i) Mechanical stabilization – It is the process of improving properties of soil by changing its gradation. It depends on mechanical strength of aggregate, mineral composition etc
Eg – Compaction at near OMC either static or dynamic.
ii) Cement Stabilization – It is done by mixing soil and cement together to form a stranger material, which becomes hard & durable & develops strength.
Eg – Clay and lime is used for soil containing harmful organic matter.
iii) Bituminous stabilization – It is done using asphalt as binder due to its chemical properties such as viscosity. Any inorganic soil can be mixed with asphalt
Eg – For cohesionless soils, asphalt acts as binding material
iv) Chemical Stabilization – Different chemicals such as chlorides and silicates area added to soil, it is used where setting and curing time needs to be controlled. It is expensive compared to other method
Eg – Chlorides in soil increase electrical attraction and form flocculated structure to improve permeability of soil
v) Thermal Stabilization :- it is done by either heating or cooling soil. It is used to drive off pore water or freeze it to improve strength of clayey soils.
vi.)Electrical Stabilization :- Electro – osmosis method is used to drain out water from cohesive soils to increase it’s strength by exchange of anions and cations in soil & water
vii) Grouting : Grouting is injecting stabilizer into soil under certain pressure. It is costlier method and works for undisturbed soils.
Eg – An area close to existing building can be stabilized using this method.
viii) Geotextiles : Geotextiles are used as reinforcing material in soil they help to drain water, increase strength, decrease mixing of soil, filters the water etc.