State four environmental benefits of biodiesel in comparison to petroleum based fuels.

1 Answer

Answer :

Environmental benefits of biodiesel in comparison to petroleum based fuels

i) It is a renewable substitute fuel for petroleum diesel.

ii) It has lower exhaust emissions

iii) It is biodegradable fuel

iv) It is non-toxic.

v) It is free of sulphur and aromatics.

vi) It is an environmentally friendly fuel that can be used in any diesel engine without modification. 

Related questions

Description : List the various fuels used in I.C. engines. Write the properties of Biodiesel Fuels used in I. C. engine.

Last Answer : 1 Petrol 2. Diesel 3. LPG 4. CNG 5.Hydrogen 6.Alcohol 7.Bio diesel Properties biodiesel  i) It is a renewable substitute fuel for petroleum diesel. ii) It has lower exhaust ... diesel vi) It is an environmentally friendly fuel that an be used in any diesel engine without modification.

Description : Explain Biodiesel fuel. Give any four applications.

Last Answer : Biodiesel diesel  Bio diesel is a vegetable oil or animal fat based diesel fuel. It consists of long chain alkyl esters. It is made chemically reacting liquids with an alcohol. i) It is a ... diesel with 20% biodiesel) 4.Generatore 5.Air craft engines 6.Heating oil in domestic commercial boiler

Description : State the four properties of CI engine fuels.

Last Answer : Properties of CI fuel: (1) Volatility 2) Viscosity 3) Flash point 4) Fire point 5) Cetane number 6) Calorific value 7) Sulphur 8) Contamination 9) Cloud point 10) Pour point

Description : Compare the following fuels on the basis of calorific value and knocking. LPG, CNG and bio-diesel 

Last Answer : Parameter LPG CNG Bio-diesel Calorific value 46.4MJ/Kg LPG has consistent & higher calorific value.  52.34 MJ/Kg Which is higher than LPG. 37.27 MJ/Kg this ... 65 which is higher than petro-diesel. So intensity of knocking is less in biodiesel compared to petro diesel.

Description : State four drawbacks of carbureted SI engine 

Last Answer : Drawbacks of carbureted SI engine: 1) No altitude compensation. 2) Mal-distribution of charge. 3) Variation in air: fuel ratio. 4) Inaccurate metering of charge. 5) Does not meet emission ... in poor efficiency. 10) Backfiring may take place. 11) Carburetor Icing may take place.

Description : State four methods to improve fuel economy of a vehicle.

Last Answer : Answer: Methods of improving fuel economy.  1) Use of multi-functional fuel additives will provide 3 to 4% fuel economy. 2) Good driving habits. 3) Properly maintained fuel supply ... computer controlled ignition system. 6) Use of higher voltage automotive electrical system (42 volts system).

Description : List four types of sensors used in MPFI system, state their locations and functions.

Last Answer : Sr. Name Function Location 1 Oxygen Sensor Measuring the quantity of oxygen in exhaust  Located at inlet and outlet side of catalytic converter 2 Mass air flow(MAF ... the combustion process and supplies signal to the ECU. This sensor is fitted on cylinder block.

Description : State FOUR advantages if MPFI engine.

Last Answer : Advantages if MPFI engine. 1) MPFI improved fuel consumption. 2) Better Drivability. 3) ECM technique is used to control the engine. 4) Precise supply of air-fuel mixture 5) Engine ... -fuel mixture. 9) Cleaner emissions 10) MPFI improves functionality and durability of the engine components.

Description :  State four advantages of CRDI system. 

Last Answer : Advantages of CRDI System:  1. Deliver 25% more power and torque than the normal direct injection engine. 2. Lower levels of noise and vibration. 3. Lower emissions. 4. Lower fuel consumption. 5. ... at low engine speeds and loads. 7) In CRDI system, Fuel pump operates with low drive torque. 

Description : State four properties of SI engine fuel.

Last Answer : 1. It should mix readily with air and provide uniform manifold distribution. That is, it should easily vaporize. 2. It must be knock resistant. 3. It should not pre-ignite easily. 4. It should ... not form gum and varnish. OR 1. Volatility2. Knock Resistivity 3. Sulphur Content 4. Gum Content

Description : State four advantages of I head combustion chamber. 

Last Answer : Advantages of I-Head combustion chamber: 1. Lower pumping losses and higher volumetric efficiency. 2. Lesser distance of flame travel therefore low octane requirement. 3. More uniform cooling of cylinder ... ratio and therefore less heat loss. 5. Easier to cast and hence lower casting cost.

Description : State four features of CRDI system.

Last Answer : Features of CRDI System: 1. CRDI engine has lower emission. So, it meets latest emission norms. Finely atomized fuel results in an efficient air-fuel mixing & reduced particulate emissions. 2 ... pressure pump which allows the fuel to be supply at higher pressure under all operating condition. 

Description : List and Explain two type of diesel smoke. Explain four cause of diesel smoke.

Last Answer : Answer: Two type of diesel smoke 1) Blue-white smoke 2) Black smoke Four cause of diesel smoke:- 1) Blue smoke is due to burning the droplets of lubricating oil in combustion ... because of worn piston rings & cylinder liners & water come in combustion chamber because cracked water jacket.

Description : CNG is used as alternative fuel, justify with four merits and four demerits.

Last Answer : 1. CNG reduces the harmful emission 2. Operating cost of the vehicle running on CNG is lower. 3. Reduced vehicle maintenance. 4. Fuel theft is not possible. Since NG cannot be siphoned ... 5. Inconsistent fuel properties. So above merits and demerits suggest that CNG is used as alternative fuel.

Description : List four types of combustion chambers used in S.I. engine. Explain any one in detail with neat sketch.

Last Answer : Combustion chambers used in S.I. engine:- 1) T - Head 2) I - Head. 3) F - Head. 4) L - Head 5) Divided combustion chamber. 1. T Head Type Combustion chambers.  This ... and therefore more heat loss. 4. Valve size restricted. 6. Thermal failure in cylinder block also. 

Description : List any four parameters of improving fuel economy.

Last Answer : 1. Use of multi-functional fuel additives will provide 3 to 4% fuel economy. 2. Good driving habits. 3. Properly maintained fuel supply system. 4. Use of computer controlled fuel ... computer controlled ignition system. 6. Use of higher voltage automotive electrical system (42 volts system).

Description : List any four advantages of CRDI system and write its operation.

Last Answer : Advantages of CRDI System: 1. Deliver 25% more power and torque than the normal direct injection engine. 2. Lower levels of noise and vibration. 3. Lower emissions. 4. Lower ... activating solenoid valve, whereas the injection rate can be modified by controlling the nozzle needle movement. 

Description : Give any four sensors used in MPFI system.

Last Answer : Four sensors used in MPFI system: 1) Oxygen sensor 2) Mass air flow (MAF) sensor 3) Coolant temperature sensor 4) Throttle position sensor 5) Crank position sensor 6) Manifold absolute pressure sensor ... Sensor 9) Knock Sensor 10) Cam Shaft Position Sensor 11) Intake air temperature sensor (IAT) 

Description : Describe four effects of detonation.

Last Answer : 1. Noise and roughness: Mild knock is seldom audible and is not harmful. When intensity of knock increases a loud pulsating noise is produced due to development of a pressure wave. The ... and combustion chamber wall and this overheating leads to ignite the charge before the passage of spark.

Description : Describe four properties of gasoline as a fuel for SI engine

Last Answer : Volatility: volatility depend upon fractinal composition of fuel. Method of measuring volatility has been standardized by ASTM ( American society of Testing Materials) and the graohical representation ... gasoline to improve the gasoline stability during storage by inhibiting the formation of gums.

Description : Describe any four variable affection detonations.

Last Answer : Variable affecting detonations. 1. Temperature : Increasing the temperature of the unburned mixture increase the possibility of knock in the SI engine following are the effect on SI engine ... atmospheric humidity decreases the tendency to knock by decreasing the reaction time of the fuel.

Description : List four drawbacks of carburetted S.I. engine. 

Last Answer : Drawbacks of carburetted SI engine: 1) No altitude compensation. 2) Mal-distribution of charge. 3) Variation in air: fuel ratio. 4) Inaccurate metering of charge. 5) Does not meet emission ... parts results in poor efficiency. 10) Backfiring may take place. 11) Carburetor Icing may take place

Description : Coal tar fuels (CTF) as compared to petroleum based fuel oils have higher (A) Calorific value (B) Higher C/H ratio (C) Sulphur content (D) Difference in gross & net calorific value

Last Answer : (B) Higher C/H ratio

Description : State the effect of compression ratio and turbulence on ignition lag.

Last Answer : Effect of engine variables on ignition lag  1) Compression ratio: A higher compression ratio increases the pressure and temperature of the working mixture and decreases the concentration of the residual gases. ... . For this reason. It becomes necessary to advance the spark timing at higher speed. 

Description : What is diesel smoke? State two methods to control diesel smoke.

Last Answer : Diesel smoke: Smoke is defined as visible products of combustion, is due to poor combustion. It originates early in the combustion. Rich fuel-air mixture & at pressures developed in diesel ... manifold. This shortens the delay period- curbs thermal cracking which is responsible for soot format

Description : What does VTEC stands for? State advantages of it.

Last Answer : VTEC stands for Variable valve timing and electronic lift control. In VTEC, the valve timing and the valve lift is controlled using ECU to provide efficient breathing of engine and efficient performance of ... GDI is capable of using very lean mixture i.e. 65:1 while using VTEC Improve drivability

Description : Explain VVT mechanism and state any two advantages of it.

Last Answer : Variable valve timing (VVT) is a system for varying the valve opening of an internal combustion engine. This allows the engine to deliver high power, but also to work tractably and efficiently at low power ... handling of engine valve. 5) It lowers the exhaust emission. 6) It increases torque. 

Description : State the difference between turbocharger & VGT used in diesel engine.

Last Answer : Difference between turbocharger and VGT Sr. No. Parameter Turbocharger VGT 1 Fuel efficiency Lower fuel efficiency as compared to VGT Improved fuel efficiency by20% 2 ... required. 6 Engine response Sluggish response at low speeds Quick responsive engine

Description : What is GDI? State its advantages. 

Last Answer : Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI), also known as Petrol Direct Injection. This system is employed in modern two-stroke and four-stroke gasoline engines. The gasoline is highly pressurized, and injected via a ... . 5. Spark Knock is much more controlled. 6. Leaner fuel mixtures during operation. 

Description : Draw a layout of fuel injection system in CRDI diesel engine. State its fundamental requirement.

Last Answer : Fundamental requirement:-The line diagram of CRDI shows that the system is controlled by ECU. The sensors in the system are used to feed the input in the ECU.ECU will provide the signal ... fuel injector, common rail, High pressure fuel pump, ECM/ECU, Pressure sensor, Rail pressure limiter. 

Description : What is delay period? State the variables affecting delay period. 

Last Answer : Delay Period The delay period is the time between the start of injection and start of combustion. Variables affecting delay period 1. Quality of fuel 2. Compression ratio 3. Injection ... 6. Engine load 7. Intake temperature 8. Intake pressure or supercharging 9. Jacket water temperature

Description : State the drawbacks of carbureted (SI) engines on the basis of fuel distribution, emission, power output and fuel consumption.

Last Answer :  Drawbacks of carburetted S.I. engine: 1) Fuel distribution- Mal-distribution of charge. 2) Emission- More emissin 3) Power output- Less 4) Fuel consumption - More

Description : State input and output control functions of ECM. Describe the idle speed control with sketch. 

Last Answer : Inputs and outputs of Electronic Control Module The inputs of ECM 1. The Ignition (Engine Speed Sensor). 2. Temperature Sensor (Coolant Temperature). 3. Throttle Potentiometer (Intake ... through. The Idle speed control valve stepper motor allows 125 possible valve opening positions. 

Description : State the different types of SI engine combustion chambers. Draw a neat sketch of any one.

Last Answer : 1) T Head Type Combustion chambers 2) L Head Type Combustion chambers 3) F- Head combustion chamber 4) Over head valve or I head combustion chamber 5) Hemispherical combustion chamber 6) Bathtub ... - Head combustion chamber 4) Over head valve or I head combustion chamber

Description :  State the pollutants from gasoline engines. And explain why it is formed?

Last Answer : Pollutants from gasoline engine 1. Carbon monoxide (CO) 2. Hydrocarbons (HC) 3. Oxides of nitrogen (NO) 4. Sulpher Cause of pollutants formed 1. Pollutants are produced by the incomplete ... in the combustion chamber. 2. Due to no maintenance. 3. Crankcase blowby 4. Evaporative losses.

Description : State the advantages of DTSI.

Last Answer : Advantages of DTSI system 1. Less vibrations and noise. 2. Long life of the engine parts such as piston rings and valve stem. 3. Decrease in the specific fuel consumption. ... winter season & cold climatic conditions or at very low temperatures because of increased compression ratio.

Description : Define ignition lag. State factors affecting ignition lag.

Last Answer : Ignition lag: The time elapsed between the fuel injection into the combustion chamber and starting of combustion. It is a chemical process in which the growth and development of a self-propagating nucleus of ... 6) Initial Temperature and pressure. 7) Presence of residual gases. 8) Engine size  

Description : Explain Evaporative emission control system.

Last Answer : EVAP system Operation: When the engine is running, stored fuel vapours in fuel tank are purged from the canister whenever the throttle has opened past the purge port and coolant temperature is above 54 °C. ... The EVAP system is designed to limit maximum vacuum and pressure in the fuel tank.   

Description : Explain Delay Period in detail.

Last Answer : Delay period: Ignition delay period is the time period between start of injection and start of combustion, has a great influence on the correct optimization of a diesel engine. The knock phenomenon ... with air, and mixture rose in temperature. Pre-flame reactions occur during chemical delay  

Description : What are the advantages of V.V.T?

Last Answer : Advantages of V.V.T (Variable Valve Timing) 1) It improves performance of an engine. 2) It increases engine flexibility under different conditions. 3) It improves fuel economy. 4) It makes precise handling of engine valve. 5) It lowers the exhaust emission. 6) It increases torque.

Description : Sketch and Explain F-head combustion chamber.

Last Answer : In F-head combustion chamber one valve is in head and other in the block. This design is a compromise between L-head and I head combustion chambers. Advantages are : High volumetric ... This design is the complex mechanism for operation of valves and expensive special shaped piston. 

Description : Explain working of LPG kit with labeled block diagram.

Last Answer : Working of LPG Kit: LPG Tank: It is used to store the LPG at 10 bar Filler Valve: It allows the LPG into the tank while feeling. Pressure Relief Valve: It is used to limit ... regulator Mixer / gas injection which flows the LPG into the combustion chamber  Block diagram:  

Description : Explain engine design modification parameter to control emissions.

Last Answer : Methods used for improving the exhaust emission under the engine design modification are 1. Use of leaner air-fuel ratios: The carburetor may be modified to provide relatively lean air fuel ... tolerances and using special type of carburetors. This also includes fuel injection in manifold.  

Description : Explain the working computer controlled EGR system.

Last Answer : Exhaust Gas recirculation: EGR System is control by the ECM. A pressure sensor monitors the exhaust system pressure. The sensor signals this information of pressure to the ECM. The ECM sends the signal ... open and close the EGR valve. Thus it controls the amount of exhaust gas recalculated.

Description : Explain the methods of fuel injection used EFI system.

Last Answer : Methods of fuel injection: 1. Sequential fuel injection. (SFI) 2. Grouped fuel injection. 3. Simultaneous fuel injection. 4. Continuous injection. 1. Simultaneous Injection: Injection of fuel ... of the fuel injection is determined by ECU depending upon load and speed. 

Description : Compare throttle body injection with port fuel injection systems.

Last Answer : Sr. No. TBI system PFI System 1 Fuel is injected into the center of the throttle body. Fuel is injected into the port 2 TBI uses bottom feed ... the throttle body. Hither power output due to low resistance at intake manifold and higher volumetric efficiency.

Description : Explain the working of series hybrid vehicle.

Last Answer : Series-Hybrid vehicle In Series Hybrid vehicles, the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) drives a generator, which charges the battery and supplies current to the electronically controlled motor. The electric motor ... have to be rated to the maximum power. It has low overall system efficiency.

Description : Explain the pollutants from gasoline engine

Last Answer : 1. Hydrocarbon (HC):-They play an important role in forming NO2 and O3 which are health and environmental hazard.  2. Carbon Monoxide (CO): CO is a highly poisonous gas that can cause dizziness, ... effect, NO2 is a very toxic gas and contributes to the formation of smog, ozone, and acid rain.

Description : Explain the following properties i) Pour point ii) Viscosity iii) Ignition quality iv) Fire point

Last Answer : i. Pour point: Pour point is the temperature below which the entire mass of fuel, solid or liquid together, freeze and thus cause flow of fuel impossible. Pour point is usually 5 to 10 °C below ... is the temperature at which the flash will sustain itself as a steady flame for at least five seconds.

Description : With neat labeled figure, explain the working of any two position of PCV (positive crank case ventilation) valve.

Last Answer : PCV Valve: It consists of a spring loaded tapered valve for flow control. The crankcase pressure and manifold vacuum act together to close the valve where as the spring pressure tends to keep it open.(Fig a ... back seat sealing the inlet and crankcase is protected from the back fire.(Fig d).