Explain defects in timber with neat labeled sketches

Explain defects in timber with neat labeled sketches
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Answer :

a) Knots: These are the bases of branches which are broken off from the tree. This occurs because of improper cutting of tree.

b) Shakes: These are cracks in the timber which appear due to excessive frost or twisting due to wind during growth of tree.

c) Wind cracks: If wood is exposed to atmospheric agencies, its exterior surface shrinks which results in cracks

d) Twist and wrap: Twist is when a timber is spirally distorted along its length. Warp is twisting out of shape.

e) Cup: This is curvature formed along the transverse direction of timber

f) Bow: This is bending along the longer side of timber.

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