : Mohr presented a theory for rupture in materials. The failure along a plane in a material occurs by a critical combination of normal and shear stresses, and not by normal or shear stress alone. The ... to the Mohr circles can be drawn, and is called the Mohr-Coulomb failure envelope. 

Explain with sketch flow net

Description : Explain with sketch flow net

Last Answer : Flow Net: The grid, mesh or net formed by intersection of equipotential line and flow lines is called as flow net. In a flow net, flow lines and equipotential lines intersect each other at right ... . The flow net is representative of the flow pattern and dissipation of the hydraulic head.

Explain with sketch specific gravity determination by pcynometer.

Description : Explain with sketch specific gravity determination by pcynometer.

Last Answer : Determination of specific gravity by pycnometer test: Precedure :- 1. Dry the pycnometer and weigh it with its cap (W1) 2. Take about 200 g to 300 g of oven dried soil passing through 4. ... with cap screw on. 8. Weigh the pycnometer after drying it on the outside thoroughly (W4).

Explain with sketch plate load test.

Description : Explain with sketch plate load test.

Last Answer : Procedure i) Excavate a pit of depth equal to 5 times to that of breath of proposed footing. ii) Keep the suitable bearing plate of specified size (30, 45, 60, 75cm square in plan) ... Finally plot a graph of load vs. settlement to find out load before failure as bearing capacity of soil. 

Explain Atterberg’s limits of consistency with neat sketch.

Description : Explain Atterberg’s limits of consistency with neat sketch.

Last Answer : Atterberg's Limit of consistency: Liquid limit (WL): It is minimum water content at which two separated grooved soil parts mixed together under 25 blows of casagrande's liquid limit apparatus; is ... volume of soil due to further decrease in water content is termed as shrinkage limit.

Explain modified proctor test with sketch.

Description : Explain modified proctor test with sketch.

Last Answer : Procedure: i. Take about 5 Kg. of de-aired soil passing through sieve 20 mm in tray. ii. Add about 4% water (approximately 120 ml.) to the soil and mix thoroughly with trowel and cover it ... degree of saturation corresponding to the maximum dry density as OMC and MDD of given soil sample. 

Explain with neat sketch particle size distribution curve.

Description : Explain with neat sketch particle size distribution curve.

Last Answer : Particle size distribution curve (PSDC) is the semi log graph drawn as sieve size versus % finer of given soil sample. The PSDC is useful for grading of soil i.e. classification of ... : When graph is of wavy nature indicating particles of only specific size and deficiency of other sizes. 

Explain the plate load test with sketch of reaction truss method.

Description : Explain the plate load test with sketch of reaction truss method.

Last Answer : i) Plate load test is field test to determine the ultimate bearing capacity of soil and probable settlement under given loading. ii)The test essentially consist in loading a rigid plate, called bearing ... and load intensity and ultimate bearing capacity (qu) of soil is found out. 

Write the laboratory procedure to determine liquid limit by Casagrande’s method with neat sketch.

Description : Write the laboratory procedure to determine liquid limit by Casagrande’s method with neat sketch.

Last Answer : Procedure of liquid limit 1. Take about 120 gm of air dried soil sample passing through 425 micron IS Sieve in metal tray. 2. Add 20% distilled water to form uniform soil paste. 3. Put this soil paste in the ... graph as liquid limit (wL) of given soil sample.  (ii) Grooving Toos  

Explain California bearing Ratio Test with neat sketch to determine % CBR of given soil sample.

Description : Explain California bearing Ratio Test with neat sketch to determine % CBR of given soil sample.

Last Answer : Procedure of California Bearing Ratio Test: 1. Take a given soil; sample and add water equal to OMC of soil to prepare wet mix soil. 2. Take the CBR mould of 150 mm diameter and 175 mm height. Keep it ... Bearing Ratio of given soil as  % CBR = (Test load / Standard load ) X 100.

Explain plate load test with neat sketch to determine bearing capacity of soil.

Description : Explain plate load test with neat sketch to determine bearing capacity of soil.

Last Answer : Procedure of plate load test: 1. Excavate a pit of depth equal to 5 times to that of breath of proposed footing. 2. Keep the suitable bearing plate of specified size (30, 45, 60, 75cm square in plan) ... as shown in figure below to find out load before failure as bearing capacity of soil.

Explain standard proctor test on soil to determine OMC and MDD of soil with sketch.

Description : Explain standard proctor test on soil to determine OMC and MDD of soil with sketch.

Last Answer : Procedure of Standard Proctor Test: 1. Take about 5 Kg. of de-aired soil passing through sieve 20 mm in tray. Add about 4% water (approximately 120 ml) to the soil and mix thoroughly with ... corresponding to the standard proctor compaction by plotting graph water content v/s. dry density.    

State any four characteristics of flow net with sketch.

Description : State any four characteristics of flow net with sketch.

Last Answer : Characteristics of flow net: 1. The flow lines and equipotential lines in the flow net intersects each other orthogonally 2. The area or field formed due to intersection of these lines is approximately ... of flow. 5. The potential drop between two adjacent equipotential lines is same.

Define permeability and Phreatic Line

Description : Define permeability and Phreatic Line

Last Answer : Permeability  “It is defined as the properly of soli which permits the seepage of fluid through interconnecting voids under gravity  Phreatic Line: The topmost seepage line in an earthen dam at which hydrostatic pressure is zero, is called as Phreatic line.

Define Soil Stabilization. State any three points of necessary of soil stabilization.

Description : Define Soil Stabilization. State any three points of necessary of soil stabilization.

Last Answer : Define: - Soil Stabilization is defined as improving the engineering performance of soil by artificial means. Necessity of Soil Stabilization : - 1. To increase the shear strength of soil. 2. To reduce ... of structures. 6. To increase the density of soil. 7. To reduce permeability of soil.

Define outcrop and fold of rock.

Description : Define outcrop and fold of rock. 

Last Answer : i) Out crop: The dip and strike of beds can be easily measured in the field from their exposures called outcrops  ii) Fold: Folds may be defined as undulations or bends that are developed in the rock ... To which these rock have been subjected to, from time to time in the past history of the Earth.

Define: 1) Degree of saturation and 2) Air content.

Description : Define: 1) Degree of saturation and 2) Air content.

Last Answer : i) Degree of saturation: The degree saturation is a ratio of the volume of water in the voids to the volume of voids. It is expressed as per cent ii) Air When soil mass is completely dry the ... = Vv Air content is defined as ratio of volume of air to volume of voids, i.e ac =Va/Vv

Define outcrop and strike

Description : Define outcrop and strike

Last Answer : i) Out crop: The dip and strike of beds can be easily measured in the field from their exposures called outcrops ii) Strike: The horizontal distance perpendicular to the fault plane is called as strike.

Define compaction and state purpose of compaction.

Description : Define compaction and state purpose of compaction.

Last Answer : Define Compaction : Instant compression of soil under dynamic load is called compaction Purpose of compaction : 1. To increase density and thereby shear strength and bearing capacity of soil, this is ... of earth dam. 5.To increase resistance towards erossion of soil by rain and other causes.

Define ultimate bearing capacity and safe bearing capacity.

Description : Define ultimate bearing capacity and safe bearing capacity.

Last Answer : Ultimate bearing capacity (qu): It is the gross pressure at the base of the foundation at which the soil fails in shear is called as ultimate bearing capacity. Safe bearing capacity (qs) : It ... capacity is also referred to as the ultimate bearing capacity qu divided by factor of safety F.

Define shear strength of soil and state field situations of shear failure.

Description : Define shear strength of soil and state field situations of shear failure. 

Last Answer : Shear Strength of Soil: Shear strength is a term used in soil mechanics to describe the magnitude of the shear stress that a soil can sustain. . Field situations where shear failure occurs 1) ... wall, especially surcharge 3)Under foundation along planes of maximum shear 4) Sub grades of road.

Define Flow Net and state its characteristic

Description : Define Flow Net and state its characteristic

Last Answer : Flow Net: - The grid, mesh or net formed by intersection of equipotential line and flow a line is called as flow net. Characteristic of Flow Net: - i) In a flow net, flow lines ... approximately squares. v) The flow net is representative of the flow pattern and dissipation of the hydraulic head.

Define void ratio; porosity; water content and degree of saturation.

Description : Define void ratio; porosity; water content and degree of saturation.

Last Answer : i) Voids Ratio: Voids ratio e of a given soil sample is the ratio of the volume of voids to the volume of soil solids in the given soil mass. e=Vv/Vs ii) Porosity: The ratio of volume of voids ( ... ratio of the volume of water in the voids to the volume of voids. It is expressed as per cent

Define minerals and state any six properties of minerals.

Description : Define minerals and state any six properties of minerals.

Last Answer : Minerals have distinguishing physical properties that in most cases can be use to determine the identity of the mineral. Among the various properties crystal, habit, cleavage, hardness, density, luster, ... of water) Colour: color is sometimes an extremely diagnostic property of mineral

Define earthquake and intensity.

Description : Define earthquake and intensity.

Last Answer : i. Earthquake: It is define as vibrations induced in the earth's crust due to internal or external causes that virtually shake up a part of the crust and all the structures and living and ... of the actual shaking at the location during an earthquake and is assigned as Roman Capital Numerical.

Define joints and state their classification.

Description : Define joints and state their classification.

Last Answer : Joints: joint are defined as a fracture in rock where there has been no lateral movement in the plane of the fracture (up, down or sideway) of one side relative to the other. Classification of joints ... , iii) Oblique joints. c) Origin i) Tension joints, ii) Shear joints, iii) Compression joints

Define outcrop and faults.

Description : Define outcrop and faults.

Last Answer : i) Out crop: The dip and strike of beds can be easily measured in the field from their exposures called outcrops.  ii) Fault: The fractures along which there has been relative movement ... process of development of fractures and displacement of the blocks against each other is termed as faulting.

Define geology and state its branches.

Description : Define geology and state its branches.

Last Answer : Geology: Geology is the science of study of the solid matter that constitutes the Earth. Encompassing such things as rocks, soil, gemstones, geology studies, the composition, structure, physical properties ... geology ix. Applied geology x. Hydrology xi. Indian geology xii. photo-geology

Define permeability and coefficient of permeability

Description : Define permeability and coefficient of permeability 

Last Answer : Definition i) Permeability (k) It is defined as the properly of soli which permits the seepage of fluid through interconnecting voids under gravity OR Permeability (k) It is defined as the speed at which ... is represented as K = v/i  Where v = discharge velocity in m/s i = hydraulic gradient

Define plasticity index and classify soil on its basis.

Description : Define plasticity index and classify soil on its basis.

Last Answer : a) Plasticity index (Ip) It is give measure of degree of plasticity of soil. It is difference be liquid limit and plastic limit Ip = WL - Wp Greater plasticity index, the greater is degree of plasticity of the soil. ... based on Ip i) Non plastic soil  If wp = o        Ip = wL ii) Plastic soil

Define fault and state its classification

Description : Define fault and state its classification

Last Answer : Fault: The fractures along which there has been relative movement of the blocks past each other. The entire process of development of fractures and displacement of the blocks against each other is termed as ... by a movement of the disrupted blocks along a medical poit called the hinge point.  

Define petrology and rock

Description : Define petrology and rock

Last Answer : a. Petrology: Formation of various types of rocks, their mode of occurrence, composition, texture and structures, geological and geographical distribution on the earth are all studied uner petrology. It ... of one mineral i.e. monomineralic or it may consist of different minerals i.e. polymineralic

State the types of consistency limit and define any one

Description : State the types of consistency limit and define any one

Last Answer : Types of consistency limit 1.Liquid limit 2.Plastic limit 3.Shrinkage limit Liquid limit- It is minimum water content at which two separated grooved soil parts mixed together under 25 blows of ... in volume of soil due to further decrease in water content : is termed as shrinkage limit.

Define outcrop, Dip , Strike and fold of Rocks.

Description : Define outcrop, Dip , Strike and fold of Rocks.

Last Answer : 1.Outcrop -The exposure of solid rock on the earth surface is known as outcrop.  2.Dip - It is the inclination of bedding plane of rock with horizontal is called as Dip.  3.Strike - ... the bends or curvatures in rock formed due to action of compressive forces on horizontal layers called as fold.

Define term porosity.

Description : Define term porosity. 

Last Answer : Porosity- It is the ratio of volume of voids to the total volume of soil , measured in percentage is called as porosity.