Explain the effects of following chemical elements on iron. 1) Chromium 2) Nickel 3) Silicon.

Explain the effects of following chemical elements on iron. 1) Chromium 2) Nickel 3) Silicon.
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Answer :

Effect on Iron: 

1) chromium: Cr increases the hardenability of steel while there is a minimal effect on the ductility. Cr is normally added to steel for increasing oxidation resistance, and for improving high temperature strength. Corrosion resistance of Cr steels increases sharply at a Cr level of greater than 12 %. 

2) nickel: It increases steel strength, impact strength and toughness. It also improves toughness at low temperatures when added in small amounts. ... Ni is heat resistant, and when combined with steel, it increases the heat resistance of that steel. 

3) silicon: silicon is the most important alloyant because it forces carbon out of solution. ... The carbon in the form of graphite results in a softer iron, reduces shrinkage, lowers strength, and decreases density.
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