Explain the criteria for selection of construction materials for different civil engineering Structures on basis of their strength and durability

1 Answer

Answer :

The material must be selected for their ability to support the loads imposed by the building over the whole life of the building. An appropriate structural system and correct selection of structural materials can reduce excess material use and waste and increase the building adaptability for other uses. Highly durable material may provide the most sustainable solution if it reduces maintenance or replacement requirements but a material should also be appropriate to the expected life of the building. The construction material should have sufficient strength to carry the prescribed load.

Related questions

Description : Describe the factors for selection of construction materials on the basis of strength. 

Last Answer : Material must be selected for their ability to support the loads imposed by the building over the whole life of the building. An appropriate structural system and correct selection of ... replacement requirement, but the material should also be appropriate for expected life of the building.

Description : State the materials for different civil engineering structures. 

Last Answer : 1. Natural materials- Stone,Sand,Timber etc.. 2. Artificial materials- Brick, Tile, Cement etc. 3. Special materials- Fibre, Bitumen etc. 4. Finishing materials- POP, Wall Cladding etc.  5. Recycled materials- Fly Ash, Rice Husk etc.

Description : State the factors affecting selection of construction materials.

Last Answer : Following are the various factors being considered for selection of construction material. 1) Prescribed load: It is a design load which can be taken by the construction material. The ... the eco-system of environment and the required material should be eco-friendly or environmentally friendly.

Description : Describe the selection criteria for selecting stone for face work of building. 

Last Answer : 1. Appearance: Stone to be used for construction should be decent in appearance and have uniform colour 2. Durability: A Good building stone should be durable i.e. it should resist atmospheric action ... it should not catch fire easily. 8. Seasoning: Stones should be well seasoned before use.

Description : State the role of civil engineer in the field of Environmental Engineering.

Last Answer : The civil engineer plays an important role in Environmental Engineering in the following ways: 1. Sensible use of water, land, and air so that the environmental pollution and degradation is ... , designing, construction of water and waste water treatment plants, and disposal of solid waste.

Description : State the role of civil engineering in human life

Last Answer : The Civil Engineering plays an important role in human life in the following ways: 1. Designing and construction of infrastructure 2. Includes roads, bridges, dams, canals, buildings, water supply ... 4. Water supply for drinking, agriculture, waste disposal etc. is also done by civil engineers.

Description : State the role of civil engineer in the field of transportation engineering.

Last Answer : Role of civil engineer in the field of transportation engineering. 1. To maintain safety, adequacy and economy in the means of transport for the need of society. 2. Civil engineer work ... . Remote areas and rural areas become accessible and communicable if connected by proper means of transport.

Description : Describe the scope of construction material in environmental engineering. 

Last Answer : The goal of environmental engineering is to ensure the community development and the sensible use of water, land and air resources to make them sustainable. This goal is achieved by managing ... , artificial sand , waterproofing and damp proofing material of required quality and quantity is used.

Description : State the materials required for irrigation structures in general. 

Last Answer : 1) Cement 2) Aggregate 3) Sand 4) Soil 5) Brick 6) Fly Ash 7) Tiles 8) Stones 9) Steel 10) Bitumen etc. 

Description : Explain why you need agro and industrial waste as a construction materials. 

Last Answer : 1. To maintain ecosystem. 2. To reduce / control pollution. 3. To reduce the cost of construction material. 4. To improve the required properties in construction materials like light weight product, ... 5. To solve the problem of industry waste disposal. 6. To conserve the natural resources. 

Description : State the factors on which the selection of type of materials depend. 

Last Answer : Factors for selection of materials. 1. Carry prescribed loads: The most significant requirement of a material used in civil engineering project is that it should be able to carry the design loads ... such as floor coverings, paints, and doors and window are chosen based on aesthetic consideration.

Description : State the two uses of the following construction materials: i) Hollow blocks ii) Pavement blocks 

Last Answer : i) Hollow Blocks: a) Used for external load bearing walls, b) Panel walls, c) Columns, d) Retaining Walls e) Compound Walls, f) Used for sound insulation g) It Keeps the house cool in summer ... give pleasant look d) Petrol pumps e) gardens f) Airports g) Kids play area h) Jogging tracks

Description : State the uses (two each) of the following construction materials: i) Soda lime glass ii) Ferrous metal

Last Answer : i) Soda lime glass: a) Used in window and plate glass b) Glass blocks c) Bottles d) Inexpensive table wares e) Fluorescent and incandescent light bulbs ii) Ferrous metal: a) CI (Cast Iron) ... GI sheets f) Carbon steel is used for making tools g) Weld meshes are used for partition and fencing

Description : Give properties and uses of ceramic materials in construction.

Last Answer : Properties: 1. It is hard. 2. It is bristle. 3. It is in the form of amorphous (non-crystalline) 4. The structure is glassy. 5. It is insulator thermally & electrically. 6. It is ... porcelain. 6. For making POP. 7. For making electric. 8. For Manufacturing of sanitary wares, pavers. 

Description : Enlist any two natural and artificial construction materials.

Last Answer : Natural construction materials- Stone, Timber, Lime , Soil Artificial Construction Materials – Bricks, Tiles, Cement, Aggregate, Artificial Sand, Plywood and Glass

Description : List any four artificial construction materials.

Last Answer : Artificial construction materials. 1. Cement. 2. Brick. 3. Concrete. 4. Mortar. 5. Tiles. 6. Glass

Description : Enlist the different sound insulating materials and also state their suitability. 

Last Answer : Different sound insulating materials: 1) Asbestos , 2) rock wool , 3)glass ,4)silk, 5)Han felt 6) Mineral wool boards, 7)cane fibers. 8) Acoustical plaster boards and tiles 9 ... tiles and acoustic plaster are suitable where absorption of sound required from tile to tile should be uniform.

Description : Explain about Agro waste material. State its importance in construction.

Last Answer : Waste materials produced from agricultural byproducts such as coconut shells, sugarcane bagasse, straw, rice husk, coconut fibers, coconut and areca nut tree trunks, coconut leaves etc. are known ... floor tiles, brushes, mattresses j) Mixed with cement mortar which increases the impact strength

Description : Draw cross section of timber. Give any four engineering properties of timber.

Last Answer : Properties of Timber: 1. Appearance: A Freshly cut timber should have shining appearance 2. Colour: The Colour of the timber should be dark. Light colour of timber indicates low strength. ... : Good timber should be free from defects 10. Texture: The texture of timber should be even

Description : List any four applications of Irrigation engineering

Last Answer : The applications of irrigation engineering are: 1. Construction of dams, canals, spillways etc. 2. Supplying Water for Agriculture, Drinking Etc. 3. Irrigation engineering also deals with the ... during the periods of less rainfall or during summer when water is not available in abundance

Description : Explain about geo synthetics materials. Mention application of it

Last Answer : Geosynthetics are man-made materials used to improve soil condition. Geo means earth or soil and synthetics means man made. Geo grids, geo textiles, geomembranes, geo cells are some of the ... hill sides. h) Reinforced soil- soil walls, bridge abutments, culverts, bridges, soil arches

Description : State the applications of soils as a construction material. 

Last Answer : Soil is naturally obtained from disintegration of rocks when they are exposed to atmosphere by weathering agents like sun, wind, rain, frost etc. Applications of Soil : Soil is used as construction and ... is used in manufacturing of bricks and tiles. Sand from soil is used in filter bed.  

Description : Suggest the type of cement used for the following : (i) For modular construction where form work needs to be removed early for re-use. . (ii) Mass concreting such as construction of dam. (iii) Decorative works in external surfaces of building. (iv) Cementing the oil well.

Last Answer : i) For modular construction where form work needs to be removed early for reuse. – Rapid Hardening Cement ii) Mass concreting such as construction of dam. – Low heat cement. iii) Decorative works in external surfaces of building – Coloured cement. iv) Cementing the oil well. – Oil Well Cement. 

Description : State various thermal insulating materials. State any two properties of insulating material

Last Answer : Thermal insulating materials: 1) Asbestos 2) Aluminum Foil 3) Thermocol 4) Saw dust 5) Cork board slabs 6) Foam glass 7) Rock Wool 8) Glass Wool 9) ... . h) Presence of Moisture: with the increase in moisture content, the coefficient of thermal conductivity rises greatly

Description : What do you mean by eco-friendly building materials? State any two properties of it.

Last Answer : Eco-friendly means earth-friendly or not harmful to the environment. This term most commonly refers to products that contribute to green living or practices that help conserve resources like water and ... It reduces air pollution, land pollution & water pollution. 7. It is locally available. 

Description : What are the properties of sound insulating materials?

Last Answer : Properties of sound insulating materials: 1. It should be light in weight 2. Easy to handle and fix 3. It should be resistant to attack termite and insect 4. It should have low density and porous texture 5. It should be fire resistance 6. It should be moisture resistance

Description : Describe the broad classification of materials.

Last Answer : Materials can be classified into following types: 1) Natural materials 2) Recycled materials 3) Artificial materials 4) Special materials 5) Finishing materials 1) Natural construction ... and roofing. Varies types of tiles are available in market like Vitrified, Shahabad, Mosaic etc 

Description : State the Properties of thermal insulating materials.

Last Answer : Properties of thermal insulating materials: 1) Thermal insulating should be bio resistant and dry. 2) Thermal resistant should be chemically resistant and fire proof. 3) Thermal resisting ... in the moisture content in the material, the coefficient of thermal conductivity rises greatly.

Description : List the materials used for water proofing.

Last Answer : Following materials are used for water proofing Water proofing materials based on bitumen and tar binders are 1) Emulsions and pastes 2) Mastics . Hot and Cold Mastics  Bitumen , ... ) Coated impregnated roll materials ii) Non Coated impregnated cardboard rolled materials 4) Sealing materials

Description : State situations where sound insulating and damp proofing materials are used. 

Last Answer : Situations where sound insulating materials are used: 1) Glass, mineral wool mats, are used as sound insulators as solid inner layers underneath floors, 2) Wood fibre and asbestos cement slabs are used ... in toilet floors of upper story, so that no dampness will occur in slab below that floor.

Description : State suitability of: (i) Water proofing materials and (ii) Sound insulating materials

Last Answer : i) Suitability of water proofing materials: 1. Concrete, Bricks, Stones, plaster have tendency to get deteriorate, hence leakage of water may occur in slab, beam, columns. Bitumen and tars ... noise. 6) Acoustic tiles and acoustic plaster are suitable where absorption of sound is required.

Description : Explain various types of clays with their suitability.

Last Answer : Types of clays are: 1. Refractory clay (Terra cotta clay): This clay is highly disperse and very plastic. This clay contains high percent of alumina. Uses: Used to manufacturing of ... possessing a high degree of tenacity & plasticity. Uses:Manufacturing of glazed pottery, porcelain. 

Description : Explain various types of tiles based on their use 

Last Answer : 1. Natural tile: These types of tiles are produced from natural materials that are quarried, finished and cut to size. Common types of stones used as flooring tiles include granite, marble, ... acquire the desire print or colour after manufacturing. They are famous inthe name of galicha tiles. 

Description : The deleterious materials present in the aggregate (a) Prevent normal hydration of cement (b) Reduce the strength and durability of concrete. (c) Modify the setting action and cause efloresecence. (d) All of the above

Last Answer : (d) All of the above

Description : What are the different types of aggregates ?

Last Answer : Aggregate are divided into two categories: 1. Coarse Aggregate: The size of aggregate bigger than 4.75mm is considered as Coarse Aggregate. a) Crushed stone particles. b) Brick bats c) Slag 2. Fine ... Aggregate.  a) River sand. b) Sea sand. c) Pit sand d) Artificial crushed stone sand. 

Description : Explain defects in timber with neat labeled sketches

Last Answer : a) Knots: These are the bases of branches which are broken off from the tree. This occurs because of improper cutting of tree. b) Shakes: These are cracks in the timber which appear due to excessive frost or ... of timber f) Bow: This is bending along the longer side of timber.

Description : Explain the method by which waterproofing of existing old slab can be done.

Last Answer : i) Clean the slab ii) Expose cracks by tools and make them V' shaped. iii) Fill mix of cement mortar iv) Fill brick bats and sand over the slab v) Sprinkle cement slurry and paste of water proofing ... tiles over the layer of cement mortar 1:3 vii) Cure it for 3 days and slab is water proof.

Description : Explain two properties and two uses of sand.

Last Answer : Properties: a) It is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles. b) It is obtained by dredging of river, hence harmful for the ecosystem. Uses of sand: ... ) Manufacture of bricks d) Used in filtration of water e) Used to make casts.

Description : Explain the manufacturing process of hydraulic lime. 

Last Answer : 1. Burning of impure limestone / kankar containing clay containing less than 30 %. With coal or charcoal as fuel. 2. If soft limestone is used, it is powdered, mixed with clay in right proportion & ... long as it is protected from air & moisture. After slaking it should be used within a week. 

Description : Explain the process of distempering

Last Answer : Process of Distempering: The application of distemper is carried out in the following way 1. Surface Preparation: The surface to receive the distemper is thoroughly rubbed and cleaned. New plastered ... plastered walls, distempers should be applied in two or three coats over coat of primer.  

Description : Define lime mortar. Explain its Properties.

Last Answer : Lime Mortar:-Lime Mortar is a paste prepared by adding required quantity of water to a mixture of lime and fine aggregate like sand. Properties of Lime Mortar : 1)It should be capable of ... not develop cracks and they should be able  To maintain their appearance for a sufficiently long period.

Description : Define seasoning of timber. Explain artificial seasoning with sketch.

Last Answer : Definition of seasoning:  Seasoning is process by which moisture content in freshly cut tree is reduced to a suitable level. Artificial seasoning: 1.Boiling - In this method timber is immersed in ... has been tried in some plywood industries but not in seasoning of timber on mass scale.

Description : Explain various types of Cement and also state the uses.

Last Answer : Following are the various types of cement: 1.Ordinary Portland Cement:-  This Cement is the basic Portland cement and is used in general for most of the construction work. this cement is used at situations ... agent to the ordinary cement. Uses: It is used for making pre cast products.

Description : Enlist the methods of quarrying and explain any one in brief.

Last Answer : The process of taking out stones from natural rock beds is known as quarrying of Stones. Methods of Quarrying of Stones: -  1.Digging  2.Heating  3.Wedging  4.Blasting  1. Digging ... Large blocks of stones are obtained by using blasting powder but small blocks are obtained by using dynamite.

Description : Explain the manufacturing of burnt clay brick.

Last Answer : Manufacturing of Burnt Clay Brick consists of a) Preparation of clay. B) Moulding c) Drying d) Burning. a) Preparation of Clay: Unsoiling of clay consists of removal or vegetations and ... the bricks are stacked without any fuel and burnt from fire places and produces better quality of bricks.

Description : Define lime and explain manufacturing of lime by continuous kiln with neat sketch.

Last Answer : Lime: The moisture and carbon dioxide are removed from the limestone by the process of calcination and the product which is remained after removing the moisture and carbon dioxide is termed as lime. The ... with as of fuel. Its thermal efficiency is however higher than of other furnaces.

Description : Explain with neat sketch patterns provided in the dressing of trap stone.

Last Answer : Following Patterns are provided in the dressing of stones 1. Hammer Dressing: In this case, stone blocks are roughly made rectangular by means of wallers hammer. The exposed face is roughly shaped by a ... , most of the projections are removed and it gives fine surface to the stone face.   

Description : Explain defects in timber with neat sketch.

Last Answer : Types of Defects in timber are grouped into the following divisions. The main natural forces responsible for causing defects in timber are abnormal growth and rapture of tissues. 1. Knots: Bases of ... gall indicates abnormal growth and peculiar curved swellings found on the body of a tree.  

Description : If you select a monitor in your class, which criteria will be followed by you in this selection? Options: A) On the basis of democratic(Through election) B) On the basis of physical make-up C) On the basis of superiority in the class D) On the basis of personal preference

Last Answer : A) On the basis of democratic(Through election) 

Description : Which of the following is the major consideration to evolve a good design ? (a) Cost (b) Durability (c) Compliance with performance criteria as laid down in specifications (d) All of the above

Last Answer : (d) All of the above