Write step by step procedure to determine coefficient of permeability of fine grained soil by falling head method in laboratory.

Write step by step procedure to determine coefficient of permeability of fine grained soil by falling head method in laboratory.
by

1 Answer

Answer :

This method is suitable for fine grained soil as quantity of water collected through soil mass is very less and cannot be measured accurately

2. The falling head test is used for relatively less permeable soil where the discharge is small.

3. A stand pipe of know cross sectional area “a” is fitted over permeameter and water is allowed to run down.

4. The water level in the stand pipe constantly falls as water flows.

5. Observations are started after steady state of flow has reached.

6. The head at any time instant “t” is equal to the difference of water level in the stand pipe and the bottom tank. 

image

by

Related questions

Write step by step procedure to determine specific gravity of soil by pycnometer in laboratory.

Description : Write step by step procedure to determine specific gravity of soil by pycnometer in laboratory.

Last Answer : 1. Clean the pycnometer and dry it, find the mass of pycnometer, brass cap and washer accurate to 1g. say M1 2. Put about 200gm to 400gm of wet soil sample in pycnometer and find its mass with its cap ... it top of cap and find its weight say M4. 5. The specific gravity is calculated by 

Write the laboratory procedure to determine liquid limit by Casagrande’s method with neat sketch.

Description : Write the laboratory procedure to determine liquid limit by Casagrande’s method with neat sketch.

Last Answer : Procedure of liquid limit 1. Take about 120 gm of air dried soil sample passing through 425 micron IS Sieve in metal tray. 2. Add 20% distilled water to form uniform soil paste. 3. Put this soil paste in the ... graph as liquid limit (wL) of given soil sample.  (ii) Grooving Toos  

What do mean by coarse grain soil and fine grained soil.

Description : What do mean by coarse grain soil and fine grained soil.

Last Answer : Coarse Grain Soil:- 1. If more than 50% of soil is retained on sieve 0.075mm it is called as coarse grain soil. 2. A coarse grain soil is called as gravel if 50% or more of the ... liquid limit is less than 50% or more than 50% respectively. Organic soil are also included in fine grain soil.

Explain laboratory procedure for mechanical sieve analysis of soil.

Description : Explain laboratory procedure for mechanical sieve analysis of soil.

Last Answer : Laboratory Procedure for mechanical sieve Analysis Mechanical in laboratory 1) Dry sieve Analysis 2) Wet sieve analysis Apparatus required for test - i) Weighing balance accurate to 1g and 0.1g ... through the set of sieves. The material retained on each sieve is weighed and analysed

Which of the following methods is best suited for determination of permeability of coarse-grained soils? (A) Constant head method (B) Falling head method (C) Both the above (D) None of the above

Description : Which of the following methods is best suited for determination of permeability of coarse-grained soils? (A) Constant head method (B) Falling head method (C) Both the above (D) None of the above

Last Answer : Answer: Option A

Define permeability and coefficient of permeability

Description : Define permeability and coefficient of permeability 

Last Answer : Definition i) Permeability (k) It is defined as the properly of soli which permits the seepage of fluid through interconnecting voids under gravity OR Permeability (k) It is defined as the speed at which ... is represented as K = v/i  Where v = discharge velocity in m/s i = hydraulic gradient

State the Darcy’s law of permeability with expression. Hence define coefficient of permeability.

Description : State the Darcy’s law of permeability with expression. Hence define coefficient of permeability.

Last Answer : Darcy's law of permeability: It states that for laminar flow, the rate of flow or discharge per unit time is directly proportional to hydraulic gradient. Expression: q = KiA  / = Ki  V = Ki ... velocity of flow under a unit hydraulic gradient through a soil. Mathematically: K = V/i

Explain with neat sketch stepwise procedure to determine bulk density by sand replacement method.

Description : Explain with neat sketch stepwise procedure to determine bulk density by sand replacement method.

Last Answer : i) A flat area, approximately 450sq.mm of the soil to be tested should be exposed and trimmed down to a level surface, preferably with the aid of the scraper tool. ii) The metal tray with a ... gram. These measurements should be repeated at least thrice and the mean weight (W3) taken.    

State the step by step procedure for determination of OMC and MDD using standard proctor test and explain compaction curve.

Description : State the step by step procedure for determination of OMC and MDD using standard proctor test and explain compaction curve. 

Last Answer : Procedure: 1. Take about 5 Kg. of de-aired soil passing through sieve 20mm in tray. 2. Add about 4% water (approximately 120ml) to the soil and mixed thoroughly with trowel and cover it ... decreases. Since there is formation of double layer of water around soil particles in the same volume.  

Define specific gravity of soil. Explain the stepwise procedure of determination of specific gravity of soil by pycnometer.

Description : Define specific gravity of soil. Explain the stepwise procedure of determination of specific gravity of soil by pycnometer. 

Last Answer : Specific Gravity: It is ratio of unit weight in air of a given volume of soil solids at a specific temperature to unit weight in air of an equal volume of distilled water at same temperature. ... Repeat all above steps two more times to calculate average specific gravity of given soil sample.

State the procedure for the determination of water content by oven-drying method.

Description : State the procedure for the determination of water content by oven-drying method.

Last Answer : i) This is commonly adopted and simplest method for determination of water content of a soil sample in the laboratory. ii) The method basically consists of drying a weighed moist sample of soil in an oven ... The above table gives the minimum quantity of soil sample to be taken for test.  

State Darcy’s Law of permeability.

Description : State Darcy’s Law of permeability.

Last Answer : It states that for laminar flow, the rate of flow or discharge per unit time is directly proportional to hydraulic gradient. q= KiA or V= / = Ki Where q= discharge per unit time. , A= total cross- ... , v= velocity of flow, h= differential head of water = h1-h2, L= length of soil sample. 

State the factors affecting permeability.

Description : State the factors affecting permeability.

Last Answer : Followings are the factors which affect permeability: 1. Particle Size or diameter of soil particle 2. Impurities in water 3. Void ratio 4. Degree of Saturation 5. Adsorbed water 6. ... layer 8. Properties of pore fluid i.e. viscosity and temperature 9. Shape of particle

Define permeability and Phreatic Line

Description : Define permeability and Phreatic Line

Last Answer : Permeability  “It is defined as the properly of soli which permits the seepage of fluid through interconnecting voids under gravity  Phreatic Line: The topmost seepage line in an earthen dam at which hydrostatic pressure is zero, is called as Phreatic line.

Explain California bearing Ratio Test with neat sketch to determine % CBR of given soil sample.

Description : Explain California bearing Ratio Test with neat sketch to determine % CBR of given soil sample.

Last Answer : Procedure of California Bearing Ratio Test: 1. Take a given soil; sample and add water equal to OMC of soil to prepare wet mix soil. 2. Take the CBR mould of 150 mm diameter and 175 mm height. Keep it ... Bearing Ratio of given soil as  % CBR = (Test load / Standard load ) X 100.

Explain plate load test with neat sketch to determine bearing capacity of soil.

Description : Explain plate load test with neat sketch to determine bearing capacity of soil.

Last Answer : Procedure of plate load test: 1. Excavate a pit of depth equal to 5 times to that of breath of proposed footing. 2. Keep the suitable bearing plate of specified size (30, 45, 60, 75cm square in plan) ... as shown in figure below to find out load before failure as bearing capacity of soil.

Explain standard proctor test on soil to determine OMC and MDD of soil with sketch.

Description : Explain standard proctor test on soil to determine OMC and MDD of soil with sketch.

Last Answer : Procedure of Standard Proctor Test: 1. Take about 5 Kg. of de-aired soil passing through sieve 20 mm in tray. Add about 4% water (approximately 120 ml) to the soil and mix thoroughly with ... corresponding to the standard proctor compaction by plotting graph water content v/s. dry density.    

Explain the direct shear test to determine shear strength of soil.

Description : Explain the direct shear test to determine shear strength of soil.

Last Answer : Procedure for Direct Shear Test: 1. Take 2.5 Kg air dried soil sample passing through 4.75 mm and retained on 2.36mm IS sieve. 2. Measure the internal dimensions of the shear box. Fix ... value Normal Stress as abscissa and the maximum shearing stress as ordinate to find shear strength of soil.

Which of the following methods is more suitable for the determination of permeability of clayey soil? (A) Constant head method (B) Falling head method (C) Horizontal permeability test (D) None of the above

Description : Which of the following methods is more suitable for the determination of permeability of clayey soil? (A) Constant head method (B) Falling head method (C) Horizontal permeability test (D) None of the above

Last Answer : Answer: Option B

Define coefficient of uniformity and coefficient of curvature. Calculate Cu and Cc if D10 = 0.90 mm, D30 = 1.18 mm, D60 = 2.30 mm.

Description : Define coefficient of uniformity and coefficient of curvature. Calculate Cu and Cc if D10 = 0.90 mm, D30 = 1.18 mm, D60 = 2.30 mm.

Last Answer : Coefficient of uniformity: It is the ratio of D60 to D10 values of soil from particle size distribution curve, called as coefficient of uniformity. Coefficient of curvature: It is the ratio of square of D30 to product of D10 and D60 values of coefficient of curvature.

Pick up the correct statement from the following: (A) The permeability of the coarse-grained soils may be reduced by grouting (B) The process of injecting fluids (i.e. grouts) into the pores space of the soil is called grouting (C) The grouting increases the soil strength (D) All the above

Description : Pick up the correct statement from the following: (A) The permeability of the coarse-grained soils may be reduced by grouting (B) The process of injecting fluids (i.e. grouts) into the pores space of the soil is called grouting (C) The grouting increases the soil strength (D) All the above

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

Write any four uses of Soil Stabilization.

Description : Write any four uses of Soil Stabilization. 

Last Answer : Uses of Soil Stabilization is as follows, 1. To increase the shear strength of soil. 2. To reduce construction cost by use of locally available material. 3. To improve stability of slopes. 4. ... settlement of structures. 6. To increase the density of soil. 7. To reduce permeability of soil. 

Write any two uses of soil as construction material

Description : Write any two uses of soil as construction material 

Last Answer : Uses of soil as construction material: 1. Clay the most widespread masonry material. 2. Pervious & impervious soil is used in earth dams. 3. Water bound macadam roads or WBM roads. 4. Canals & Embankments. 5. River protection works. 6. Soil cement mixture used as subgrade. 

The quantity of seepage of water through soils is proportional to (A) Coefficient of permeability of soil (B) Total head loss through the soil (C) Neither (a) nor (b) (D) Both (a) and (b)

Description : The quantity of seepage of water through soils is proportional to (A) Coefficient of permeability of soil (B) Total head loss through the soil (C) Neither (a) nor (b) (D) Both (a) and (b)

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

A sample of soil 10 cm height and 50 cm2 in c/s area water flows through the soil under a constant head of 80 cm. Water collected in 9 minutes is 450 C.C. Find the coefficient of permeability.

Description : A sample of soil 10 cm height and 50 cm2 in c/s area water flows through the soil under a constant head of 80 cm. Water collected in 9 minutes is 450 C.C. Find the coefficient of permeability. 

Last Answer : Solution: 

Determine the practical applications of various types of compaction equipments.

Description : Determine the practical applications of various types of compaction equipments.

Last Answer : Practical applications of compaction equipments: 1. Compaction by rolling: a) Smooth Wheel Rollers: These rollers best suitable for subgrade or base coarse compaction of cohesion less soils. b) Pneumatic ... It is suitable for compacting granular soils with no fines in layer up to 1 m.

Explain determination of coefficient of permeability by constant head method.

Description : Explain determination of coefficient of permeability by constant head method.

Last Answer : Procedure of determination of coefficient of permeability by constant head method: 1. Take 2.5 Kg air dried soil sample passing through 9.5mm IS sieve. Add the water in soil equals to its ... . Repeat all above steps two more times to get average coefficient of permeability of given soil sample.

Select the incorrect statement. Effective angle of shearing resistance (A) Increases as the size of particles increases (B) Increases as the soil gradation improves (C) Is limited to a maximum value of 45° (D) Is rarely more than 30° for fine grained soil

Description : Select the incorrect statement. Effective angle of shearing resistance (A) Increases as the size of particles increases (B) Increases as the soil gradation improves (C) Is limited to a maximum value of 45° (D) Is rarely more than 30° for fine grained soil

Last Answer : (C) Is limited to a maximum value of 45°

Pick up the correct statement about silt soil from the following: (A) The silt soil has particle size from 0.02 mm to 0.06 mm (B) In organic fine grained silt soil possesses no plasticity (C) The least plastic type normally consists of more or less equidimensional grains of quartz (D) All the above

Description : Pick up the correct statement about silt soil from the following: (A) The silt soil has particle size from 0.02 mm to 0.06 mm (B) In organic fine grained silt soil possesses no ... The least plastic type normally consists of more or less equidimensional grains of quartz (D) All the above

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

The most suitable method for drainage of fine grained cohesive soils is (A) Well point system (B) Vacuum method (C) Deep well system (D) Electro-osmosis method

Description : The most suitable method for drainage of fine grained cohesive soils is (A) Well point system (B) Vacuum method (C) Deep well system (D) Electro-osmosis method

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

Explain procedure to find specific gravity of the fine aggregate in laboratory.

Description : Explain procedure to find specific gravity of the fine aggregate in laboratory.

Last Answer : Procedure to find specific gravity of fine aggregate in laboratory: 1. Take 2000 gm. aggregate sample in wire basket. Immerse the basket in water completely and take it out to remove entrapped air. ... ). 8. Repeat all above steps for two more samples to get average specific gravity of aggregate.

Explain with neat sketch Phreatic line in earthen dam with pressure head at different point and show construction points of this line.

Description : Explain with neat sketch Phreatic line in earthen dam with pressure head at different point and show construction points of this line. 

Last Answer : Procedure for locating the Phreatic line i) Draw an earthen dam having upstream face AB with water surface. ii) On water surface measure distance BC = 0.3 L C is starting pt of base parabola. Let F' ... parabola i.e. Phreatic line. viii) Here G,Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4 and B represent Phreatic line 

Define Soil Stabilization. State any three points of necessary of soil stabilization.

Description : Define Soil Stabilization. State any three points of necessary of soil stabilization.

Last Answer : Define: - Soil Stabilization is defined as improving the engineering performance of soil by artificial means. Necessity of Soil Stabilization : - 1. To increase the shear strength of soil. 2. To reduce ... of structures. 6. To increase the density of soil. 7. To reduce permeability of soil.

Give the IS Definition of soil.

Description : Give the IS Definition of soil.

Last Answer : As per Indian standards 2809-1972:  Soil is the sediment or other unconsolidated accumulation of solid particles produced by physical and chemical disintegration of rock. 

Define shear strength of soil and state field situations of shear failure.

Description : Define shear strength of soil and state field situations of shear failure. 

Last Answer : Shear Strength of Soil: Shear strength is a term used in soil mechanics to describe the magnitude of the shear stress that a soil can sustain. . Field situations where shear failure occurs 1) ... wall, especially surcharge 3)Under foundation along planes of maximum shear 4) Sub grades of road.

State formation and classification of soil.

Description : State formation and classification of soil.

Last Answer : Soils are formed by numerous process of weathering both physical and chemical. A boulder pried loose from the side of mountain by rapidly flowing water of river and came along with the water ay has result of ... parent rocks. a) Colluvial soil b) Alluvial soil c) Glacial soil d) Eolian soil

Explain dry strength and Dilatancy test on soil.

Description : Explain dry strength and Dilatancy test on soil. 

Last Answer : This is simple test which is used in the field for rough classification of soil. i) The prepared soil sample is completely dried in the sun or by air drying. Its strength is ... reaction is observed and recorded; inorganic soils exhibit a quick reaction whereas clays exhibit known to slow.

State different methods of soil stabilization and explain any one

Description : State different methods of soil stabilization and explain any one

Last Answer : i) Mechanical stabilization - It is the process of improving properties of soil by changing its gradation. It depends on mechanical strength of aggregate, mineral composition etc Eg - Compaction at near ... help to drain water, increase strength, decrease mixing of soil, filters the water etc. 

State any four factors which affect shear strength of soil

Description : State any four factors which affect shear strength of soil

Last Answer : Shear strength is affected by i) Soil composition Mineralogy, grain size, shape of soil particles, pore fluid type and content, clay content. ii) Initial State Loose, ... Drainage conditions Undrained, drained vii) Stress conditions deviator stress, confining stress, intermediate stress 

Define plasticity index and classify soil on its basis.

Description : Define plasticity index and classify soil on its basis.

Last Answer : a) Plasticity index (Ip) It is give measure of degree of plasticity of soil. It is difference be liquid limit and plastic limit Ip = WL - Wp Greater plasticity index, the greater is degree of plasticity of the soil. ... based on Ip i) Non plastic soil  If wp = o        Ip = wL ii) Plastic soil

State any four methods to find water content of soil sample.

Description : State any four methods to find water content of soil sample. 

Last Answer : The direct determination of moisture content can be made by a) Oven drying b) Infrared c) Sand bath method. The indirect method are a) Calcium carbide b) Penetration resistance (proctor needle) c) Nuclear d) Pycnometer 

Explain different methods of field compaction of soil.

Description : Explain different methods of field compaction of soil.

Last Answer : Methods of field compaction of soil i) Rolling- In this method, soil is compacted by using 6-8 tonne heavy rollers. The rollers are selected as per type of soil. Due to ... compactors. Vibrations of large amplitude, rearrange the soil particles together and hence overall compaction takes place.

Draw particle size distribution curve. Explain mechanical sieve analysis for grading of soil with a sketch.

Description : Draw particle size distribution curve. Explain mechanical sieve analysis for grading of soil with a sketch.

Last Answer : Mechanical sieve analysis -The process of analyzing the particle size present in soil by using mechanical means, is known as mechanical sieve Analysis. By performing mechanical sieve analysis, a particle size ... c) Fine grained soil d) Coarse grained soil e) Uniformly graded soil

Define water content and voids ratio of soil.

Description : Define water content and voids ratio of soil.

Last Answer : Water content- It is the ratio of weight of water to weight of soil soilds which is measured in percentage called as water content.  Voids ratio – It is the ratio of volume of voids to volume of solids called as voids ratio.

Explain the use of soil as a foundation material.

Description : Explain the use of soil as a foundation material.

Last Answer : i) The foundation is rest on the soil ii) Soil-cement mixture used as sub grade. iii) Pervious and impervious soil is used in earthen dams iv) Soil used as bed of foundation

Give necessity of site investigation and sub soil explorations.

Description : Give necessity of site investigation and sub soil explorations.

Last Answer : Necessity of Site investigation - 1. To determine bearing capacity of soil 2. To select suitable construction techniques 3.To select the type and depth of foundation for given structure 4.To ... soil sample and classify soil accordingly 7. To decide suitability of soil for proposed structure. 

State any four importance of soil in civil engineering.

Description : State any four importance of soil in civil engineering. 

Last Answer : 1. Soil is more suitable in embankment fills and retaining pond beds after their construction. 2. Soil is also suitable for foundation but require compactions as without compaction structure may collapse. 3. ... earthen dams. 8. For Water bound macadam roads soil is used as a binder material. 

Explain I.S. classification of soil

Description : Explain I.S. classification of soil

Last Answer : I.S. classification of soil: The soils are classified by Indian standard code i.e. IS 1498:1970 into three categories. 1.Coarse grained soil: In these soils, more than half ... , concretions, cinders and other non-soil materials in sufficient quantities are grouped under this category.

Explain three phase system of soil.

Description : Explain three phase system of soil.

Last Answer : As natural soil contains solid soil particles and water and air present in its voids such complex nature of soil sample is difficult to analyze its physical properties hence it is simplify and ... water. In case of partially saturated soil, both air and water are present in the voids.

State any two situations where knowledge of soil mechanics is required.

Description : State any two situations where knowledge of soil mechanics is required.

Last Answer : 1. Design of foundation for various structures. 2. Design of pavement for various roads. 3. Design of earth retaining structures i.e. retaining wall, sheet pile. 4. Design of water retaining ... Design of abutments of bridge. 6. Design of underground structures i.e. pipeline, tunnels etc.