Adrenaline and noradrenaline are called hormones. Why?

Adrenaline and noradrenaline are called hormones. Why?
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Adrenaline and noradrenaline are called hormones. Why?
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Compared to a bull a bullock is docile because of (a) higher levels of cortisone (b) lower levels of blood testosterone (c) lower levels of adrenaline/noradrenaline in its blood (d) higher levels of thyroxine.

Description : Compared to a bull a bullock is docile because of (a) higher levels of cortisone (b) lower levels of blood testosterone (c) lower levels of adrenaline/noradrenaline in its blood (d) higher levels of thyroxine.

Last Answer : (b) lower levels of blood testosterone

The following are true about the neurotransmitters: a. acetylcholine is inactivated mainly by presynaptic reuptake b. tyrosine is essential for the formation of dopamine c. noradrenaline is inactivated mainly by hydrolysis d. adrenaline is formed from methylation of the noradrenaline

Description : The following are true about the neurotransmitters: a. acetylcholine is inactivated mainly by presynaptic reuptake b. tyrosine is essential for the formation of dopamine c. noradrenaline is inactivated mainly by hydrolysis d. adrenaline is formed from methylation of the noradrenaline

Last Answer : adrenaline is formed from methylation of the noradrenaline

Adrenaline: a. is synthesized by demethylation of noradrenaline b. increases coronary blood flow c. increases free fatty acids in the blood d. mobilizes glycogen stores from the liver

Description : Adrenaline: a. is synthesized by demethylation of noradrenaline b. increases coronary blood flow c. increases free fatty acids in the blood d. mobilizes glycogen stores from the liver

Last Answer : increases coronary blood flow

The following enzymes on the left are responsible for the synthesis of the neurotransmitters on the right: a. monoamine oxidase: noradrenaline b. cholinesterase: acetylcholine c. catechol-o-methyl transferase: dopamine d. dopa decarboxylase: adrenaline

Description : The following enzymes on the left are responsible for the synthesis of the neurotransmitters on the right: a. monoamine oxidase: noradrenaline b. cholinesterase: acetylcholine c. catechol-o-methyl transferase: dopamine d. dopa decarboxylase: adrenaline

Last Answer : dopa decarboxylase: adrenaline

At the adrenergic synapse, the concentration of adrenaline in synaptic cleft: a. increased by cocaine which inhibit reuptake of adrenaline b. decreased by MAO (monoamine oxidase) - inhibitors c. controlled chiefly by the activity of the enzyme COMT d. increased by noradrenaline receptor blockers

Description : At the adrenergic synapse, the concentration of adrenaline in synaptic cleft: a. increased by cocaine which inhibit reuptake of adrenaline b. decreased by MAO (monoamine oxidase) - inhibitors c. controlled chiefly by the activity of the enzyme COMT d. increased by noradrenaline receptor blockers

Last Answer : increased by cocaine which inhibit reuptake of adrenaline

Vasomotor reversal phenomenon after administration of an α adrenergic blocker is seen with: A. Adrenaline B. Noradrenaline C. Isoprenaline D. All of the above drugs

Description : Vasomotor reversal phenomenon after administration of an α adrenergic blocker is seen with: A. Adrenaline B. Noradrenaline C. Isoprenaline D. All of the above drugs

Last Answer : A. Adrenaline

The following sympathomimetic amine has agonistic action on α1 + α2 + β1 + β3 adrenoceptors, but not on β2 receptors: A. Adrenaline B. Noradrenaline C. Isoprenaline D. Phenylephrine

Description : The following sympathomimetic amine has agonistic action on α1 + α2 + β1 + β3 adrenoceptors, but not on β2 receptors: A. Adrenaline B. Noradrenaline C. Isoprenaline D. Phenylephrine

Last Answer : B. Noradrenaline

Vasomotor reversal phenomenon after administration of an α adrenergic blocker is seen with: A. Adrenaline B. Noradrenaline C. Isoprenaline D. All of the above drugs

Description : Vasomotor reversal phenomenon after administration of an α adrenergic blocker is seen with: A. Adrenaline B. Noradrenaline C. Isoprenaline D. All of the above drugs

Last Answer : A. Adrenaline

The following sympathomimetic amine has agonistic action on α 1 + α 2 + β 1 + β 3 adrenoceptors, but not on β 2 receptors: A. Adrenaline B. Noradrenaline C. Isoprenaline D. Phenylephrine

Description : The following sympathomimetic amine has agonistic action on α 1 + α 2 + β 1 + β 3 adrenoceptors, but not on β 2 receptors: A. Adrenaline B. Noradrenaline C. Isoprenaline D. Phenylephrine

Last Answer : B. Noradrenaline

Assertion : Adrenal cortex is called the gland for "fight, fright, and flight." Reason : The hormones adrenaline and nor-adrenaline help the body to c

Description : Assertion : Adrenal cortex is called the gland for "fight, fright, and flight." Reason : The hormones adrenaline and nor-adrenaline help the body to c

Last Answer : Assertion : Adrenal cortex is called the gland for "fight, fright, and flight." Reason : The hormones ... . D. If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Which one of the following hormones contains iodine? (1) Thyroxine (2) Testosterone (3) Insulin (4) Adrenaline

Description : Which one of the following hormones contains iodine? (1) Thyroxine (2) Testosterone (3) Insulin (4) Adrenaline

Last Answer : (1) Thyroxine Explanation: Thyroxine is produced by attaching iodine atoms to the ring structures of this protein's tyrosine residues; thyroxine (T4) contains four iodine atoms

Which one of the following hormones contains iodine? (1) Thyroxine (2) Testosterone (3) Insulin (4) Adrenaline

Description : Which one of the following hormones contains iodine? (1) Thyroxine (2) Testosterone (3) Insulin (4) Adrenaline

Last Answer : (1) Thyroxine Explanation: Thyroxine is produced by attaching iodine atoms to the ring structures of this protein's tyrosine residues; thyroxine (T4) contains four iodine atoms, while triiodothyronine (T3), otherwise identical to T4, has one less iodine atom per molecule.

Which of the following hormones is released in excess quantity during excitement’? (1) Cortisone (2) Serotonin (3) Adrenaline (4) Oestrogen

Description : Which of the following hormones is released in excess quantity during excitement’? (1) Cortisone (2) Serotonin (3) Adrenaline (4) Oestrogen

Last Answer : (3) Adrenaline Explanation: Adrenaline is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands during high stress or exciting situations. This powerful hormone is part of the human body's acute stress ... largely refers to this hormone as epinephrine, although the two terms may be used interchangeably.

Hormones thyroxine, adrenaline and the pigment melanin are formed from (a) tyrosine (b) proline (c) tryptophan (d) glycine.

Description : Hormones thyroxine, adrenaline and the pigment melanin are formed from (a) tyrosine (b) proline (c) tryptophan (d) glycine.

Last Answer : (a) tyrosine

The estrogen and androgen hormones which regulate sexual development and function are structurally related to: w) beta carotene x) ethanol y) adrenaline z) cholesterol

Description : The estrogen and androgen hormones which regulate sexual development and function are structurally related to: w) beta carotene x) ethanol y) adrenaline z) cholesterol

Last Answer : ANSWER: Z -- CHOLESTEROL 

Which of the following hormones is released in excess quantity during excitement ? (1) Cortisone (2) Serotonin (3) Adrenaline (4) Oestrogen

Description : Which of the following hormones is released in excess quantity during excitement ? (1) Cortisone (2) Serotonin (3) Adrenaline (4) Oestrogen

Last Answer : Adrenaline

Prazosin is an effective antihypertensive while nonselective a adrenergic blockers are not because (a) It is the only orally active a blocker (b) It improves plasma lipid profile (c) It does not concurrently enhance noradrenaline release (d) It improves urine flow in males with prostatic hypertrophy

Description : Prazosin is an effective antihypertensive while nonselective a adrenergic blockers are not because (a) It is the only orally active a blocker (b) It improves plasma lipid profile (c) It does not concurrently enhance noradrenaline release (d) It improves urine flow in males with prostatic hypertrophy

Last Answer : Ans: C

While undergoing a surgical procedure a patient develops hypotension. Which of the following drugs can be injected intramuscularly to raise his BP (a) Noradrenaline (b) Isoprenaline (c) Mephentermine (d) Isoxsuprine

Description : While undergoing a surgical procedure a patient develops hypotension. Which of the following drugs can be injected intramuscularly to raise his BP (a) Noradrenaline (b) Isoprenaline (c) Mephentermine (d) Isoxsuprine

Last Answer : Ans: C

Noradrenaline is administered by (a) Subcutaneous injection (b) Intramuscular injection (c) Slow intravenous infusion (d) All of the above routes

Description : Noradrenaline is administered by (a) Subcutaneous injection (b) Intramuscular injection (c) Slow intravenous infusion (d) All of the above routes

Last Answer : Ans: C

A sympathomimetic amine that acts almost exclusively by releasing noradrenaline from the nerve endings is (a) Ephedrine (b) Dopamine (c) Isoprenaline (d) Tyramine

Description : A sympathomimetic amine that acts almost exclusively by releasing noradrenaline from the nerve endings is (a) Ephedrine (b) Dopamine (c) Isoprenaline (d) Tyramine

Last Answer : Ans: D

Tyramine induces release of noradrenaline from adrenergic nerve endings (a) By depolarizing the axonal membrane (b) By mobilizing Ca2+ (c) By a nonexocytotic process (d) Only in the presence of MAO inhibitors

Description : Tyramine induces release of noradrenaline from adrenergic nerve endings (a) By depolarizing the axonal membrane (b) By mobilizing Ca2+ (c) By a nonexocytotic process (d) Only in the presence of MAO inhibitors

Last Answer : Ans: C

The following are neurotransmitters in the autonomic ganglia: a. GABA b. noradrenaline c. acetylcholine d. 5 HT

Description : The following are neurotransmitters in the autonomic ganglia: a. GABA b. noradrenaline c. acetylcholine d. 5 HT

Last Answer : acetylcholine

The following are neurotransmitters at the autonomic post-ganglionic nerve endings: a. GABA b. noradrenaline c. acetylcholine d. 5 HT

Description : The following are neurotransmitters at the autonomic post-ganglionic nerve endings: a. GABA b. noradrenaline c. acetylcholine d. 5 HT

Last Answer : acetylcholine

The effect of noradrenaline on the heart include: a. tachycardiac b. increased duration of the cardiac action potential c. decreased potassium conductance of the membranes of pacemaker cells d. increased strength of cardiac contraction

Description : The effect of noradrenaline on the heart include: a. tachycardiac b. increased duration of the cardiac action potential c. decreased potassium conductance of the membranes of pacemaker cells d. increased strength of cardiac contraction

Last Answer : increased strength of cardiac contraction

The following are true: a. heroin causes miosis by increasing the release of acetylcholine. b. botulinum toxin causes mydriasis by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine c. phenylephrine causes mydriasis by stimulating the alpha receptors d. amphetamine causes mydriasis by inhibiting noradrenaline reuptake

Description : The following are true: a. heroin causes miosis by increasing the release of acetylcholine. b. botulinum toxin causes mydriasis by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine c. ... mydriasis by stimulating the alpha receptors d. amphetamine causes mydriasis by inhibiting noradrenaline reuptake

Last Answer : phenylephrine causes mydriasis by stimulating the alpha receptors

True statements about the following neurotransmitters include: a. dopamine is formed from tyrosine b. in the synapse, noradrenaline is inactivated by active reuptake into the presynpatic terminals c. noradrenaline is formed by hydroxylation of dopamine d. all above

Description : True statements about the following neurotransmitters include: a. dopamine is formed from tyrosine b. in the synapse, noradrenaline is inactivated by active reuptake into the presynpatic terminals c. noradrenaline is formed by hydroxylation of dopamine d. all above

Last Answer : all above

A patient has an episode of hematemesis following streptokinase infused for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis. Which of the following drugs would be most effective in controlling the bleeding episode: A. Vitamin K B. Noradrenaline C. Epsilon aminocaproic acid D. Rutin

Description : A patient has an episode of hematemesis following streptokinase infused for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis. Which of the following drugs would be most effective in controlling the bleeding episode: A. Vitamin K B. Noradrenaline C. Epsilon aminocaproic acid D. Rutin

Last Answer : C. Epsilon aminocaproic acid

Methyldopa lowers BP by: A. Inhibiting dopa decarboxylase in adrenergic nerve endings B. Generating α-methyl noradrenaline in brain which reduces sympathetic tone C. Generating α-methyl noradrenaline which acts as a false transmitter in peripheral adrenergic nerve endings D. Activating vascular dopamine receptors

Description : Methyldopa lowers BP by: A. Inhibiting dopa decarboxylase in adrenergic nerve endings B. Generating α-methyl noradrenaline in brain which reduces sympathetic tone C. Generating α-methyl ... as a false transmitter in peripheral adrenergic nerve endings D. Activating vascular dopamine receptors

Last Answer : B. Generating α-methyl noradrenaline in brain which reduces sympathetic tone

Rapid intravenous injection of clonidine causes rise in BP due to: A. Stimulation of vasomotor centre B. Release of noradrenaline from adrenergic nerve endings C. Agonistic action on vascular α2 adrenergic receptors D. Cardiac stimulation

Description : Rapid intravenous injection of clonidine causes rise in BP due to: A. Stimulation of vasomotor centre B. Release of noradrenaline from adrenergic nerve endings C. Agonistic action on vascular α2 adrenergic receptors D. Cardiac stimulation

Last Answer : C. Agonistic action on vascular α2 adrenergic receptors

The following is true of bupropion except: A. It inhibits dopamine reuptake along with inhibiting noradrenaline reuptake B. It produces sedation as a side effect C. It is being used as an aid for smoking cessation D. It is likely to produce seizures in overdose

Description : The following is true of bupropion except: A. It inhibits dopamine reuptake along with inhibiting noradrenaline reuptake B. It produces sedation as a side effect C. It is being used as an aid for smoking cessation D. It is likely to produce seizures in overdose

Last Answer : B. It produces sedation as a side effect

Which of the following is labelled as a 'serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor or SNRI': A. Amineptine B. Venlafaxine C. Bupropion D. Citalopram

Description : Which of the following is labelled as a 'serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor or SNRI': A. Amineptine B. Venlafaxine C. Bupropion D. Citalopram

Last Answer : D. Citalopram

Venlafaxine differs from standard tricyclic antidepressants in that it: A. Does not inhibit 5-HT reuptake B. Does not inhibit noradrenaline reuptake C. Does not have anticholinergic or antiadrenergic property D. Has lower antidepressant efficacy

Description : Venlafaxine differs from standard tricyclic antidepressants in that it: A. Does not inhibit 5-HT reuptake B. Does not inhibit noradrenaline reuptake C. Does not have anticholinergic or antiadrenergic property D. Has lower antidepressant efficacy

Last Answer : C. Does not have anticholinergic or antiadrenergic property

The mechanisms involved in the causation of dangerous cardiac arrhythmias due to overdose of tricyclic antidepressants include the following except: A. Intraventricular conduction block B. Potentiation of noradrenaline C. Antagonism of acetylcholine D. Increased vagal tone

Description : The mechanisms involved in the causation of dangerous cardiac arrhythmias due to overdose of tricyclic antidepressants include the following except: A. Intraventricular conduction block B. Potentiation of noradrenaline C. Antagonism of acetylcholine D. Increased vagal tone

Last Answer : D. Increased vagal tone

Adaptive changes in brain monoamine turnover due to blockade of noradrenaline/5-HT reuptake is credited with the following effect: A. Antipsychotic B. Antianxiety C. Antiparkinsonian D. Antidepressant

Description : Adaptive changes in brain monoamine turnover due to blockade of noradrenaline/5-HT reuptake is credited with the following effect: A. Antipsychotic B. Antianxiety C. Antiparkinsonian D. Antidepressant

Last Answer : D. Antidepressant

The usual cardiovascular effect of levodopa is: A. Bradycardia due to increased vagal tone B. Rise in blood pressure due to increased noradrenaline content of adrenergic nerve endings C. Fall in blood pressure due to decrease in sympathetic tone D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’ are correct

Description : The usual cardiovascular effect of levodopa is: A. Bradycardia due to increased vagal tone B. Rise in blood pressure due to increased noradrenaline content of adrenergic nerve endings C. Fall in blood pressure due to decrease in sympathetic tone D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’ are correct

Last Answer : C. Fall in blood pressure due to decrease in sympathetic tone

While undergoing a surgical procedure a patient deve- lops hypotension. Which drug can be injected intramuscularly to raise his BP: A. Noradrenaline B. Isoprenaline C. Mephentermine D. Isoxsuprine

Description : While undergoing a surgical procedure a patient deve- lops hypotension. Which drug can be injected intramuscularly to raise his BP: A. Noradrenaline B. Isoprenaline C. Mephentermine D. Isoxsuprine

Last Answer : C. Mephentermine

Which pressor agent acts directly as well as indirectly and produces both vasoconstriction and cardiac stimulation: A. Phenylephrine B. Methoxamine C. Noradrenaline D. Mephentermine

Description : Which pressor agent acts directly as well as indirectly and produces both vasoconstriction and cardiac stimulation: A. Phenylephrine B. Methoxamine C. Noradrenaline D. Mephentermine

Last Answer : D. Mephentermine

All of the following contribute to the antihypertensive action of propranolol except: A. Direct vasodilatation B. Decreased renin release from kidney C. Adaptation of blood vessels to reduced cardiac output D. Less noradrenaline release from sympathetic nerve endings

Description : All of the following contribute to the antihypertensive action of propranolol except: A. Direct vasodilatation B. Decreased renin release from kidney C. Adaptation of blood vessels to reduced cardiac output D. Less noradrenaline release from sympathetic nerve endings

Last Answer : A. Direct vasodilatation

Prazosin is an effective antihypertensive while nonselective α adrenergic blockers are not because: A. It is the only orally active α blocker B. It improves plasma lipid profile C. It does not concurrently enhance noradrenaline release D. It improves urine flow in males with prostatic hypertrophy

Description : Prazosin is an effective antihypertensive while nonselective α adrenergic blockers are not because: A. It is the only orally active α blocker B. It improves plasma lipid profile C. It does not concurrently enhance noradrenaline release D. It improves urine flow in males with prostatic hypertrophy

Last Answer : C. It does not concurrently enhance noradrenaline release

While undergoing a surgical procedure a patient develops hypotension. Which drug can be injected intramuscularly to raise his BP: A. Noradrenaline B. Isoprenaline C. Mephentermine D. Isoxsuprine

Description : While undergoing a surgical procedure a patient develops hypotension. Which drug can be injected intramuscularly to raise his BP: A. Noradrenaline B. Isoprenaline C. Mephentermine D. Isoxsuprine

Last Answer : C. Mephentermine

Which pressor agent acts directly as well as indirectly and produces both vasoconstriction and cardiac stimulation: A. Phenylephrine B. Methoxamine C. Noradrenaline D. Mephentermine

Description : Which pressor agent acts directly as well as indirectly and produces both vasoconstriction and cardiac stimulation: A. Phenylephrine B. Methoxamine C. Noradrenaline D. Mephentermine

Last Answer : D. Mephentermine

Noradrenaline is administered by: A. Subcutaneous injection B. Intramuscular injection C. Slow intravenous infusion D. All of the above routes

Description : Noradrenaline is administered by: A. Subcutaneous injection B. Intramuscular injection C. Slow intravenous infusion D. All of the above routes

Last Answer : C. Slow intravenous infusion

A sympathomimetic amine that acts almost exclusively by releasing noradrenaline from the nerve endings is: A. Ephedrine B. Dopamine C. Isoprenaline D. Tyramine

Description : A sympathomimetic amine that acts almost exclusively by releasing noradrenaline from the nerve endings is: A. Ephedrine B. Dopamine C. Isoprenaline D. Tyramine

Last Answer : D. Tyramine

The principal process which terminates the action of noradrenaline released from adrenergic nerve ending is: A. Degradation by MAO B. Methylation by COMT C. Axonal uptake D. Extraneuronal uptake

Description : The principal process which terminates the action of noradrenaline released from adrenergic nerve ending is: A. Degradation by MAO B. Methylation by COMT C. Axonal uptake D. Extraneuronal uptake

Last Answer : C. Axonal uptake

The following type/types of noradrenaline uptake is blocked by reserpine: A. Axonal uptake B. Granular uptake C. Extraneuronal uptake D. All of the above

Description : The following type/types of noradrenaline uptake is blocked by reserpine: A. Axonal uptake B. Granular uptake C. Extraneuronal uptake D. All of the above

Last Answer : B. Granular uptake

Tyramine induces release of noradrenaline from adrenergic nerve endings: A. By depolarizing the axonal membrane B. By mobilizing Ca2+ C. By a nonexocytotic process D. Only in the presence of MAO inhibitors

Description : Tyramine induces release of noradrenaline from adrenergic nerve endings: A. By depolarizing the axonal membrane B. By mobilizing Ca2+ C. By a nonexocytotic process D. Only in the presence of MAO inhibitors

Last Answer : C. By a nonexocytotic process

The rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis of catecholamines is: A. Tyrosine hydroxylase B. Dopa decarboxylase C. Dopamine β-hydroxylase D. Noradrenaline N-methyl transferase

Description : The rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis of catecholamines is: A. Tyrosine hydroxylase B. Dopa decarboxylase C. Dopamine β-hydroxylase D. Noradrenaline N-methyl transferase

Last Answer : A. Tyrosine hydroxylase

The following biogenic amine is not actively taken up into its storage site by an active amine pump: A. Histamine B. 5-Hydroxy tryptamine C. Dopamine D. Noradrenaline

Description : The following biogenic amine is not actively taken up into its storage site by an active amine pump: A. Histamine B. 5-Hydroxy tryptamine C. Dopamine D. Noradrenaline

Last Answer : A. Histamine

All of the following contribute to the antihypertensive action of propranolol except: A. Direct vasodilatation B. Decreased renin release from kidney C. Adaptation of blood vessels to reduced cardiac output D. Less noradrenaline release from sympathetic nerve endings

Description : All of the following contribute to the antihypertensive action of propranolol except: A. Direct vasodilatation B. Decreased renin release from kidney C. Adaptation of blood vessels to reduced cardiac output D. Less noradrenaline release from sympathetic nerve endings

Last Answer : A. Direct vasodilatation

Prazosin is an effective antihypertensive while nonselective α adrenergic blockers are not because: A. It is the only orally active α blocker B. It improves plasma lipid profile C. It does not concurrently enhance noradrenaline release D. It improves urine flow in males with prostatic hypertrophy

Description : Prazosin is an effective antihypertensive while nonselective α adrenergic blockers are not because: A. It is the only orally active α blocker B. It improves plasma lipid profile C. It does not concurrently enhance noradrenaline release D. It improves urine flow in males with prostatic hypertrophy

Last Answer : C. It does not concurrently enhance noradrenaline release