An 'orphan drug' is: A. A very cheap drug B. A drug which has no therapeutic use C. A drug needed for treatment or prevention of a rare disease D. A drug which acts on Orphanin receptors

An 'orphan drug' is: A. A very cheap drug B. A drug which has no therapeutic use C. A drug needed for treatment or prevention of a rare disease D. A drug which acts on Orphanin receptors
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C. A drug needed for treatment or prevention of a rare disease
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An 'orphan drug' is: A. A very cheap drug B. A drug which has no therapeutic use C. A drug needed for treatment or prevention of a rare disease D. A drug which acts on Orphanin receptors

Description : An 'orphan drug' is: A. A very cheap drug B. A drug which has no therapeutic use C. A drug needed for treatment or prevention of a rare disease D. A drug which acts on Orphanin receptors

Last Answer : C. A drug needed for treatment or prevention of a rare disease

‘Drug efficacy’ refers to: A. The range of diseases in which the drug is beneficial B. The maximal intensity of response that can be produced by the drug C. The dose of the drug needed to produce half maximal effect D. The dose of the drug needed to produce therapeutic effect

Description : ‘Drug efficacy’ refers to: A. The range of diseases in which the drug is beneficial B. The maximal intensity of response that can be produced by the drug C. The dose of the drug needed to produce half maximal effect D. The dose of the drug needed to produce therapeutic effect

Last Answer : B. The maximal intensity of response that can be produced by the drug

‘Drug efficacy’ refers to: A. The range of diseases in which the drug is beneficial B. The maximal intensity of response that can be produced by the drug C. The dose of the drug needed to produce half maximal effect D. The dose of the drug needed to produce therapeutic effect

Description : ‘Drug efficacy’ refers to: A. The range of diseases in which the drug is beneficial B. The maximal intensity of response that can be produced by the drug C. The dose of the drug needed to produce half maximal effect D. The dose of the drug needed to produce therapeutic effect

Last Answer : B. The maximal intensity of response that can be produced by the drug

The side effect of a drug which has been used as a therapeutic effect in another condition is: A. Constipation caused by codeine B. Cough caused by captopril C. Uterine stimulation caused by quinine D. Diarrhoea caused by ampicillin

Description : The side effect of a drug which has been used as a therapeutic effect in another condition is: A. Constipation caused by codeine B. Cough caused by captopril C. Uterine stimulation caused by quinine D. Diarrhoea caused by ampicillin

Last Answer : A. Constipation caused by codeine

An undesirable effect of a drug that occurs at therapeutic doses and can be predicted from its pharmacological actions is called: A. Side effect B. Toxic effect C. Allergic reaction D. Idiosyncrasy

Description : An undesirable effect of a drug that occurs at therapeutic doses and can be predicted from its pharmacological actions is called: A. Side effect B. Toxic effect C. Allergic reaction D. Idiosyncrasy

Last Answer : A. Side effect

The therapeutic index of a drug is a measure of its: A. Safety B. Potency C. Efficacy D. Dose variability

Description : The therapeutic index of a drug is a measure of its: A. Safety B. Potency C. Efficacy D. Dose variability

Last Answer : A. Safety

Higher efficacy of a drug necessarily confers: A. Greater safety B. Therapeutic superiority C. Capacity to produce more intense response D. Cost saving

Description : Higher efficacy of a drug necessarily confers: A. Greater safety B. Therapeutic superiority C. Capacity to produce more intense response D. Cost saving

Last Answer : C. Capacity to produce more intense response

The side effect of a drug which has been used as a therapeutic effect in another condition is: A. Constipation caused by codeine B. Cough caused by captopril C. Uterine stimulation caused by quinine D. Diarrhoea caused by ampicillin

Description : The side effect of a drug which has been used as a therapeutic effect in another condition is: A. Constipation caused by codeine B. Cough caused by captopril C. Uterine stimulation caused by quinine D. Diarrhoea caused by ampicillin

Last Answer : A. Constipation caused by codeine

An undesirable effect of a drug that occurs at therapeutic doses and can be predicted from its pharmacological actions is called: A. Side effect B. Toxic effect C. Allergic reaction D. Idiosyncrasy

Description : An undesirable effect of a drug that occurs at therapeutic doses and can be predicted from its pharmacological actions is called: A. Side effect B. Toxic effect C. Allergic reaction D. Idiosyncrasy

Last Answer : A. Side effect

The therapeutic index of a drug is a measure of its: A. Safety B. Potency C. Efficacy D. Dose variability

Description : The therapeutic index of a drug is a measure of its: A. Safety B. Potency C. Efficacy D. Dose variability

Last Answer : A. Safety

Higher efficacy of a drug necessarily confers: A. Greater safety B. Therapeutic superiority C. Capacity to produce more intense response D. Cost saving

Description : Higher efficacy of a drug necessarily confers: A. Greater safety B. Therapeutic superiority C. Capacity to produce more intense response D. Cost saving

Last Answer : C. Capacity to produce more intense response

When therapeutic effects decline both below and above a narrow range of doses, a drug is said to exhibit: A. Ceiling effect B. Desensitization C. Therapeutic window phenomenon D. Nonreceptor mediated action

Description : When therapeutic effects decline both below and above a narrow range of doses, a drug is said to exhibit: A. Ceiling effect B. Desensitization C. Therapeutic window phenomenon D. Nonreceptor mediated action

Last Answer : C. Therapeutic window phenomenon

Study of drug-receptor interaction has now shown that: A. Maximal response occurs only when all receptors are occupied by the drug B. Drugs exert an ‘all or none’ action on a receptor C. Receptor and drugs acting on it have rigid complementary ‘lock and key’ structural features D. Properties of ‘affinity’ and ‘intrinsic activity’ are independently variable

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Last Answer : D. Properties of ‘affinity’ and ‘intrinsic activity’ are independently variable

What is true in relation to drug receptors: A. All drugs act through specific receptors B. All drug receptors are located on the surface of the target cells C. Agonists induce a conformational change in the receptor D. Partial agonists have low affinity for the receptor

Description : What is true in relation to drug receptors: A. All drugs act through specific receptors B. All drug receptors are located on the surface of the target cells C. Agonists induce a conformational change in the receptor D. Partial agonists have low affinity for the receptor

Last Answer : C. Agonists induce a conformational change in the receptoR

Study of drug-receptor interaction has now shown that: A. Maximal response occurs only when all receptors are occupied by the drug B. Drugs exert an ‘all or none’ action on a receptor C. Receptor and drugs acting on it have rigid complementary ‘lock and key’ structural features D. Properties of ‘affinity’ and ‘intrinsic activity’ are independently variable

Description : Study of drug-receptor interaction has now shown that: A. Maximal response occurs only when all receptors are occupied by the drug B. Drugs exert an all or none' action on a ... lock and key' structural features D. Properties of affinity' and intrinsic activity' are independently variable

Last Answer : D. Properties of ‘affinity’ and ‘intrinsic activity’ are independently variable

What is true in relation to drug receptors: A. All drugs act through specific receptors B. All drug receptors are located on the surface of the target cells C. Agonists induce a conformational change in the receptor D. Partial agonists have low affinity for the receptor

Description : What is true in relation to drug receptors: A. All drugs act through specific receptors B. All drug receptors are located on the surface of the target cells C. Agonists induce a conformational change in the receptor D. Partial agonists have low affinity for the receptor

Last Answer : C. Agonists induce a conformational change in the receptor

Acetylcholine has no therapeutic application because: A. None of its actions are beneficial in any condition B. Its effects are transient C. It produces wide spread actions affecting many organs D. Both ‘B’ and ‘C’ are correct

Description : Acetylcholine has no therapeutic application because: A. None of its actions are beneficial in any condition B. Its effects are transient C. It produces wide spread actions affecting many organs D. Both ‘B’ and ‘C’ are correct

Last Answer : D. Both ‘B’ and ‘C’ are correct

The site of action of miotics for therapeutic effect in angle closure glaucoma is: A. Canal of Schlemm B. Ciliary body C. Ciliary muscle D. Sphincter pupillae muscle

Description : The site of action of miotics for therapeutic effect in angle closure glaucoma is: A. Canal of Schlemm B. Ciliary body C. Ciliary muscle D. Sphincter pupillae muscle

Last Answer : D. Sphincter pupillae muscle

Which of the following drugs exhibits ‘therapeutic window’ phenomenon: A. Captopril B. Furosemide C. Diazepam D. Imipramine

Description : Which of the following drugs exhibits ‘therapeutic window’ phenomenon: A. Captopril B. Furosemide C. Diazepam D. Imipramine

Last Answer : D. Imipramine

The following statement is not true of ‘potency’ of a drug: A. Refers to the dose of the drug needed to produce a certain degree of response B. Can be related to that of its congeners by the relative position of its dose-response curve on the dose axis C. It is often not a major consideration in the choice of a drug D. It reflects the capacity of the drug to produce a drastic response

Description : The following statement is not true of potency' of a drug: A. Refers to the dose of the drug needed to produce a certain degree of response B. Can be related to that of its congeners by ... consideration in the choice of a drug D. It reflects the capacity of the drug to produce a drastic response

Last Answer : D. It reflects the capacity of the drug to produce a drastic response

The following statement is not true of ‘potency’ of a drug: A. Refers to the dose of the drug needed to produce a certain degree of response B. Can be related to that of its congeners by the relative position of its dose-response curve on the dose axis C. It is often not a major consideration in the choice of a drug D. It reflects the capacity of the drug to produce a drastic response

Description : The following statement is not true of potency' of a drug: A. Refers to the dose of the drug needed to produce a certain degree of response B. Can be related to that of its congeners by ... consideration in the choice of a drug D. It reflects the capacity of the drug to produce a drastic response

Last Answer : D. It reflects the capacity of the drug to produce a drastic response

Muscarinic cholinergic receptors: A. Are located only on parasympathetically innervated effector cells B. Mediate responses by opening an intrinsic Na+ ion channel C. Are present on vascular endothelium which has no cholinergic nerve supply D. Predominate in the autonomic ganglia

Description : Muscarinic cholinergic receptors: A. Are located only on parasympathetically innervated effector cells B. Mediate responses by opening an intrinsic Na+ ion channel C. Are present on vascular endothelium which has no cholinergic nerve supply D. Predominate in the autonomic ganglia

Last Answer : C. Are present on vascular endothelium which has no cholinergic nerve supply

The following statement is true in relation to ‘drug toxicity’ and ‘poisoning’: A. The two terms are synonymous B. When a toxic effect requires specific treatment, it is called poisoning C. A toxic effect which endangers life by markedly affecting vital functions is called poisoning D. Toxicity is caused by drugs while poisoning is caused by other harmful chemicals

Description : The following statement is true in relation to drug toxicity' and poisoning': A. The two terms are synonymous B. When a toxic effect requires specific treatment, it is called poisoning C. ... is called poisoning D. Toxicity is caused by drugs while poisoning is caused by other harmful chemicals

Last Answer : C. A toxic effect which endangers life by markedly affecting vital functions is called poisoning

The following statement is true in relation to ‘drug toxicity’ and ‘poisoning’: A. The two terms are synonymous B. When a toxic effect requires specific treatment, it is called poisoning C. A toxic effect which endangers life by markedly affecting vital functions is called poisoning D. Toxicity is caused by drugs while poisoning is caused by other harmful chemicals

Description : The following statement is true in relation to drug toxicity' and poisoning': A. The two terms are synonymous B. When a toxic effect requires specific treatment, it is called poisoning C. ... is called poisoning D. Toxicity is caused by drugs while poisoning is caused by other harmful chemicals

Last Answer : C. A toxic effect which endangers life by markedly affecting vital functions is called poisoning

Which racial difference in response to drugs has been mentioned incorrectly below: A. Africans require higher concentration of atropine to dilate pupils B. Black races are more responsive to antihypertensive action of beta blockers C. Japanese are more prone to develop SMON due to halogenated hydroxyquinolines D. Chloramphenicol induced aplastic anaemia is rare among Indians

Description : Which racial difference in response to drugs has been mentioned incorrectly below: A. Africans require higher concentration of atropine to dilate pupils B. Black races are more responsive ... SMON due to halogenated hydroxyquinolines D. Chloramphenicol induced aplastic anaemia is rare among Indians

Last Answer : B. Black races are more responsive to antihypertensive action of beta blockers

Though bromocriptine acts directly on dopamine receptors, it is used in parkinsonism only as a supplement to levodopa because: A. It has low efficacy B. It produces marked dyskinesias C. Used alone, its effective doses produce intolerable side effects D. Its therapeutic effect takes long time to develop

Description : Though bromocriptine acts directly on dopamine receptors, it is used in parkinsonism only as a supplement to levodopa because: A. It has low efficacy B. It produces marked dyskinesias C. ... its effective doses produce intolerable side effects D. Its therapeutic effect takes long time to develop

Last Answer : C. Used alone, its effective doses produce intolerable side effect

Down regulation of receptors can occur as a consequence of: A. Continuous use of agonists B. Continuous use of antagonists C. Chronic use of CNS depressants D. Denervation

Description : Down regulation of receptors can occur as a consequence of: A. Continuous use of agonists B. Continuous use of antagonists C. Chronic use of CNS depressants D. Denervation

Last Answer : A. Continuous use of agonists

The antagonism between adrenaline and histamine is called ‘physiological antagonism’ because: A. Both are physiologically present in the body B. They act on physiological receptors C. Both affect many physiological processes D. They have opposite physiological effects

Description : The antagonism between adrenaline and histamine is called ‘physiological antagonism’ because: A. Both are physiologically present in the body B. They act on physiological receptors C. Both affect many physiological processes D. They have opposite physiological effects

Last Answer : D. They have opposite physiological effects

Drugs acting through receptors exhibit the following features except: A. Structural specificity B. High potency C. Competitive antagonism D. Dependence of action on lipophilicity

Description : Drugs acting through receptors exhibit the following features except: A. Structural specificity B. High potency C. Competitive antagonism D. Dependence of action on lipophilicity

Last Answer : D. Dependence of action on lipophilicity

Agonistic action on which of the following adrenergic receptors located on ciliary epithelial cells reduces aqueous secretion: A. β1 receptor B. β2 receptor C. α1 receptor D. α2 receptor

Description : Agonistic action on which of the following adrenergic receptors located on ciliary epithelial cells reduces aqueous secretion: A. β1 receptor B. β2 receptor C. α1 receptor D. α2 receptor

Last Answer : D. α2 receptor

Pyridostigmine differs from neostigmine in that: A. It is more potent orally B. It is longer acting C. It produces less muscarinic side effects D. It does not have any direct action on NM receptors

Description : Pyridostigmine differs from neostigmine in that: A. It is more potent orally B. It is longer acting C. It produces less muscarinic side effects D. It does not have any direct action on NM receptors

Last Answer : B. It is longer acting

The mechanism by which neostigmine improves contraction of myasthenic muscle involves: A. Repetitive binding of the acetylcholine molecules to the same receptors at the muscle endplate B. Diffusion of acetylcholine released from motor nerve endings to a wider area activating neighbouring receptors C. Activation of motor end-plate receptors by neostigmine molecules themselves D. All of the above

Description : The mechanism by which neostigmine improves contraction of myasthenic muscle involves: A. Repetitive binding of the acetylcholine molecules to the same receptors at the muscle endplate B. Diffusion of ... Activation of motor end-plate receptors by neostigmine molecules themselves D. All of the above

Last Answer : D. All of the above

Neostigmine is preferred over physostigmine for treating myasthenia gravis because: A. It is better absorbed orally B. It has longer duration of action C. It has additional direct agonistic action on nicotinic receptors at the muscle end plate D. It penetrates blood-brain barrier

Description : Neostigmine is preferred over physostigmine for treating myasthenia gravis because: A. It is better absorbed orally B. It has longer duration of action C. It has additional direct agonistic action on nicotinic receptors at the muscle end plate D. It penetrates blood-brain barrier

Last Answer : C. It has additional direct agonistic action on nicotinic receptors at the muscle end plate

The cardiac muscarinic receptors: A. Are of the M1 subtype B. Are of the M2 subtype C. Are selectively blocked by pirenzepine D. Function through the PIP2 → IP3/DAG pathway

Description : The cardiac muscarinic receptors: A. Are of the M1 subtype B. Are of the M2 subtype C. Are selectively blocked by pirenzepine D. Function through the PIP2 → IP3/DAG pathway

Last Answer : B. Are of the M2 subtype

The antagonism between adrenaline and histamine is called ‘physiological antagonism’ because: A. Both are physiologically present in the body B. They act on physiological receptors C. Both affect many physiological processes D. They have opposite physiological effects

Description : The antagonism between adrenaline and histamine is called ‘physiological antagonism’ because: A. Both are physiologically present in the body B. They act on physiological receptors C. Both affect many physiological processes D. They have opposite physiological effects

Last Answer : D. They have opposite physiological effects

Agonist induced autophosphorylation, internalization and down regulation is a distinctive feature of: A. G-protein coupled receptors B. Intrinsic ion channel containing receptors C. Tyrosine protein kinase receptors D. Receptors regulating gene expression

Description : Agonist induced autophosphorylation, internalization and down regulation is a distinctive feature of: A. G-protein coupled receptors B. Intrinsic ion channel containing receptors C. Tyrosine protein kinase receptors D. Receptors regulating gene expression

Last Answer : C. Tyrosine protein kinase receptors

Receptors perform the following function/functions: A. Ligand recognition B. Signal transduction C. Both ligand recognition and signal transduction D. Disposal of agonists and antagonists

Description : Receptors perform the following function/functions: A. Ligand recognition B. Signal transduction C. Both ligand recognition and signal transduction D. Disposal of agonists and antagonists

Last Answer : C. Both ligand recognition and signal transduction

Drugs acting through receptors exhibit the following features except: A. Structural specificity B. High potency C. Competitive antagonism D. Dependence of action on lipophilicity

Description : Drugs acting through receptors exhibit the following features except: A. Structural specificity B. High potency C. Competitive antagonism D. Dependence of action on lipophilicity

Last Answer : D. Dependence of action on lipophilicity

The plasma protein bound fraction of a drug: A. Contributes to the response at the given moment B. Remains constant irrespective of the total drug concentration C. Remains constant irrespective of the disease state D. Is not available for metabolism unless actively extracted by the liver

Description : The plasma protein bound fraction of a drug: A. Contributes to the response at the given moment B. Remains constant irrespective of the total drug concentration C. Remains constant irrespective of the disease state D. Is not available for metabolism unless actively extracted by the liver

Last Answer : D. Is not available for metabolism unless actively extracted by the liver

The plasma protein bound fraction of a drug: A. Contributes to the response at the given moment B. Remains constant irrespective of the total drug concentration C. Remains constant irrespective of the disease state D. Is not available for metabolism unless actively extracted by the liver

Description : The plasma protein bound fraction of a drug: A. Contributes to the response at the given moment B. Remains constant irrespective of the total drug concentration C. Remains constant irrespective of the disease state D. Is not available for metabolism unless actively extracted by the liver

Last Answer : D. Is not available for metabolism unless actively extracted by the liver

The plasma protein bound fraction of a drug: A. Contributes to the response at the given moment B. Remains constant irrespective of the total drug concentration C. Remains constant irrespective of the disease state D. Is not available for metabolism unless actively extracted by the liver

Description : The plasma protein bound fraction of a drug: A. Contributes to the response at the given moment B. Remains constant irrespective of the total drug concentration C. Remains constant irrespective of the disease state D. Is not available for metabolism unless actively extracted by the liver

Last Answer : D. Is not available for metabolism unless actively extracted by the liver

Timolol eye drops are preferred over pilocarpine eye drops by glaucoma patients because: A. Timolol is more effective than pilocarpine B. Timolol acts by enhancing uveo-scleral outflow C. Timolol produces less ocular side effects D. There are no contraindications to timolol

Description : Timolol eye drops are preferred over pilocarpine eye drops by glaucoma patients because: A. Timolol is more effective than pilocarpine B. Timolol acts by enhancing uveo-scleral outflow C. Timolol produces less ocular side effects D. There are no contraindications to timolol

Last Answer : C. Timolol produces less ocular side effects

Which of the following drugs acts by inhibiting an enzyme in the body: A. Atropine B. Allopurinol C. Levodopa D. Metoclopramide

Description : Which of the following drugs acts by inhibiting an enzyme in the body: A. Atropine B. Allopurinol C. Levodopa D. Metoclopramide

Last Answer : B. Allopurinol

An addicting drug which produces little or no physical dependence is: A. Diazepam B. Phenobarbitone C. Amphetamine D. Methadone

Description : An addicting drug which produces little or no physical dependence is: A. Diazepam B. Phenobarbitone C. Amphetamine D. Methadone

Last Answer : C. Amphetamine

A drug ‘R’ producing no response by itself causes the log dose-response curve of another drug ‘S’ to shift to the right in a parallel manner without decreasing the maximal response: Drug ‘R’ is a: A. Partial agonist B. Inverse agonist C. Competitive antagonist D. Noncompetitive antagonist

Description : A drug ‘R’ producing no response by itself causes the log dose-response curve of another drug ‘S’ to shift to the right in a parallel manner without decreasing the maximal response: Drug ‘R’ is a: A. Partial agonist B. Inverse agonist C. Competitive antagonist D. Noncompetitive antagonist

Last Answer : C. Competitive antagonist

An addicting drug which produces little or no physical dependence is: A. Diazepam B. Phenobarbitone C. Amphetamine D. Methadone

Description : An addicting drug which produces little or no physical dependence is: A. Diazepam B. Phenobarbitone C. Amphetamine D. Methadone

Last Answer : C. Amphetamine

A drug ‘R’ producing no response by itself causes the log dose-response curve of another drug ‘S’ to shift to the right in a parallel manner without decreasing the maximal response: Drug ‘R’ is a: A. Partial agonist B. Inverse agonist C. Competitive antagonist D. Noncompetitive antagonist

Description : A drug ‘R’ producing no response by itself causes the log dose-response curve of another drug ‘S’ to shift to the right in a parallel manner without decreasing the maximal response: Drug ‘R’ is a: A. Partial agonist B. Inverse agonist C. Competitive antagonist D. Noncompetitive antagonist

Last Answer : C. Competitive antagonist

Which of the following constitutes ‘drug abuse’: A. Physician prescribed use of penicillin G for the cure of viral fever B. Self administration of aspirin to relieve headache C. Repeated self administration of morphine to derive euphoria D. All of the above

Description : Which of the following constitutes ‘drug abuse’: A. Physician prescribed use of penicillin G for the cure of viral fever B. Self administration of aspirin to relieve headache C. Repeated self administration of morphine to derive euphoria D. All of the above

Last Answer : D. Differ from each other in the degree of attendant psychological dependence

A fixed dose combination preparation meant for internal use must not contain the following class of drug: A. Thiazide diuretic B. Fluoroquinolone antimicrobial C. Corticosteroid D. H2 blocker

Description : A fixed dose combination preparation meant for internal use must not contain the following class of drug: A. Thiazide diuretic B. Fluoroquinolone antimicrobial C. Corticosteroid D. H2 blocker

Last Answer : C. Corticosteroid

Reflex bronchoconstriction is most likely to occur with the following form of inhaled antiasthma medication: A. Metered dose spray of drug in solution B. Dry powder rotacap C. Nebuliser D. Nebuliser with spacer

Description : Reflex bronchoconstriction is most likely to occur with the following form of inhaled antiasthma medication: A. Metered dose spray of drug in solution B. Dry powder rotacap C. Nebuliser D. Nebuliser with spacer

Last Answer : B. Dry powder rotacap